---
_id: '14828'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Production of hydrogen at large scale requires development of non-noble, inexpensive,
    and high-performing catalysts for constructing water-splitting devices. Herein,
    we report the synthesis of Zn-doped NiO heterostructure (ZnNiO) catalysts at room
    temperature via a coprecipitation method followed by drying (at 80 °C, 6 h) and
    calcination at an elevated temperature of 400 °C for 5 h under three distinct
    conditions, namely, air, N2, and vacuum. The vacuum-synthesized catalyst demonstrates
    a low overpotential of 88 mV at −10 mA cm–2 and a small Tafel slope of 73 mV dec–1
    suggesting relatively higher charge transfer kinetics for hydrogen evolution reactions
    (HER) compared with the specimens synthesized under N2 or O2 atmosphere. It also
    demonstrates an oxygen evolution (OER) overpotential of 260 mV at 10 mA cm–2 with
    a low Tafel slope of 63 mV dec–1. In a full-cell water-splitting device, the vacuum-synthesized
    ZnNiO heterostructure demonstrates a cell voltage of 1.94 V at 50 mA cm–2 and
    shows remarkable stability over 24 h at a high current density of 100 mA cm–2.
    It is also demonstrated in this study that Zn-doping, surface, and interface engineering
    in transition-metal oxides play a crucial role in efficient electrocatalytic water
    splitting. Also, the results obtained from density functional theory (DFT + U
    = 0–8 eV), where U is the on-site Coulomb repulsion parameter also known as Hubbard
    U, based electronic structure calculations confirm that Zn doping constructively
    modifies the electronic structure, in both the valence band and the conduction
    band, and found to be suitable in tailoring the carrier’s effective masses of
    electrons and holes. The decrease in electron’s effective masses together with
    large differences between the effective masses of electrons and holes is noticed,
    which is found to be mainly responsible for achieving the best water-splitting
    performance from a 9% Zn-doped NiO sample prepared under vacuum.
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Technology Innovation Program (20011622,
  Development of Battery System Applied High-Efficiency Heat Control Polymer and Part
  Component) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE, Korea). Author
  acknowledge to Prof. Tsunehiro Takeuchi from Toyota Technological Institute, Nagoya,
  Japan for the support of computational resources.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Gundegowda Kalligowdanadoddi
  full_name: Kiran, Gundegowda Kalligowdanadoddi
  last_name: Kiran
- first_name: Saurabh
  full_name: Singh, Saurabh
  id: 12d625da-9cb3-11ed-9667-af09d37d3f0a
  last_name: Singh
  orcid: 0000-0003-2209-5269
- first_name: Neelima
  full_name: Mahato, Neelima
  last_name: Mahato
- first_name: Thupakula Venkata Madhukar
  full_name: Sreekanth, Thupakula Venkata Madhukar
  last_name: Sreekanth
- first_name: Gowra Raghupathy
  full_name: Dillip, Gowra Raghupathy
  last_name: Dillip
- first_name: Kisoo
  full_name: Yoo, Kisoo
  last_name: Yoo
- first_name: Jonghoon
  full_name: Kim, Jonghoon
  last_name: Kim
citation:
  ama: Kiran GK, Singh S, Mahato N, et al. Interface engineering modulation combined
    with electronic structure modification of Zn-doped NiO heterostructure for efficient
    water-splitting activity. <i>ACS Applied Energy Materials</i>. 2024;7(1):214-229.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.3c02519">10.1021/acsaem.3c02519</a>
  apa: Kiran, G. K., Singh, S., Mahato, N., Sreekanth, T. V. M., Dillip, G. R., Yoo,
    K., &#38; Kim, J. (2024). Interface engineering modulation combined with electronic
    structure modification of Zn-doped NiO heterostructure for efficient water-splitting
    activity. <i>ACS Applied Energy Materials</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.3c02519">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.3c02519</a>
  chicago: Kiran, Gundegowda Kalligowdanadoddi, Saurabh Singh, Neelima Mahato, Thupakula
    Venkata Madhukar Sreekanth, Gowra Raghupathy Dillip, Kisoo Yoo, and Jonghoon Kim.
    “Interface Engineering Modulation Combined with Electronic Structure Modification
    of Zn-Doped NiO Heterostructure for Efficient Water-Splitting Activity.” <i>ACS
    Applied Energy Materials</i>. American Chemical Society, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.3c02519">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.3c02519</a>.
  ieee: G. K. Kiran <i>et al.</i>, “Interface engineering modulation combined with
    electronic structure modification of Zn-doped NiO heterostructure for efficient
    water-splitting activity,” <i>ACS Applied Energy Materials</i>, vol. 7, no. 1.
    American Chemical Society, pp. 214–229, 2024.
  ista: Kiran GK, Singh S, Mahato N, Sreekanth TVM, Dillip GR, Yoo K, Kim J. 2024.
    Interface engineering modulation combined with electronic structure modification
    of Zn-doped NiO heterostructure for efficient water-splitting activity. ACS Applied
    Energy Materials. 7(1), 214–229.
  mla: Kiran, Gundegowda Kalligowdanadoddi, et al. “Interface Engineering Modulation
    Combined with Electronic Structure Modification of Zn-Doped NiO Heterostructure
    for Efficient Water-Splitting Activity.” <i>ACS Applied Energy Materials</i>,
    vol. 7, no. 1, American Chemical Society, 2024, pp. 214–29, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.3c02519">10.1021/acsaem.3c02519</a>.
  short: G.K. Kiran, S. Singh, N. Mahato, T.V.M. Sreekanth, G.R. Dillip, K. Yoo, J.
    Kim, ACS Applied Energy Materials 7 (2024) 214–229.
date_created: 2024-01-17T12:48:35Z
date_published: 2024-01-08T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-07-22T14:07:29Z
day: '08'
department:
- _id: MaIb
doi: 10.1021/acsaem.3c02519
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001138342900001'
  oaworkID:
  - w4389780443
intvolume: '         7'
isi: 1
issue: '1'
keyword:
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Materials Chemistry
- Electrochemistry
- Energy Engineering and Power Technology
- Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous)
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
oaworkID: 1
page: 214-229
publication: ACS Applied Energy Materials
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2574-0962
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Interface engineering modulation combined with electronic structure modification
  of Zn-doped NiO heterostructure for efficient water-splitting activity
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 7
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '14733'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Redox flow batteries (RFBs) rely on the development of cheap, highly soluble,
    and high-energy-density electrolytes. Several candidate quinones have already
    been investigated in the literature as two-electron anolytes or catholytes, benefiting
    from fast kinetics, high tunability, and low cost. Here, an investigation of nitrogen-rich
    fused heteroaromatic quinones was carried out to explore avenues for electrolyte
    development. These quinones were synthesized and screened by using electrochemical
    techniques. The most promising candidate, 4,8-dioxo-4,8-dihydrobenzo[1,2-d:4,5-d′]bis([1,2,3]triazole)-1,5-diide
    (−0.68 V(SHE)), was tested in both an asymmetric and symmetric full-cell setup
    resulting in capacity fade rates of 0.35% per cycle and 0.0124% per cycle, respectively.
    In situ ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), nuclear magnetic resonance
    (NMR), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies were used to investigate
    the electrochemical stability of the charged species during operation. UV–Vis
    spectroscopy, supported by density functional theory (DFT) modeling, reaffirmed
    that the two-step charging mechanism observed during battery operation consisted
    of two, single-electron transfers. The radical concentration during battery operation
    and the degree of delocalization of the unpaired electron were quantified with
    NMR and EPR spectroscopy.
article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Rajesh B
  full_name: Jethwa, Rajesh B
  id: 4cc538d5-803f-11ed-ab7e-8139573aad8f
  last_name: Jethwa
  orcid: 0000-0002-0404-4356
- first_name: Dominic
  full_name: Hey, Dominic
  last_name: Hey
- first_name: Rachel N.
  full_name: Kerber, Rachel N.
  last_name: Kerber
- first_name: Andrew D.
  full_name: Bond, Andrew D.
  last_name: Bond
- first_name: Dominic S.
  full_name: Wright, Dominic S.
  last_name: Wright
- first_name: Clare P.
  full_name: Grey, Clare P.
  last_name: Grey
citation:
  ama: Jethwa RB, Hey D, Kerber RN, Bond AD, Wright DS, Grey CP. Exploring the landscape
    of heterocyclic quinones for redox flow batteries. <i>ACS Applied Energy Materials</i>.
    2023. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.3c02223">10.1021/acsaem.3c02223</a>
  apa: Jethwa, R. B., Hey, D., Kerber, R. N., Bond, A. D., Wright, D. S., &#38; Grey,
    C. P. (2023). Exploring the landscape of heterocyclic quinones for redox flow
    batteries. <i>ACS Applied Energy Materials</i>. American Chemical Society. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.3c02223">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.3c02223</a>
  chicago: Jethwa, Rajesh B, Dominic Hey, Rachel N. Kerber, Andrew D. Bond, Dominic
    S. Wright, and Clare P. Grey. “Exploring the Landscape of Heterocyclic Quinones
    for Redox Flow Batteries.” <i>ACS Applied Energy Materials</i>. American Chemical
    Society, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.3c02223">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.3c02223</a>.
  ieee: R. B. Jethwa, D. Hey, R. N. Kerber, A. D. Bond, D. S. Wright, and C. P. Grey,
    “Exploring the landscape of heterocyclic quinones for redox flow batteries,” <i>ACS
    Applied Energy Materials</i>. American Chemical Society, 2023.
  ista: Jethwa RB, Hey D, Kerber RN, Bond AD, Wright DS, Grey CP. 2023. Exploring
    the landscape of heterocyclic quinones for redox flow batteries. ACS Applied Energy
    Materials.
  mla: Jethwa, Rajesh B., et al. “Exploring the Landscape of Heterocyclic Quinones
    for Redox Flow Batteries.” <i>ACS Applied Energy Materials</i>, American Chemical
    Society, 2023, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.3c02223">10.1021/acsaem.3c02223</a>.
  short: R.B. Jethwa, D. Hey, R.N. Kerber, A.D. Bond, D.S. Wright, C.P. Grey, ACS
    Applied Energy Materials (2023).
date_created: 2024-01-05T09:20:48Z
date_published: 2023-12-28T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-01-08T09:03:01Z
day: '28'
ddc:
- '540'
department:
- _id: StFr
doi: 10.1021/acsaem.3c02223
ec_funded: 1
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Materials Chemistry
- Electrochemistry
- Energy Engineering and Power Technology
- Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous)
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.3c02223
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '101034413'
  name: 'IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program'
publication: ACS Applied Energy Materials
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2574-0962
publication_status: epub_ahead
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Exploring the landscape of heterocyclic quinones for redox flow batteries
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '12227'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Polydicyclopentadiene (pDCPD), a thermoset with excellent mechanical properties,
    has enormous potential as a lightweight, tough, and stable matrix material owing
    to its highly cross-linked macromolecular network. This work describes generating
    pDCPD-based foams and hierarchically porous carbons derived therefrom by combining
    ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of DCPD, high internal phase emulsions
    (HIPEs) as structural templates, and subsequent carbonization. The structure and
    function of the carbon foams were characterized and discussed in detail using
    scanning electron, transmission electron, or atomic force microscopy (SEM, TEM,
    AFM), electron energy-loss spectroscopy (TEM-EELS), N2 sorption, and analyses
    of electrical conductivity as well as mechanical properties. The resulting materials
    exhibited uniform, shape-retaining shrinkage of only ∼1/3 after carbonization.
    No structural failure was observed even when the pDCPD precursor foams were heated
    to 1400 °C. Instead, the high porosity, void size, and 3D interconnectivity were
    fully preserved, and the void diameters could be adjusted between 87 and 2.5 μm.
    Moreover, foams have a carbon content >97%, an electronic conductivity of up to
    2800 S·m–1, a Young’s modulus of up to 2.1 GPa, and a specific surface area of
    up to 1200 m2·g–1. Surprisingly, the pDCPD foams were carbonized into shapes other
    than monoliths, such as 10’s of micron thick membranes or foamy coatings adhered
    to a metal foil or grid substrate. The latter coatings even adhere upon bending.
    Finally, as a use case, carbonized foams were applied as porous cathodes for Li–O2
    batteries where the foams show a favorable combination of porosity, active surface
    area, and pore size for outstanding capacity.
acknowledgement: S.K. acknowledges the financial support from the Slovenian Research
  Agency (grants P1-0021, P2-0150). Support by Graz University of Technology (LP-03
  – Porous Materials@Work) and from VARTA Innovation GmbH is kindly acknowledged.
  We thank Umicore for providing the initiator and Matjaž Mazaj (National Institute
  of Chemistry, Ljubljana) and Karel Jerabek (Czech Academy of Sciences) for measurements
  and fruitful discussions. S.A.F. is indebted to the Austrian Federal Ministry of
  Science, Research and Economy; the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (Grant No.
  845364); and ISTA for support.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Sebastijan
  full_name: Kovačič, Sebastijan
  last_name: Kovačič
- first_name: Bettina
  full_name: Schafzahl, Bettina
  last_name: Schafzahl
- first_name: Nadejda B.
  full_name: Matsko, Nadejda B.
  last_name: Matsko
- first_name: Katharina
  full_name: Gruber, Katharina
  last_name: Gruber
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Schmuck, Martin
  last_name: Schmuck
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Koller, Stefan
  last_name: Koller
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Slugovc, Christian
  last_name: Slugovc
citation:
  ama: 'Kovačič S, Schafzahl B, Matsko NB, et al. Carbon foams via ring-opening metathesis
    polymerization of emulsion templates: A facile method to make carbon current collectors
    for battery applications. <i>ACS Applied Energy Materials</i>. 2022;5(11):14381-14390.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.2c02787">10.1021/acsaem.2c02787</a>'
  apa: 'Kovačič, S., Schafzahl, B., Matsko, N. B., Gruber, K., Schmuck, M., Koller,
    S., … Slugovc, C. (2022). Carbon foams via ring-opening metathesis polymerization
    of emulsion templates: A facile method to make carbon current collectors for battery
    applications. <i>ACS Applied Energy Materials</i>. American Chemical Society.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.2c02787">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.2c02787</a>'
  chicago: 'Kovačič, Sebastijan, Bettina Schafzahl, Nadejda B. Matsko, Katharina Gruber,
    Martin Schmuck, Stefan Koller, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, and Christian Slugovc.
    “Carbon Foams via Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Emulsion Templates:
    A Facile Method to Make Carbon Current Collectors for Battery Applications.” <i>ACS
    Applied Energy Materials</i>. American Chemical Society, 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.2c02787">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.2c02787</a>.'
  ieee: 'S. Kovačič <i>et al.</i>, “Carbon foams via ring-opening metathesis polymerization
    of emulsion templates: A facile method to make carbon current collectors for battery
    applications,” <i>ACS Applied Energy Materials</i>, vol. 5, no. 11. American Chemical
    Society, pp. 14381–14390, 2022.'
  ista: 'Kovačič S, Schafzahl B, Matsko NB, Gruber K, Schmuck M, Koller S, Freunberger
    SA, Slugovc C. 2022. Carbon foams via ring-opening metathesis polymerization of
    emulsion templates: A facile method to make carbon current collectors for battery
    applications. ACS Applied Energy Materials. 5(11), 14381–14390.'
  mla: 'Kovačič, Sebastijan, et al. “Carbon Foams via Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization
    of Emulsion Templates: A Facile Method to Make Carbon Current Collectors for Battery
    Applications.” <i>ACS Applied Energy Materials</i>, vol. 5, no. 11, American Chemical
    Society, 2022, pp. 14381–90, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.2c02787">10.1021/acsaem.2c02787</a>.'
  short: S. Kovačič, B. Schafzahl, N.B. Matsko, K. Gruber, M. Schmuck, S. Koller,
    S.A. Freunberger, C. Slugovc, ACS Applied Energy Materials 5 (2022) 14381–14390.
date_created: 2023-01-16T09:48:53Z
date_published: 2022-10-16T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-04T09:27:32Z
day: '16'
ddc:
- '540'
department:
- _id: StFr
doi: 10.1021/acsaem.2c02787
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000875635900001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 572d15c250ab83d44f4e2c3aeb5f7388
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2023-01-27T09:09:15Z
  date_updated: 2023-01-27T09:09:15Z
  file_id: '12420'
  file_name: 2022_AppliedEnergyMaterials_Kovacic.pdf
  file_size: 13105589
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2023-01-27T09:09:15Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         5'
isi: 1
issue: '11'
keyword:
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Materials Chemistry
- Electrochemistry
- Energy Engineering and Power Technology
- Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous)
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 14381-14390
publication: ACS Applied Energy Materials
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2574-0962
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Carbon foams via ring-opening metathesis polymerization of emulsion templates:
  A facile method to make carbon current collectors for battery applications'
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 5
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '9447'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) based water-in-salt electrolytes
    (WiSEs) has recently emerged as a new promising class of electrolytes, primarily
    owing to their wide electrochemical stability windows (~3–4 V), that by far exceed
    the thermodynamic stability window of water (1.23 V). Upon increasing the salt
    concentration towards superconcentration the onset of the oxygen evolution reaction
    (OER) shifts more significantly than the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) does.
    The OER shift has been explained by the accumulation of hydrophobic anions blocking
    water access to the electrode surface, hence by double layer theory. Here we demonstrate
    that the processes during oxidation are much more complex, involving OER, carbon
    and salt decomposition by OER intermediates, and salt precipitation upon local
    oversaturation. The positive shift in the onset potential of oxidation currents
    was elucidated by combining several advanced analysis techniques: rotating ring-disk
    electrode voltammetry, online electrochemical mass spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron
    spectroscopy, using both dilute and superconcentrated electrolytes. The results
    demonstrate the importance of reactive OER intermediates and surface films for
    electrolyte and electrode stability and motivate further studies of the nature
    of the electrode.'
article_number: '050550'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Marion
  full_name: Maffre, Marion
  last_name: Maffre
- first_name: Roza
  full_name: Bouchal, Roza
  last_name: Bouchal
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Niklas
  full_name: Lindahl, Niklas
  last_name: Lindahl
- first_name: Patrik
  full_name: Johansson, Patrik
  last_name: Johansson
- first_name: Frédéric
  full_name: Favier, Frédéric
  last_name: Favier
- first_name: Olivier
  full_name: Fontaine, Olivier
  last_name: Fontaine
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Bélanger, Daniel
  last_name: Bélanger
citation:
  ama: Maffre M, Bouchal R, Freunberger SA, et al. Investigation of electrochemical
    and chemical processes occurring at positive potentials in “Water-in-Salt” electrolytes.
    <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>. 2021;168(5). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300">10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300</a>
  apa: Maffre, M., Bouchal, R., Freunberger, S. A., Lindahl, N., Johansson, P., Favier,
    F., … Bélanger, D. (2021). Investigation of electrochemical and chemical processes
    occurring at positive potentials in “Water-in-Salt” electrolytes. <i>Journal of
    The Electrochemical Society</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300">https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300</a>
  chicago: Maffre, Marion, Roza Bouchal, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, Niklas Lindahl,
    Patrik Johansson, Frédéric Favier, Olivier Fontaine, and Daniel Bélanger. “Investigation
    of Electrochemical and Chemical Processes Occurring at Positive Potentials in
    ‘Water-in-Salt’ Electrolytes.” <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>.
    IOP Publishing, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300">https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300</a>.
  ieee: M. Maffre <i>et al.</i>, “Investigation of electrochemical and chemical processes
    occurring at positive potentials in ‘Water-in-Salt’ electrolytes,” <i>Journal
    of The Electrochemical Society</i>, vol. 168, no. 5. IOP Publishing, 2021.
  ista: Maffre M, Bouchal R, Freunberger SA, Lindahl N, Johansson P, Favier F, Fontaine
    O, Bélanger D. 2021. Investigation of electrochemical and chemical processes occurring
    at positive potentials in “Water-in-Salt” electrolytes. Journal of The Electrochemical
    Society. 168(5), 050550.
  mla: Maffre, Marion, et al. “Investigation of Electrochemical and Chemical Processes
    Occurring at Positive Potentials in ‘Water-in-Salt’ Electrolytes.” <i>Journal
    of The Electrochemical Society</i>, vol. 168, no. 5, 050550, IOP Publishing, 2021,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300">10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300</a>.
  short: M. Maffre, R. Bouchal, S.A. Freunberger, N. Lindahl, P. Johansson, F. Favier,
    O. Fontaine, D. Bélanger, Journal of The Electrochemical Society 168 (2021).
date_created: 2021-06-03T09:58:38Z
date_published: 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-05T13:25:30Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: StFr
doi: 10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000657724200001'
intvolume: '       168'
isi: 1
issue: '5'
keyword:
- Renewable Energy
- Sustainability and the Environment
- Electrochemistry
- Materials Chemistry
- Electronic
- Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Surfaces
- Coatings and Films
- Condensed Matter Physics
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa_version: None
publication: Journal of The Electrochemical Society
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1945-7111
  issn:
  - 0013-4651
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Investigation of electrochemical and chemical processes occurring at positive
  potentials in “Water-in-Salt” electrolytes
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 168
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '13386'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Azobenzenealkanethiols in self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au(111) exhibit
    reversible trans–cis photoisomerization when diluted with alkanethiol spacers.
    Using these mixed SAMs, we show switching of the linear optical and second-harmonic
    response. The effective switching of these surface optical properties relies on
    a reasonably large cross section and a high photoisomerization yield as well as
    a long lifetime of the metastable cis isomer. We quantified the switching process
    by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The cross sections for the trans–cis and cis–trans
    photoisomerization with 365 and 455 nm light, respectively, are 1 order of magnitude
    smaller than in solution. In vacuum, the 365 nm photostationary state comprises
    50–74% of the molecules in the cis form, limited by their rapid thermal isomerization
    back to the trans state. In contrast, the 455 nm photostationary state contains
    nearly 100% trans-azobenzene. We determined time constants for the thermal cis–trans
    isomerization of only a few minutes in vacuum and in a dry nitrogen atmosphere
    but of more than 1 day in ambient air. Our results suggest that adventitious water
    adsorbed on the surface of the SAM stabilizes the polar cis configuration of azobenzene
    under ambient conditions. The back reaction rate constants differing by 2 orders
    of magnitude underline the huge influence of the environment and, accordingly,
    its importance when comparing various experiments.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Moldt, Thomas
  last_name: Moldt
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Przyrembel, Daniel
  last_name: Przyrembel
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Schulze, Michael
  last_name: Schulze
- first_name: Wibke
  full_name: Bronsch, Wibke
  last_name: Bronsch
- first_name: Larissa
  full_name: Boie, Larissa
  last_name: Boie
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Brete, Daniel
  last_name: Brete
- first_name: Cornelius
  full_name: Gahl, Cornelius
  last_name: Gahl
- first_name: Rafal
  full_name: Klajn, Rafal
  id: 8e84690e-1e48-11ed-a02b-a1e6fb8bb53b
  last_name: Klajn
- first_name: Petra
  full_name: Tegeder, Petra
  last_name: Tegeder
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Weinelt, Martin
  last_name: Weinelt
citation:
  ama: Moldt T, Przyrembel D, Schulze M, et al. Differing isomerization kinetics of
    azobenzene-functionalized self-assembled monolayers in ambient air and in vacuum.
    <i>Langmuir</i>. 2016;32(42):10795-10801. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01690">10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01690</a>
  apa: Moldt, T., Przyrembel, D., Schulze, M., Bronsch, W., Boie, L., Brete, D., …
    Weinelt, M. (2016). Differing isomerization kinetics of azobenzene-functionalized
    self-assembled monolayers in ambient air and in vacuum. <i>Langmuir</i>. American
    Chemical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01690">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01690</a>
  chicago: Moldt, Thomas, Daniel Przyrembel, Michael Schulze, Wibke Bronsch, Larissa
    Boie, Daniel Brete, Cornelius Gahl, Rafal Klajn, Petra Tegeder, and Martin Weinelt.
    “Differing Isomerization Kinetics of Azobenzene-Functionalized Self-Assembled
    Monolayers in Ambient Air and in Vacuum.” <i>Langmuir</i>. American Chemical Society,
    2016. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01690">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01690</a>.
  ieee: T. Moldt <i>et al.</i>, “Differing isomerization kinetics of azobenzene-functionalized
    self-assembled monolayers in ambient air and in vacuum,” <i>Langmuir</i>, vol.
    32, no. 42. American Chemical Society, pp. 10795–10801, 2016.
  ista: Moldt T, Przyrembel D, Schulze M, Bronsch W, Boie L, Brete D, Gahl C, Klajn
    R, Tegeder P, Weinelt M. 2016. Differing isomerization kinetics of azobenzene-functionalized
    self-assembled monolayers in ambient air and in vacuum. Langmuir. 32(42), 10795–10801.
  mla: Moldt, Thomas, et al. “Differing Isomerization Kinetics of Azobenzene-Functionalized
    Self-Assembled Monolayers in Ambient Air and in Vacuum.” <i>Langmuir</i>, vol.
    32, no. 42, American Chemical Society, 2016, pp. 10795–801, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01690">10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01690</a>.
  short: T. Moldt, D. Przyrembel, M. Schulze, W. Bronsch, L. Boie, D. Brete, C. Gahl,
    R. Klajn, P. Tegeder, M. Weinelt, Langmuir 32 (2016) 10795–10801.
date_created: 2023-08-01T09:42:37Z
date_published: 2016-10-25T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-07T12:27:06Z
day: '25'
doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01690
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '27681851'
intvolume: '        32'
issue: '42'
keyword:
- Electrochemistry
- Spectroscopy
- Surfaces and Interfaces
- Condensed Matter Physics
- General Materials Science
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa_version: None
page: 10795-10801
pmid: 1
publication: Langmuir
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1520-5827
  issn:
  - 0743-7463
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Differing isomerization kinetics of azobenzene-functionalized self-assembled
  monolayers in ambient air and in vacuum
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 32
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '13396'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Photoswitching in densely packed azobenzene self-assembled monolayers (SAMs)
    is strongly affected by steric constraints and excitonic coupling between neighboring
    chromophores. Therefore, control of the chromophore density is essential for enhancing
    and manipulating the photoisomerization yield. We systematically compare two methods
    to achieve this goal: First, we assemble monocomponent azobenzene–alkanethiolate
    SAMs on gold nanoparticles of varying size. Second, we form mixed SAMs of azobenzene–alkanethiolates
    and “dummy” alkanethiolates on planar substrates. Both methods lead to a gradual
    decrease of the chromophore density and enable efficient photoswitching with low-power
    light sources. X-ray spectroscopy reveals that coadsorption from solution yields
    mixtures with tunable composition. The orientation of the chromophores with respect
    to the surface normal changes from a tilted to an upright position with increasing
    azobenzene density. For both systems, optical spectroscopy reveals a pronounced
    excitonic shift that increases with the chromophore density. In spite of exciting
    the optical transition of the monomer, the main spectral change in mixed SAMs
    occurs in the excitonic band. In addition, the photoisomerization yield decreases
    only slightly by increasing the azobenzene–alkanethiolate density, and we observed
    photoswitching even with minor dilutions. Unlike in solution, azobenzene in the
    planar SAM can be switched back almost completely by optical excitation from the
    cis to the original trans state within a short time scale. These observations
    indicate cooperativity in the photoswitching process of mixed SAMs.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Moldt, Thomas
  last_name: Moldt
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Brete, Daniel
  last_name: Brete
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Przyrembel, Daniel
  last_name: Przyrembel
- first_name: Sanjib
  full_name: Das, Sanjib
  last_name: Das
- first_name: Joel R.
  full_name: Goldman, Joel R.
  last_name: Goldman
- first_name: Pintu K.
  full_name: Kundu, Pintu K.
  last_name: Kundu
- first_name: Cornelius
  full_name: Gahl, Cornelius
  last_name: Gahl
- first_name: Rafal
  full_name: Klajn, Rafal
  id: 8e84690e-1e48-11ed-a02b-a1e6fb8bb53b
  last_name: Klajn
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Weinelt, Martin
  last_name: Weinelt
citation:
  ama: Moldt T, Brete D, Przyrembel D, et al. Tailoring the properties of surface-immobilized
    azobenzenes by monolayer dilution and surface curvature. <i>Langmuir</i>. 2015;31(3):1048-1057.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/la504291n">10.1021/la504291n</a>
  apa: Moldt, T., Brete, D., Przyrembel, D., Das, S., Goldman, J. R., Kundu, P. K.,
    … Weinelt, M. (2015). Tailoring the properties of surface-immobilized azobenzenes
    by monolayer dilution and surface curvature. <i>Langmuir</i>. American Chemical
    Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/la504291n">https://doi.org/10.1021/la504291n</a>
  chicago: Moldt, Thomas, Daniel Brete, Daniel Przyrembel, Sanjib Das, Joel R. Goldman,
    Pintu K. Kundu, Cornelius Gahl, Rafal Klajn, and Martin Weinelt. “Tailoring the
    Properties of Surface-Immobilized Azobenzenes by Monolayer Dilution and Surface
    Curvature.” <i>Langmuir</i>. American Chemical Society, 2015. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/la504291n">https://doi.org/10.1021/la504291n</a>.
  ieee: T. Moldt <i>et al.</i>, “Tailoring the properties of surface-immobilized azobenzenes
    by monolayer dilution and surface curvature,” <i>Langmuir</i>, vol. 31, no. 3.
    American Chemical Society, pp. 1048–1057, 2015.
  ista: Moldt T, Brete D, Przyrembel D, Das S, Goldman JR, Kundu PK, Gahl C, Klajn
    R, Weinelt M. 2015. Tailoring the properties of surface-immobilized azobenzenes
    by monolayer dilution and surface curvature. Langmuir. 31(3), 1048–1057.
  mla: Moldt, Thomas, et al. “Tailoring the Properties of Surface-Immobilized Azobenzenes
    by Monolayer Dilution and Surface Curvature.” <i>Langmuir</i>, vol. 31, no. 3,
    American Chemical Society, 2015, pp. 1048–57, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/la504291n">10.1021/la504291n</a>.
  short: T. Moldt, D. Brete, D. Przyrembel, S. Das, J.R. Goldman, P.K. Kundu, C. Gahl,
    R. Klajn, M. Weinelt, Langmuir 31 (2015) 1048–1057.
date_created: 2023-08-01T09:45:02Z
date_published: 2015-01-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-07T13:05:04Z
day: '27'
doi: 10.1021/la504291n
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '25544061'
intvolume: '        31'
issue: '3'
keyword:
- Electrochemistry
- Spectroscopy
- Surfaces and Interfaces
- Condensed Matter Physics
- General Materials Science
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 1048-1057
pmid: 1
publication: Langmuir
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1520-5827
  issn:
  - 0743-7463
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Tailoring the properties of surface-immobilized azobenzenes by monolayer dilution
  and surface curvature
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 31
year: '2015'
...
---
_id: '13423'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Supraspheres (SS) composed of hundreds to thousands of metal nanoparticles
    (NPs) and crosslinked by dithiol linkers are assembled into larger structures,
    which are subsequently converted into nanoporous metals (NMs). Conversion is achieved
    by heating which removes organic molecules stabilizing the NPs and allows for
    NP fusion. Heating of SS solutions leads to NMs of overall macroscopic dimensions;
    localized radiation using collimated electron beam is used to prepare metallized
    surface micropatterns. Depending on the composition of supraspherical precursors,
    nanoporous materials composed of up to three metals can be obtained. Strategies
    for controlling pore size and nanoscale surface roughness of these materials are
    discussed.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Rafal
  full_name: Klajn, Rafal
  id: 8e84690e-1e48-11ed-a02b-a1e6fb8bb53b
  last_name: Klajn
- first_name: Timothy P.
  full_name: Gray, Timothy P.
  last_name: Gray
- first_name: Paul J.
  full_name: Wesson, Paul J.
  last_name: Wesson
- first_name: Benjamin D.
  full_name: Myers, Benjamin D.
  last_name: Myers
- first_name: Vinayak P.
  full_name: Dravid, Vinayak P.
  last_name: Dravid
- first_name: Stoyan K.
  full_name: Smoukov, Stoyan K.
  last_name: Smoukov
- first_name: Bartosz A.
  full_name: Grzybowski, Bartosz A.
  last_name: Grzybowski
citation:
  ama: Klajn R, Gray TP, Wesson PJ, et al. Bulk synthesis and surface patterning of
    nanoporous metals and alloys from supraspherical nanoparticle aggregates. <i>Advanced
    Functional Materials</i>. 2008;18(18):2763-2769. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200800293">10.1002/adfm.200800293</a>
  apa: Klajn, R., Gray, T. P., Wesson, P. J., Myers, B. D., Dravid, V. P., Smoukov,
    S. K., &#38; Grzybowski, B. A. (2008). Bulk synthesis and surface patterning of
    nanoporous metals and alloys from supraspherical nanoparticle aggregates. <i>Advanced
    Functional Materials</i>. Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200800293">https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200800293</a>
  chicago: Klajn, Rafal, Timothy P. Gray, Paul J. Wesson, Benjamin D. Myers, Vinayak
    P. Dravid, Stoyan K. Smoukov, and Bartosz A. Grzybowski. “Bulk Synthesis and Surface
    Patterning of Nanoporous Metals and Alloys from Supraspherical Nanoparticle Aggregates.”
    <i>Advanced Functional Materials</i>. Wiley, 2008. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200800293">https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200800293</a>.
  ieee: R. Klajn <i>et al.</i>, “Bulk synthesis and surface patterning of nanoporous
    metals and alloys from supraspherical nanoparticle aggregates,” <i>Advanced Functional
    Materials</i>, vol. 18, no. 18. Wiley, pp. 2763–2769, 2008.
  ista: Klajn R, Gray TP, Wesson PJ, Myers BD, Dravid VP, Smoukov SK, Grzybowski BA.
    2008. Bulk synthesis and surface patterning of nanoporous metals and alloys from
    supraspherical nanoparticle aggregates. Advanced Functional Materials. 18(18),
    2763–2769.
  mla: Klajn, Rafal, et al. “Bulk Synthesis and Surface Patterning of Nanoporous Metals
    and Alloys from Supraspherical Nanoparticle Aggregates.” <i>Advanced Functional
    Materials</i>, vol. 18, no. 18, Wiley, 2008, pp. 2763–69, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200800293">10.1002/adfm.200800293</a>.
  short: R. Klajn, T.P. Gray, P.J. Wesson, B.D. Myers, V.P. Dravid, S.K. Smoukov,
    B.A. Grzybowski, Advanced Functional Materials 18 (2008) 2763–2769.
date_created: 2023-08-01T10:30:57Z
date_published: 2008-09-23T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-08T11:16:28Z
day: '23'
doi: 10.1002/adfm.200800293
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        18'
issue: '18'
keyword:
- Electrochemistry
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Biomaterials
- Electronic
- Optical and Magnetic Materials
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa_version: None
page: 2763-2769
publication: Advanced Functional Materials
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1616-3028
  issn:
  - 1616-301X
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Bulk synthesis and surface patterning of nanoporous metals and alloys from
  supraspherical nanoparticle aggregates
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 18
year: '2008'
...
---
_id: '13426'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Photoswelling of thin films of dichromated gelatin provides a basis for fabrication
    of multilevel surface reliefs via sequential UV illumination through different
    photomasks. The remarkable feature of this simple, benchtop technique is that
    by adjusting irradiation times, film thickness, or its hydration state the heights
    of the developed features can be varied from few nanometers to tens of microns.
    After UV exposure, the surface structures can be replicated faithfully into either
    soft or hard PDMS stamps.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Maciej
  full_name: Paszewski, Maciej
  last_name: Paszewski
- first_name: Stoyan K.
  full_name: Smoukov, Stoyan K.
  last_name: Smoukov
- first_name: Rafal
  full_name: Klajn, Rafal
  id: 8e84690e-1e48-11ed-a02b-a1e6fb8bb53b
  last_name: Klajn
- first_name: Bartosz A.
  full_name: Grzybowski, Bartosz A.
  last_name: Grzybowski
citation:
  ama: Paszewski M, Smoukov SK, Klajn R, Grzybowski BA. Multilevel surface nano- and
    microstructuring via sequential photoswelling of dichromated gelatin. <i>Langmuir</i>.
    2007;23(10):5419-5422. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/la062982c">10.1021/la062982c</a>
  apa: Paszewski, M., Smoukov, S. K., Klajn, R., &#38; Grzybowski, B. A. (2007). Multilevel
    surface nano- and microstructuring via sequential photoswelling of dichromated
    gelatin. <i>Langmuir</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/la062982c">https://doi.org/10.1021/la062982c</a>
  chicago: Paszewski, Maciej, Stoyan K. Smoukov, Rafal Klajn, and Bartosz A. Grzybowski.
    “Multilevel Surface Nano- and Microstructuring via Sequential Photoswelling of
    Dichromated Gelatin.” <i>Langmuir</i>. American Chemical Society, 2007. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/la062982c">https://doi.org/10.1021/la062982c</a>.
  ieee: M. Paszewski, S. K. Smoukov, R. Klajn, and B. A. Grzybowski, “Multilevel surface
    nano- and microstructuring via sequential photoswelling of dichromated gelatin,”
    <i>Langmuir</i>, vol. 23, no. 10. American Chemical Society, pp. 5419–5422, 2007.
  ista: Paszewski M, Smoukov SK, Klajn R, Grzybowski BA. 2007. Multilevel surface
    nano- and microstructuring via sequential photoswelling of dichromated gelatin.
    Langmuir. 23(10), 5419–5422.
  mla: Paszewski, Maciej, et al. “Multilevel Surface Nano- and Microstructuring via
    Sequential Photoswelling of Dichromated Gelatin.” <i>Langmuir</i>, vol. 23, no.
    10, American Chemical Society, 2007, pp. 5419–22, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/la062982c">10.1021/la062982c</a>.
  short: M. Paszewski, S.K. Smoukov, R. Klajn, B.A. Grzybowski, Langmuir 23 (2007)
    5419–5422.
date_created: 2023-08-01T10:31:33Z
date_published: 2007-04-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-08T11:26:24Z
day: '11'
doi: 10.1021/la062982c
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '17425340'
intvolume: '        23'
issue: '10'
keyword:
- Electrochemistry
- Spectroscopy
- Surfaces and Interfaces
- Condensed Matter Physics
- General Materials Science
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa_version: None
page: 5419-5422
pmid: 1
publication: Langmuir
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1520-5827
  issn:
  - 0743-7463
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Multilevel surface nano- and microstructuring via sequential photoswelling
  of dichromated gelatin
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 23
year: '2007'
...
---
_id: '13432'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: A new experimental technique is described that uses reaction−diffusion phenomena
    as a means of one-step microfabrication of complex, multilevel surface reliefs.
    Thin films of dry gelatin doped with potassium hexacyanoferrate are chemically
    micropatterned with a solution of silver nitrate delivered from an agarose stamp.
    Precipitation reaction between the two salts causes the surface to deform. The
    mechanism of surface deformation is shown to involve a sequence of reactions,
    diffusion, and gel swelling/contraction. This mechanism is established experimentally
    and provides a basis of a theoretical lattice-gas model that allows prediction
    surface topographies emerging from arbitrary geometries of the stamped features.
    The usefulness of the technique is demonstrated by using it to rapidly prepare
    two types of mold for passive microfluidic mixers.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Christopher J.
  full_name: Campbell, Christopher J.
  last_name: Campbell
- first_name: Rafal
  full_name: Klajn, Rafal
  id: 8e84690e-1e48-11ed-a02b-a1e6fb8bb53b
  last_name: Klajn
- first_name: Marcin
  full_name: Fialkowski, Marcin
  last_name: Fialkowski
- first_name: Bartosz A.
  full_name: Grzybowski, Bartosz A.
  last_name: Grzybowski
citation:
  ama: Campbell CJ, Klajn R, Fialkowski M, Grzybowski BA. One-step multilevel microfabrication
    by reaction−diffusion. <i>Langmuir</i>. 2005;21(1):418-423. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/la0487747">10.1021/la0487747</a>
  apa: Campbell, C. J., Klajn, R., Fialkowski, M., &#38; Grzybowski, B. A. (2005).
    One-step multilevel microfabrication by reaction−diffusion. <i>Langmuir</i>. American
    Chemical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/la0487747">https://doi.org/10.1021/la0487747</a>
  chicago: Campbell, Christopher J., Rafal Klajn, Marcin Fialkowski, and Bartosz A.
    Grzybowski. “One-Step Multilevel Microfabrication by Reaction−diffusion.” <i>Langmuir</i>.
    American Chemical Society, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/la0487747">https://doi.org/10.1021/la0487747</a>.
  ieee: C. J. Campbell, R. Klajn, M. Fialkowski, and B. A. Grzybowski, “One-step multilevel
    microfabrication by reaction−diffusion,” <i>Langmuir</i>, vol. 21, no. 1. American
    Chemical Society, pp. 418–423, 2005.
  ista: Campbell CJ, Klajn R, Fialkowski M, Grzybowski BA. 2005. One-step multilevel
    microfabrication by reaction−diffusion. Langmuir. 21(1), 418–423.
  mla: Campbell, Christopher J., et al. “One-Step Multilevel Microfabrication by Reaction−diffusion.”
    <i>Langmuir</i>, vol. 21, no. 1, American Chemical Society, 2005, pp. 418–23,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/la0487747">10.1021/la0487747</a>.
  short: C.J. Campbell, R. Klajn, M. Fialkowski, B.A. Grzybowski, Langmuir 21 (2005)
    418–423.
date_created: 2023-08-01T10:38:29Z
date_published: 2005-01-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-08T12:15:48Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.1021/la0487747
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '15620333'
intvolume: '        21'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- Electrochemistry
- Spectroscopy
- Surfaces and Interfaces
- Condensed Matter Physics
- General Materials Science
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 418-423
pmid: 1
publication: Langmuir
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1520-5827
  issn:
  - 0743-7463
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: One-step multilevel microfabrication by reaction−diffusion
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 21
year: '2005'
...