[{"month":"11","oa_version":"Published Version","publication":"The Cryosphere","keyword":["Earth-Surface Processes","Water Science and Technology"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1994-0424"]},"type":"journal_article","date_published":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","status":"public","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4701-2022","open_access":"1"}],"intvolume":"        16","title":"Sub-seasonal variability of supraglacial ice cliff melt rates and associated processes from time-lapse photogrammetry","article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:09:42Z","publication_status":"published","issue":"11","author":[{"first_name":"Marin","last_name":"Kneib","full_name":"Kneib, Marin"},{"full_name":"Miles, Evan S.","last_name":"Miles","first_name":"Evan S."},{"first_name":"Pascal","last_name":"Buri","full_name":"Buri, Pascal"},{"first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Fugger","full_name":"Fugger, Stefan"},{"full_name":"McCarthy, Michael","last_name":"McCarthy","first_name":"Michael"},{"first_name":"Thomas E.","last_name":"Shaw","full_name":"Shaw, Thomas E."},{"full_name":"Chuanxi, Zhao","last_name":"Chuanxi","first_name":"Zhao"},{"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Truffer","full_name":"Truffer, Martin"},{"last_name":"Westoby","first_name":"Matthew J.","full_name":"Westoby, Matthew J."},{"full_name":"Yang, Wei","last_name":"Yang","first_name":"Wei"},{"id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","last_name":"Pellicciotti","first_name":"Francesca","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca"}],"scopus_import":"1","_id":"12574","article_type":"original","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","quality_controlled":"1","page":"4701-4725","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Melt from supraglacial ice cliffs is an important contributor to the mass loss of debris-covered glaciers. However, ice cliff contribution is difficult to quantify as they are highly dynamic features, and the paucity of observations of melt rates and their variability leads to large modelling uncertainties. We quantify monsoon season melt and 3D evolution of four ice cliffs over two debris-covered glaciers in High Mountain Asia (Langtang Glacier, Nepal, and 24K Glacier, China) at very high resolution using terrestrial photogrammetry applied to imagery captured from time-lapse cameras installed on lateral moraines. We derive weekly flow-corrected digital elevation models (DEMs) of the glacier surface with a maximum vertical bias of ±0.2 m for Langtang Glacier and ±0.05 m for 24K Glacier and use change detection to determine distributed melt rates at the surfaces of the ice cliffs throughout the study period. We compare the measured melt patterns with those derived from a 3D energy balance model to derive the contribution of the main energy fluxes. We find that ice cliff melt varies considerably throughout the melt season, with maximum melt rates of 5 to 8 cm d−1, and their average melt rates are 11–14 (Langtang) and 4.5 (24K) times higher than the surrounding debris-covered ice. Our results highlight the influence of redistributed supraglacial debris on cliff melt. At both sites, ice cliff albedo is influenced by the presence of thin debris at the ice cliff surface, which is largely controlled on 24K Glacier by liquid precipitation events that wash away this debris. Slightly thicker or patchy debris reduces melt by 1–3 cm d−1 at all sites. Ultimately, our observations show a strong spatio-temporal variability in cliff area at each site, which is controlled by supraglacial streams and ponds and englacial cavities that promote debris slope destabilisation and the lateral expansion of the cliffs. These findings highlight the need to better represent processes of debris redistribution in ice cliff models, to in turn improve estimates of ice cliff contribution to glacier melt and the long-term geomorphological evolution of debris-covered glacier surfaces."}],"day":"11","doi":"10.5194/tc-16-4701-2022","year":"2022","citation":{"ieee":"M. Kneib <i>et al.</i>, “Sub-seasonal variability of supraglacial ice cliff melt rates and associated processes from time-lapse photogrammetry,” <i>The Cryosphere</i>, vol. 16, no. 11. Copernicus Publications, pp. 4701–4725, 2022.","chicago":"Kneib, Marin, Evan S. Miles, Pascal Buri, Stefan Fugger, Michael McCarthy, Thomas E. Shaw, Zhao Chuanxi, et al. “Sub-Seasonal Variability of Supraglacial Ice Cliff Melt Rates and Associated Processes from Time-Lapse Photogrammetry.” <i>The Cryosphere</i>. Copernicus Publications, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4701-2022\">https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4701-2022</a>.","apa":"Kneib, M., Miles, E. S., Buri, P., Fugger, S., McCarthy, M., Shaw, T. E., … Pellicciotti, F. (2022). Sub-seasonal variability of supraglacial ice cliff melt rates and associated processes from time-lapse photogrammetry. <i>The Cryosphere</i>. Copernicus Publications. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4701-2022\">https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4701-2022</a>","ama":"Kneib M, Miles ES, Buri P, et al. Sub-seasonal variability of supraglacial ice cliff melt rates and associated processes from time-lapse photogrammetry. <i>The Cryosphere</i>. 2022;16(11):4701-4725. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4701-2022\">10.5194/tc-16-4701-2022</a>","ista":"Kneib M, Miles ES, Buri P, Fugger S, McCarthy M, Shaw TE, Chuanxi Z, Truffer M, Westoby MJ, Yang W, Pellicciotti F. 2022. Sub-seasonal variability of supraglacial ice cliff melt rates and associated processes from time-lapse photogrammetry. The Cryosphere. 16(11), 4701–4725.","mla":"Kneib, Marin, et al. “Sub-Seasonal Variability of Supraglacial Ice Cliff Melt Rates and Associated Processes from Time-Lapse Photogrammetry.” <i>The Cryosphere</i>, vol. 16, no. 11, Copernicus Publications, 2022, pp. 4701–25, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4701-2022\">10.5194/tc-16-4701-2022</a>.","short":"M. Kneib, E.S. Miles, P. Buri, S. Fugger, M. McCarthy, T.E. Shaw, Z. Chuanxi, M. Truffer, M.J. Westoby, W. Yang, F. Pellicciotti, The Cryosphere 16 (2022) 4701–4725."},"date_updated":"2023-02-28T13:59:22Z","extern":"1","volume":16},{"keyword":["Earth-Surface Processes","Water Science and Technology"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","month":"05","publication":"The Cryosphere","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1697-2022","open_access":"1"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1994-0424"]},"oa":1,"type":"journal_article","date_published":"2022-05-05T00:00:00Z","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","article_type":"original","quality_controlled":"1","page":"1697-1718","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:10:09Z","article_processing_charge":"No","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        16","title":"Modelling supraglacial debris-cover evolution from the single-glacier to the regional scale: An application to High Mountain Asia","scopus_import":"1","_id":"12578","issue":"5","author":[{"first_name":"Loris","last_name":"Compagno","full_name":"Compagno, Loris"},{"full_name":"Huss, Matthias","first_name":"Matthias","last_name":"Huss"},{"first_name":"Evan Stewart","last_name":"Miles","full_name":"Miles, Evan Stewart"},{"first_name":"Michael James","last_name":"McCarthy","full_name":"McCarthy, Michael James"},{"first_name":"Harry","last_name":"Zekollari","full_name":"Zekollari, Harry"},{"last_name":"Dehecq","first_name":"Amaury","full_name":"Dehecq, Amaury"},{"id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti"},{"full_name":"Farinotti, Daniel","last_name":"Farinotti","first_name":"Daniel"}],"volume":16,"extern":"1","day":"05","doi":"10.5194/tc-16-1697-2022","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Currently, about 12 %–13 % of High Mountain Asia’s glacier area is debris-covered, which alters its surface mass balance. However, in regional-scale modelling approaches, debris-covered glaciers are typically treated as clean-ice glaciers, leading to a bias when modelling their future evolution. Here, we present a new approach for modelling debris area and thickness evolution, applicable from single glaciers to the global scale. We derive a parameterization and implement it as a module into the Global Glacier Evolution Model (GloGEMflow), a combined mass-balance ice-flow model. The module is initialized with both glacier-specific observations of the debris' spatial distribution and estimates of debris thickness. These data sets account for the fact that debris can either enhance or reduce surface melt depending on thickness. Our model approach also enables representing the spatiotemporal evolution of debris extent and thickness. We calibrate and evaluate the module on a selected subset of glaciers and apply GloGEMflow using different climate scenarios to project the future evolution of all glaciers in High Mountain Asia until 2100. Explicitly accounting for debris cover has only a minor effect on the projected mass loss, which is in line with previous projections. Despite this small effect, we argue that the improved process representation is of added value when aiming at capturing intra-glacier scales, i.e. spatial mass-balance distribution.\r\nDepending on the climate scenario, the mean debris-cover fraction is expected to increase, while mean debris thickness is projected to show only minor changes, although large local thickening is expected. To isolate the influence of explicitly accounting for supraglacial debris cover, we re-compute glacier evolution without the debris-cover module. We show that glacier geometry, area, volume, and flow velocity evolve differently, especially at the level of individual glaciers. This highlights the importance of accounting for debris cover and its spatiotemporal evolution when projecting future glacier changes."}],"citation":{"ista":"Compagno L, Huss M, Miles ES, McCarthy MJ, Zekollari H, Dehecq A, Pellicciotti F, Farinotti D. 2022. Modelling supraglacial debris-cover evolution from the single-glacier to the regional scale: An application to High Mountain Asia. The Cryosphere. 16(5), 1697–1718.","mla":"Compagno, Loris, et al. “Modelling Supraglacial Debris-Cover Evolution from the Single-Glacier to the Regional Scale: An Application to High Mountain Asia.” <i>The Cryosphere</i>, vol. 16, no. 5, Copernicus Publications, 2022, pp. 1697–718, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1697-2022\">10.5194/tc-16-1697-2022</a>.","short":"L. Compagno, M. Huss, E.S. Miles, M.J. McCarthy, H. Zekollari, A. Dehecq, F. Pellicciotti, D. Farinotti, The Cryosphere 16 (2022) 1697–1718.","ieee":"L. Compagno <i>et al.</i>, “Modelling supraglacial debris-cover evolution from the single-glacier to the regional scale: An application to High Mountain Asia,” <i>The Cryosphere</i>, vol. 16, no. 5. Copernicus Publications, pp. 1697–1718, 2022.","chicago":"Compagno, Loris, Matthias Huss, Evan Stewart Miles, Michael James McCarthy, Harry Zekollari, Amaury Dehecq, Francesca Pellicciotti, and Daniel Farinotti. “Modelling Supraglacial Debris-Cover Evolution from the Single-Glacier to the Regional Scale: An Application to High Mountain Asia.” <i>The Cryosphere</i>. Copernicus Publications, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1697-2022\">https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1697-2022</a>.","apa":"Compagno, L., Huss, M., Miles, E. S., McCarthy, M. J., Zekollari, H., Dehecq, A., … Farinotti, D. (2022). Modelling supraglacial debris-cover evolution from the single-glacier to the regional scale: An application to High Mountain Asia. <i>The Cryosphere</i>. Copernicus Publications. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1697-2022\">https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1697-2022</a>","ama":"Compagno L, Huss M, Miles ES, et al. Modelling supraglacial debris-cover evolution from the single-glacier to the regional scale: An application to High Mountain Asia. <i>The Cryosphere</i>. 2022;16(5):1697-1718. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1697-2022\">10.5194/tc-16-1697-2022</a>"},"year":"2022","date_updated":"2023-02-28T13:47:17Z"},{"volume":16,"extern":"1","doi":"10.5194/tc-16-1631-2022","day":"05","abstract":[{"text":"The Indian and East Asian summer monsoons shape the melt and accumulation patterns of glaciers in High Mountain Asia in complex ways due to the interaction of persistent cloud cover, large temperature ranges, high atmospheric water content and high precipitation rates. Glacier energy- and mass-balance modelling using in situ measurements offers insights into the ways in which surface processes are shaped by climatic regimes. In this study, we use a full energy- and mass-balance model and seven on-glacier automatic weather station datasets from different parts of the Central and Eastern Himalaya to investigate how monsoon conditions influence the glacier surface energy and mass balance. In particular, we look at how debris-covered and debris-free glaciers respond differently to monsoonal conditions.\r\nThe radiation budget primarily controls the melt of clean-ice glaciers, but turbulent fluxes play an important role in modulating the melt energy on debris-covered glaciers. The sensible heat flux decreases during core monsoon, but the latent heat flux cools the surface due to evaporation of liquid water. This interplay of radiative and turbulent fluxes causes debris-covered glacier melt rates to stay almost constant through the different phases of the monsoon. Ice melt under thin debris, on the other hand, is amplified by both the dark surface and the turbulent fluxes, which intensify melt during monsoon through surface heating and condensation.\r\nPre-monsoon snow cover can considerably delay melt onset and have a strong impact on the seasonal mass balance. Intermittent monsoon snow cover lowers the melt rates at high elevation. This work is fundamental to the understanding of the present and future Himalayan cryosphere and water budget, while informing and motivating further glacier- and catchment-scale research using process-based models.","lang":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2023-02-28T13:45:01Z","citation":{"ama":"Fugger S, Fyffe CL, Fatichi S, et al. Understanding monsoon controls on the energy and mass balance of glaciers in the Central and Eastern Himalaya. <i>The Cryosphere</i>. 2022;16(5):1631-1652. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1631-2022\">10.5194/tc-16-1631-2022</a>","apa":"Fugger, S., Fyffe, C. L., Fatichi, S., Miles, E., McCarthy, M., Shaw, T. E., … Pellicciotti, F. (2022). Understanding monsoon controls on the energy and mass balance of glaciers in the Central and Eastern Himalaya. <i>The Cryosphere</i>. Copernicus Publications. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1631-2022\">https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1631-2022</a>","ieee":"S. Fugger <i>et al.</i>, “Understanding monsoon controls on the energy and mass balance of glaciers in the Central and Eastern Himalaya,” <i>The Cryosphere</i>, vol. 16, no. 5. Copernicus Publications, pp. 1631–1652, 2022.","chicago":"Fugger, Stefan, Catriona L. Fyffe, Simone Fatichi, Evan Miles, Michael McCarthy, Thomas E. Shaw, Baohong Ding, et al. “Understanding Monsoon Controls on the Energy and Mass Balance of Glaciers in the Central and Eastern Himalaya.” <i>The Cryosphere</i>. Copernicus Publications, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1631-2022\">https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1631-2022</a>.","short":"S. Fugger, C.L. Fyffe, S. Fatichi, E. Miles, M. McCarthy, T.E. Shaw, B. Ding, W. Yang, P. Wagnon, W. Immerzeel, Q. Liu, F. Pellicciotti, The Cryosphere 16 (2022) 1631–1652.","mla":"Fugger, Stefan, et al. “Understanding Monsoon Controls on the Energy and Mass Balance of Glaciers in the Central and Eastern Himalaya.” <i>The Cryosphere</i>, vol. 16, no. 5, Copernicus Publications, 2022, pp. 1631–52, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1631-2022\">10.5194/tc-16-1631-2022</a>.","ista":"Fugger S, Fyffe CL, Fatichi S, Miles E, McCarthy M, Shaw TE, Ding B, Yang W, Wagnon P, Immerzeel W, Liu Q, Pellicciotti F. 2022. Understanding monsoon controls on the energy and mass balance of glaciers in the Central and Eastern Himalaya. The Cryosphere. 16(5), 1631–1652."},"year":"2022","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","article_type":"original","page":"1631-1652","quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:10:16Z","article_processing_charge":"No","title":"Understanding monsoon controls on the energy and mass balance of glaciers in the Central and Eastern Himalaya","intvolume":"        16","_id":"12579","scopus_import":"1","author":[{"full_name":"Fugger, Stefan","last_name":"Fugger","first_name":"Stefan"},{"full_name":"Fyffe, Catriona L.","last_name":"Fyffe","first_name":"Catriona L."},{"full_name":"Fatichi, Simone","first_name":"Simone","last_name":"Fatichi"},{"last_name":"Miles","first_name":"Evan","full_name":"Miles, Evan"},{"last_name":"McCarthy","first_name":"Michael","full_name":"McCarthy, Michael"},{"first_name":"Thomas E.","last_name":"Shaw","full_name":"Shaw, Thomas E."},{"first_name":"Baohong","last_name":"Ding","full_name":"Ding, Baohong"},{"full_name":"Yang, Wei","last_name":"Yang","first_name":"Wei"},{"full_name":"Wagnon, Patrick","last_name":"Wagnon","first_name":"Patrick"},{"full_name":"Immerzeel, Walter","first_name":"Walter","last_name":"Immerzeel"},{"full_name":"Liu, Qiao","last_name":"Liu","first_name":"Qiao"},{"full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70"}],"issue":"5","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1631-2022","open_access":"1"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1994-0424"]},"oa":1,"date_published":"2022-05-05T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Earth-Surface Processes","Water Science and Technology"],"oa_version":"Published Version","month":"05","publication":"The Cryosphere"},{"publisher":"Copernicus Publications","article_type":"original","quality_controlled":"1","page":"23-42","article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:10:30Z","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        10","title":"Intensified paraglacial slope failures due to accelerating downwasting of a temperate glacier in Mt. Gongga, southeastern Tibetan Plateau","scopus_import":"1","_id":"12581","issue":"1","author":[{"first_name":"Yan","last_name":"Zhong","full_name":"Zhong, Yan"},{"last_name":"Liu","first_name":"Qiao","full_name":"Liu, Qiao"},{"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Westoby","full_name":"Westoby, Matthew"},{"full_name":"Nie, Yong","last_name":"Nie","first_name":"Yong"},{"id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","last_name":"Pellicciotti","first_name":"Francesca","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca"},{"full_name":"Zhang, Bo","last_name":"Zhang","first_name":"Bo"},{"last_name":"Cai","first_name":"Jialun","full_name":"Cai, Jialun"},{"full_name":"Liu, Guoxiang","first_name":"Guoxiang","last_name":"Liu"},{"first_name":"Haijun","last_name":"Liao","full_name":"Liao, Haijun"},{"last_name":"Lu","first_name":"Xuyang","full_name":"Lu, Xuyang"}],"volume":10,"extern":"1","day":"11","doi":"10.5194/esurf-10-23-2022","abstract":[{"text":"Topographic development via paraglacial slope failure (PSF) represents a complex interplay between geological structure, climate, and glacial denudation. Southeastern Tibet has experienced amongst the highest rates of ice mass loss in High Mountain Asia in recent decades, but few studies have focused on the implications of this mass loss on the stability of paraglacial slopes. We used repeat satellite- and unpiloted aerial vehicle (UAV)-derived imagery between 1990 and 2020 as the basis for mapping PSFs from slopes adjacent to Hailuogou Glacier (HLG), a 5 km long monsoon temperate valley glacier in the Mt. Gongga region. We observed recent lowering of the glacier tongue surface at rates of up to 0.88 m a−1 in the period 2000 to 2016, whilst overall paraglacial bare ground area (PBGA) on glacier-adjacent slopes increased from 0.31 ± 0.27 km2 in 1990 to 1.38 ± 0.06 km2 in 2020. Decadal PBGA expansion rates were ∼ 0.01 km2 a−1, 0.02 km2 a−1, and 0.08 km2 in the periods 1990–2000, 2000–2011, and 2011–2020 respectively, indicating an increasing rate of expansion of PBGA. Three types of PSFs, including rockfalls, sediment-mantled slope slides, and headward gully erosion, were mapped, with a total area of 0.75 ± 0.03 km2 in 2020. South-facing valley slopes (true left of the glacier) exhibited more destabilization (56 % of the total PSF area) than north-facing (true right) valley slopes (44 % of the total PSF area). Deformation of sediment-mantled moraine slopes (mean 1.65–2.63 ± 0.04 cm d−1) and an increase in erosion activity in ice-marginal tributary valleys caused by a drop in local base level (gully headward erosion rates are 0.76–3.39 cm d−1) have occurred in tandem with recent glacier downwasting. We also observe deformation of glacier ice, possibly driven by destabilization of lateral moraine, as has been reported in other deglaciating mountain glacier catchments. The formation, evolution, and future trajectory of PSFs at HLG (as well as other monsoon-dominated deglaciating mountain areas) are related to glacial history, including recent rapid downwasting leading to the exposure of steep, unstable bedrock and moraine slopes, and climatic conditions that promote slope instability, such as very high seasonal precipitation and seasonal temperature fluctuations that are conducive to freeze–thaw and ice segregation processes.","lang":"eng"}],"citation":{"ista":"Zhong Y, Liu Q, Westoby M, Nie Y, Pellicciotti F, Zhang B, Cai J, Liu G, Liao H, Lu X. 2022. Intensified paraglacial slope failures due to accelerating downwasting of a temperate glacier in Mt. Gongga, southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Earth Surface Dynamics. 10(1), 23–42.","short":"Y. Zhong, Q. Liu, M. Westoby, Y. Nie, F. Pellicciotti, B. Zhang, J. Cai, G. Liu, H. Liao, X. Lu, Earth Surface Dynamics 10 (2022) 23–42.","mla":"Zhong, Yan, et al. “Intensified Paraglacial Slope Failures Due to Accelerating Downwasting of a Temperate Glacier in Mt. Gongga, Southeastern Tibetan Plateau.” <i>Earth Surface Dynamics</i>, vol. 10, no. 1, Copernicus Publications, 2022, pp. 23–42, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-23-2022\">10.5194/esurf-10-23-2022</a>.","chicago":"Zhong, Yan, Qiao Liu, Matthew Westoby, Yong Nie, Francesca Pellicciotti, Bo Zhang, Jialun Cai, Guoxiang Liu, Haijun Liao, and Xuyang Lu. “Intensified Paraglacial Slope Failures Due to Accelerating Downwasting of a Temperate Glacier in Mt. Gongga, Southeastern Tibetan Plateau.” <i>Earth Surface Dynamics</i>. Copernicus Publications, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-23-2022\">https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-23-2022</a>.","ieee":"Y. Zhong <i>et al.</i>, “Intensified paraglacial slope failures due to accelerating downwasting of a temperate glacier in Mt. Gongga, southeastern Tibetan Plateau,” <i>Earth Surface Dynamics</i>, vol. 10, no. 1. Copernicus Publications, pp. 23–42, 2022.","ama":"Zhong Y, Liu Q, Westoby M, et al. Intensified paraglacial slope failures due to accelerating downwasting of a temperate glacier in Mt. Gongga, southeastern Tibetan Plateau. <i>Earth Surface Dynamics</i>. 2022;10(1):23-42. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-23-2022\">10.5194/esurf-10-23-2022</a>","apa":"Zhong, Y., Liu, Q., Westoby, M., Nie, Y., Pellicciotti, F., Zhang, B., … Lu, X. (2022). Intensified paraglacial slope failures due to accelerating downwasting of a temperate glacier in Mt. Gongga, southeastern Tibetan Plateau. <i>Earth Surface Dynamics</i>. Copernicus Publications. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-23-2022\">https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-23-2022</a>"},"year":"2022","date_updated":"2023-02-28T13:38:27Z","keyword":["Earth-Surface Processes","Geophysics"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","month":"01","publication":"Earth Surface Dynamics","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-23-2022","open_access":"1"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2196-632X"]},"oa":1,"type":"journal_article","date_published":"2022-01-11T00:00:00Z"},{"status":"public","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006179"}],"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2169-9003","2169-9011"]},"date_published":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Earth-Surface Processes","Geophysics"],"month":"10","article_number":"e2021JF006179","oa_version":"Published Version","publication":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","extern":"1","volume":126,"abstract":[{"text":"Ice cliffs are common on debris-covered glaciers and have relatively high melt rates due to their direct exposure to incoming radiation. Previous studies have shown that their number and relative area can change considerably from year to year, but this variability has not been explored, in part because available cliff observations are irregular. Here, we systematically mapped and tracked ice cliffs across four debris-covered glaciers in High Mountain Asia for every late ablation season from 2009 to 2019 using high-resolution multi-spectral satellite imagery. We then quantified the processes occurring at the feature scale to train a stochastic birth-death model to represent the cliff population dynamics. Our results show that while the cliff relative area can change by up to 20% from year to year, the natural long-term variability is constrained, thus defining a glacier-specific cliff carrying capacity. In a subsequent step, the inclusion of external drivers related to climate, glacier dynamics, and hydrology highlights the influence of these variables on the cliff population dynamics, which is usually not a direct one due to the complexity and interdependence of the processes taking place at the glacier surface. In some extreme cases (here, a glacier surge), these external drivers may lead to a reorganization of the cliffs at the glacier surface and a change in the natural variability. These results have implications for the melt of debris-covered glaciers, in addition to showing the high rate of changes at their surface and highlighting some of the links between cliff population and glacier state.","lang":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1029/2021jf006179","day":"01","date_updated":"2023-02-28T13:18:26Z","year":"2021","citation":{"ama":"Kneib M, Miles ES, Buri P, et al. Interannual dynamics of ice cliff populations on debris‐covered glaciers from remote sensing observations and stochastic modeling. <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface</i>. 2021;126(10). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jf006179\">10.1029/2021jf006179</a>","apa":"Kneib, M., Miles, E. S., Buri, P., Molnar, P., McCarthy, M., Fugger, S., &#38; Pellicciotti, F. (2021). Interannual dynamics of ice cliff populations on debris‐covered glaciers from remote sensing observations and stochastic modeling. <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface</i>. American Geophysical Union. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jf006179\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jf006179</a>","chicago":"Kneib, M., E. S. Miles, P. Buri, P. Molnar, M. McCarthy, S. Fugger, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Interannual Dynamics of Ice Cliff Populations on Debris‐covered Glaciers from Remote Sensing Observations and Stochastic Modeling.” <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface</i>. American Geophysical Union, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jf006179\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jf006179</a>.","ieee":"M. Kneib <i>et al.</i>, “Interannual dynamics of ice cliff populations on debris‐covered glaciers from remote sensing observations and stochastic modeling,” <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface</i>, vol. 126, no. 10. American Geophysical Union, 2021.","mla":"Kneib, M., et al. “Interannual Dynamics of Ice Cliff Populations on Debris‐covered Glaciers from Remote Sensing Observations and Stochastic Modeling.” <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface</i>, vol. 126, no. 10, e2021JF006179, American Geophysical Union, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jf006179\">10.1029/2021jf006179</a>.","short":"M. Kneib, E.S. Miles, P. Buri, P. Molnar, M. McCarthy, S. Fugger, F. Pellicciotti, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface 126 (2021).","ista":"Kneib M, Miles ES, Buri P, Molnar P, McCarthy M, Fugger S, Pellicciotti F. 2021. Interannual dynamics of ice cliff populations on debris‐covered glaciers from remote sensing observations and stochastic modeling. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface. 126(10), e2021JF006179."},"article_type":"original","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","quality_controlled":"1","title":"Interannual dynamics of ice cliff populations on debris‐covered glaciers from remote sensing observations and stochastic modeling","intvolume":"       126","publication_status":"published","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:11:36Z","article_processing_charge":"No","author":[{"last_name":"Kneib","first_name":"M.","full_name":"Kneib, M."},{"last_name":"Miles","first_name":"E. S.","full_name":"Miles, E. S."},{"last_name":"Buri","first_name":"P.","full_name":"Buri, P."},{"last_name":"Molnar","first_name":"P.","full_name":"Molnar, P."},{"full_name":"McCarthy, M.","last_name":"McCarthy","first_name":"M."},{"full_name":"Fugger, S.","last_name":"Fugger","first_name":"S."},{"last_name":"Pellicciotti","first_name":"Francesca","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70"}],"issue":"10","_id":"12586","scopus_import":"1"},{"month":"02","oa_version":"Published Version","publication":"The Cryosphere","keyword":["Earth-Surface Processes","Water Science and Technology"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1994-0424"]},"type":"journal_article","date_published":"2021-02-09T00:00:00Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","status":"public","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-595-2021","open_access":"1"}],"intvolume":"        15","title":"Distributed summer air temperatures across mountain glaciers in the south-east Tibetan Plateau: Temperature sensitivity and comparison with existing glacier datasets","article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:11:56Z","publication_status":"published","issue":"2","author":[{"first_name":"Thomas E.","last_name":"Shaw","full_name":"Shaw, Thomas E."},{"first_name":"Wei","last_name":"Yang","full_name":"Yang, Wei"},{"last_name":"Ayala","first_name":"Álvaro","full_name":"Ayala, Álvaro"},{"full_name":"Bravo, Claudio","first_name":"Claudio","last_name":"Bravo"},{"last_name":"Zhao","first_name":"Chuanxi","full_name":"Zhao, Chuanxi"},{"full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70"}],"scopus_import":"1","_id":"12589","article_type":"original","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","quality_controlled":"1","page":"595-614","abstract":[{"text":"Near-surface air temperature (Ta) is highly important for modelling glacier ablation, though its spatio-temporal variability over melting glaciers still remains largely unknown. We present a new dataset of distributed Ta for three glaciers of different size in the south-east Tibetan Plateau during two monsoon-dominated summer seasons. We compare on-glacier Ta to ambient Ta extrapolated from several local off-glacier stations. We parameterise the along-flowline sensitivity of Ta on these glaciers to changes in off-glacier temperatures (referred to as “temperature sensitivity”) and present the results in the context of available distributed on-glacier datasets around the world. Temperature sensitivity decreases rapidly up to 2000–3000 m along the down-glacier flowline distance. Beyond this distance, both the Ta on the Tibetan glaciers and global glacier datasets show little additional cooling relative to the off-glacier temperature. In general, Ta on small glaciers (with flowline distances <1000 m) is highly sensitive to temperature changes outside the glacier boundary layer. The climatology of a given region can influence the general magnitude of this temperature sensitivity, though no strong relationships are found between along-flowline temperature sensitivity and mean summer temperatures or precipitation. The terminus of some glaciers is affected by other warm-air processes that increase temperature sensitivity (such as divergent boundary layer flow, warm up-valley winds or debris/valley heating effects) which are evident only beyond ∼70 % of the total glacier flowline distance. Our results therefore suggest a strong role of local effects in modulating temperature sensitivity close to the glacier terminus, although further work is still required to explain the variability of these effects for different glaciers.","lang":"eng"}],"day":"09","doi":"10.5194/tc-15-595-2021","citation":{"apa":"Shaw, T. E., Yang, W., Ayala, Á., Bravo, C., Zhao, C., &#38; Pellicciotti, F. (2021). Distributed summer air temperatures across mountain glaciers in the south-east Tibetan Plateau: Temperature sensitivity and comparison with existing glacier datasets. <i>The Cryosphere</i>. Copernicus Publications. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-595-2021\">https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-595-2021</a>","ama":"Shaw TE, Yang W, Ayala Á, Bravo C, Zhao C, Pellicciotti F. Distributed summer air temperatures across mountain glaciers in the south-east Tibetan Plateau: Temperature sensitivity and comparison with existing glacier datasets. <i>The Cryosphere</i>. 2021;15(2):595-614. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-595-2021\">10.5194/tc-15-595-2021</a>","ieee":"T. E. Shaw, W. Yang, Á. Ayala, C. Bravo, C. Zhao, and F. Pellicciotti, “Distributed summer air temperatures across mountain glaciers in the south-east Tibetan Plateau: Temperature sensitivity and comparison with existing glacier datasets,” <i>The Cryosphere</i>, vol. 15, no. 2. Copernicus Publications, pp. 595–614, 2021.","chicago":"Shaw, Thomas E., Wei Yang, Álvaro Ayala, Claudio Bravo, Chuanxi Zhao, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Distributed Summer Air Temperatures across Mountain Glaciers in the South-East Tibetan Plateau: Temperature Sensitivity and Comparison with Existing Glacier Datasets.” <i>The Cryosphere</i>. Copernicus Publications, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-595-2021\">https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-595-2021</a>.","short":"T.E. Shaw, W. Yang, Á. Ayala, C. Bravo, C. Zhao, F. Pellicciotti, The Cryosphere 15 (2021) 595–614.","mla":"Shaw, Thomas E., et al. “Distributed Summer Air Temperatures across Mountain Glaciers in the South-East Tibetan Plateau: Temperature Sensitivity and Comparison with Existing Glacier Datasets.” <i>The Cryosphere</i>, vol. 15, no. 2, Copernicus Publications, 2021, pp. 595–614, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-595-2021\">10.5194/tc-15-595-2021</a>.","ista":"Shaw TE, Yang W, Ayala Á, Bravo C, Zhao C, Pellicciotti F. 2021. Distributed summer air temperatures across mountain glaciers in the south-east Tibetan Plateau: Temperature sensitivity and comparison with existing glacier datasets. The Cryosphere. 15(2), 595–614."},"year":"2021","date_updated":"2023-02-28T12:58:27Z","extern":"1","volume":15},{"keyword":["Earth-Surface Processes","Water Science and Technology"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"06","oa_version":"Published Version","publication":"The Cryosphere","status":"public","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2005-2020","open_access":"1"}],"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1994-0424"]},"type":"journal_article","date_published":"2020-06-24T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","quality_controlled":"1","page":"2005-2027","intvolume":"        14","title":"Glacier runoff variations since 1955 in the Maipo River basin, in the semiarid Andes of central Chile","article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:12:36Z","publication_status":"published","issue":"6","author":[{"full_name":"Ayala, Álvaro","first_name":"Álvaro","last_name":"Ayala"},{"last_name":"Farías-Barahona","first_name":"David","full_name":"Farías-Barahona, David"},{"last_name":"Huss","first_name":"Matthias","full_name":"Huss, Matthias"},{"id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca"},{"full_name":"McPhee, James","last_name":"McPhee","first_name":"James"},{"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Farinotti","full_name":"Farinotti, Daniel"}],"scopus_import":"1","_id":"12596","extern":"1","volume":14,"abstract":[{"text":"As glaciers adjust their size in response to climate variations, long-term changes in meltwater production can be expected, affecting the local availability of water resources. We investigate glacier runoff in the period 1955–2016 in the Maipo River basin (4843 km2, 33.0–34.3∘ S, 69.8–70.5∘ W), in the semiarid Andes of Chile. The basin contains more than 800 glaciers, which cover 378 km2 in total (inventoried in 2000). We model the mass balance and runoff contribution of 26 glaciers with the physically oriented and fully distributed TOPKAPI (Topographic Kinematic Approximation and Integration)-ETH glacio-hydrological model and extrapolate the results to the entire basin. TOPKAPI-ETH is run at a daily time step using several glaciological and meteorological datasets, and its results are evaluated against streamflow records, remotely sensed snow cover, and geodetic mass balances for the periods 1955–2000 and 2000–2013. Results show that in 1955–2016 glacier mass balance had a general decreasing trend as a basin average but also had differences between the main sub-catchments. Glacier volume decreased by one-fifth (from 18.6±4.5 to 14.9±2.9 km3). Runoff from the initially glacierized areas was 177±25 mm yr−1 (16±7 % of the total contributions to the basin), but it shows a decreasing sequence of maxima, which can be linked to the interplay between a decrease in precipitation since the 1980s and the reduction of ice melt. Glaciers in the Maipo River basin will continue retreating because they are not in equilibrium with the current climate. In a hypothetical constant climate scenario, glacier volume would reduce to 81±38 % of the year 2000 volume, and glacier runoff would be 78±30 % of the 1955–2016 average. This would considerably decrease the drought mitigation capacity of the basin.","lang":"eng"}],"day":"24","doi":"10.5194/tc-14-2005-2020","citation":{"short":"Á. Ayala, D. Farías-Barahona, M. Huss, F. Pellicciotti, J. McPhee, D. Farinotti, The Cryosphere 14 (2020) 2005–2027.","mla":"Ayala, Álvaro, et al. “Glacier Runoff Variations since 1955 in the Maipo River Basin, in the Semiarid Andes of Central Chile.” <i>The Cryosphere</i>, vol. 14, no. 6, Copernicus Publications, 2020, pp. 2005–27, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2005-2020\">10.5194/tc-14-2005-2020</a>.","ista":"Ayala Á, Farías-Barahona D, Huss M, Pellicciotti F, McPhee J, Farinotti D. 2020. Glacier runoff variations since 1955 in the Maipo River basin, in the semiarid Andes of central Chile. The Cryosphere. 14(6), 2005–2027.","ama":"Ayala Á, Farías-Barahona D, Huss M, Pellicciotti F, McPhee J, Farinotti D. Glacier runoff variations since 1955 in the Maipo River basin, in the semiarid Andes of central Chile. <i>The Cryosphere</i>. 2020;14(6):2005-2027. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2005-2020\">10.5194/tc-14-2005-2020</a>","apa":"Ayala, Á., Farías-Barahona, D., Huss, M., Pellicciotti, F., McPhee, J., &#38; Farinotti, D. (2020). Glacier runoff variations since 1955 in the Maipo River basin, in the semiarid Andes of central Chile. <i>The Cryosphere</i>. Copernicus Publications. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2005-2020\">https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2005-2020</a>","ieee":"Á. Ayala, D. Farías-Barahona, M. Huss, F. Pellicciotti, J. McPhee, and D. Farinotti, “Glacier runoff variations since 1955 in the Maipo River basin, in the semiarid Andes of central Chile,” <i>The Cryosphere</i>, vol. 14, no. 6. Copernicus Publications, pp. 2005–2027, 2020.","chicago":"Ayala, Álvaro, David Farías-Barahona, Matthias Huss, Francesca Pellicciotti, James McPhee, and Daniel Farinotti. “Glacier Runoff Variations since 1955 in the Maipo River Basin, in the Semiarid Andes of Central Chile.” <i>The Cryosphere</i>. Copernicus Publications, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2005-2020\">https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2005-2020</a>."},"year":"2020","date_updated":"2023-02-28T12:32:31Z"},{"type":"journal_article","date_published":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1727-5652"],"issn":["0022-1430"]},"status":"public","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.12","open_access":"1"}],"publication":"Journal of Glaciology","month":"06","oa_version":"Published Version","keyword":["Earth-Surface Processes"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2020","citation":{"apa":"Troxler, P., Ayala, Á., Shaw, T. E., Nolan, M., Brock, B. W., &#38; Pellicciotti, F. (2020). Modelling spatial patterns of near-surface air temperature over a decade of melt seasons on McCall Glacier, Alaska. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.12\">https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.12</a>","ama":"Troxler P, Ayala Á, Shaw TE, Nolan M, Brock BW, Pellicciotti F. Modelling spatial patterns of near-surface air temperature over a decade of melt seasons on McCall Glacier, Alaska. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. 2020;66(257):386-400. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.12\">10.1017/jog.2020.12</a>","ieee":"P. Troxler, Á. Ayala, T. E. Shaw, M. Nolan, B. W. Brock, and F. Pellicciotti, “Modelling spatial patterns of near-surface air temperature over a decade of melt seasons on McCall Glacier, Alaska,” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 66, no. 257. Cambridge University Press, pp. 386–400, 2020.","chicago":"Troxler, Patrick, Álvaro Ayala, Thomas E. Shaw, Matt Nolan, Ben W. Brock, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Modelling Spatial Patterns of Near-Surface Air Temperature over a Decade of Melt Seasons on McCall Glacier, Alaska.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.12\">https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.12</a>.","short":"P. Troxler, Á. Ayala, T.E. Shaw, M. Nolan, B.W. Brock, F. Pellicciotti, Journal of Glaciology 66 (2020) 386–400.","mla":"Troxler, Patrick, et al. “Modelling Spatial Patterns of Near-Surface Air Temperature over a Decade of Melt Seasons on McCall Glacier, Alaska.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 66, no. 257, Cambridge University Press, 2020, pp. 386–400, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.12\">10.1017/jog.2020.12</a>.","ista":"Troxler P, Ayala Á, Shaw TE, Nolan M, Brock BW, Pellicciotti F. 2020. Modelling spatial patterns of near-surface air temperature over a decade of melt seasons on McCall Glacier, Alaska. Journal of Glaciology. 66(257), 386–400."},"date_updated":"2023-02-28T12:28:45Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We examine the spatial patterns of near-surface air temperature (Ta) over a melting glacier using a multi-annual dataset from McCall Glacier, Alaska. The dataset consists of a 10-year (2005–2014) meteorological record along the glacier centreline up to an upper glacier cirque, spanning an elevation difference of 900 m. We test the validity of on-glacier linear lapse rates, and a model that calculates Ta based on the influence of katabatic winds and other heat sources along the glacier flow line. During the coldest hours of each summer (10% of time), average lapse rates across the entire glacier range from −4.7 to −6.7°C km−1, with a strong relationship between Ta and elevation (R2 > 0.7). During warm conditions, Ta shows more complex, non-linear patterns that are better explained by the flow line-dependent model, reducing errors by up to 0.5°C compared with linear lapse rates, although more uncertainty might be associated with these observations due to occasionally poor sensor ventilation. We conclude that Ta spatial distribution can vary significantly from year to year, and from one glacier section to another. Importantly, extrapolations using linear lapse rates from the ablation zone might lead to large underestimations of Ta on the upper glacier areas."}],"day":"01","doi":"10.1017/jog.2020.12","extern":"1","volume":66,"issue":"257","author":[{"full_name":"Troxler, Patrick","last_name":"Troxler","first_name":"Patrick"},{"full_name":"Ayala, Álvaro","last_name":"Ayala","first_name":"Álvaro"},{"full_name":"Shaw, Thomas E.","last_name":"Shaw","first_name":"Thomas E."},{"full_name":"Nolan, Matt","first_name":"Matt","last_name":"Nolan"},{"full_name":"Brock, Ben W.","first_name":"Ben W.","last_name":"Brock"},{"id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca"}],"scopus_import":"1","_id":"12597","intvolume":"        66","title":"Modelling spatial patterns of near-surface air temperature over a decade of melt seasons on McCall Glacier, Alaska","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:12:42Z","article_processing_charge":"No","publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","page":"386-400","article_type":"original","publisher":"Cambridge University Press"},{"citation":{"mla":"Herreid, Sam, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Automated Detection of Ice Cliffs within Supraglacial Debris Cover.” <i>The Cryosphere</i>, vol. 12, no. 5, Copernicus Publications, 2018, pp. 1811–29, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1811-2018\">10.5194/tc-12-1811-2018</a>.","short":"S. Herreid, F. Pellicciotti, The Cryosphere 12 (2018) 1811–1829.","ista":"Herreid S, Pellicciotti F. 2018. Automated detection of ice cliffs within supraglacial debris cover. The Cryosphere. 12(5), 1811–1829.","apa":"Herreid, S., &#38; Pellicciotti, F. (2018). Automated detection of ice cliffs within supraglacial debris cover. <i>The Cryosphere</i>. Copernicus Publications. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1811-2018\">https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1811-2018</a>","ama":"Herreid S, Pellicciotti F. Automated detection of ice cliffs within supraglacial debris cover. <i>The Cryosphere</i>. 2018;12(5):1811-1829. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1811-2018\">10.5194/tc-12-1811-2018</a>","chicago":"Herreid, Sam, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Automated Detection of Ice Cliffs within Supraglacial Debris Cover.” <i>The Cryosphere</i>. Copernicus Publications, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1811-2018\">https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1811-2018</a>.","ieee":"S. Herreid and F. Pellicciotti, “Automated detection of ice cliffs within supraglacial debris cover,” <i>The Cryosphere</i>, vol. 12, no. 5. Copernicus Publications, pp. 1811–1829, 2018."},"year":"2018","date_updated":"2023-02-28T11:39:26Z","day":"31","doi":"10.5194/tc-12-1811-2018","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Ice cliffs within a supraglacial debris cover have been identified as a source for high ablation relative to the surrounding debris-covered area. Due to their small relative size and steep orientation, ice cliffs are difficult to detect using nadir-looking space borne sensors. The method presented here uses surface slopes calculated from digital elevation model (DEM) data to map ice cliff geometry and produce an ice cliff probability map. Surface slope thresholds, which can be sensitive to geographic location and/or data quality, are selected automatically. The method also attempts to include area at the (often narrowing) ends of ice cliffs which could otherwise be neglected due to signal saturation in surface slope data. The method was calibrated in the eastern Alaska Range, Alaska, USA, against a control ice cliff dataset derived from high-resolution visible and thermal data. Using the same input parameter set that performed best in Alaska, the method was tested against ice cliffs manually mapped in the Khumbu Himal, Nepal. Our results suggest the method can accommodate different glaciological settings and different DEM data sources without a data intensive (high-resolution, multi-data source) recalibration."}],"volume":12,"extern":"1","scopus_import":"1","_id":"12606","issue":"5","author":[{"last_name":"Herreid","first_name":"Sam","full_name":"Herreid, Sam"},{"full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti","first_name":"Francesca","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70"}],"date_created":"2023-02-20T08:13:36Z","article_processing_charge":"No","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        12","title":"Automated detection of ice cliffs within supraglacial debris cover","quality_controlled":"1","page":"1811-1829","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","article_type":"original","type":"journal_article","date_published":"2018-05-31T00:00:00Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1994-0424"]},"oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1811-2018","open_access":"1"}],"status":"public","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publication":"The Cryosphere","oa_version":"Published Version","month":"05","keyword":["Earth-Surface Processes","Water Science and Technology"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Earth-Surface Processes"],"publication":"Journal of Glaciology","oa_version":"Published Version","month":"12","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.65"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","status":"public","date_published":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1727-5652"],"issn":["0022-1430"]},"oa":1,"page":"973-988","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","article_type":"original","_id":"12608","scopus_import":"1","author":[{"full_name":"SHAW, THOMAS E.","first_name":"THOMAS E.","last_name":"SHAW"},{"full_name":"BROCK, BEN W.","last_name":"BROCK","first_name":"BEN W."},{"full_name":"AYALA, ÁLVARO","first_name":"ÁLVARO","last_name":"AYALA"},{"full_name":"RUTTER, NICK","first_name":"NICK","last_name":"RUTTER"},{"full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti","first_name":"Francesca","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70"}],"issue":"242","publication_status":"published","article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:13:47Z","title":"Centreline and cross-glacier air temperature variability on an Alpine glacier: Assessing temperature distribution methods and their influence on melt model calculations","intvolume":"        63","volume":63,"extern":"1","date_updated":"2023-02-28T11:30:34Z","year":"2017","citation":{"short":"T.E. SHAW, B.W. BROCK, Á. AYALA, N. RUTTER, F. Pellicciotti, Journal of Glaciology 63 (2017) 973–988.","mla":"SHAW, THOMAS E., et al. “Centreline and Cross-Glacier Air Temperature Variability on an Alpine Glacier: Assessing Temperature Distribution Methods and Their Influence on Melt Model Calculations.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 63, no. 242, Cambridge University Press, 2017, pp. 973–88, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.65\">10.1017/jog.2017.65</a>.","ista":"SHAW TE, BROCK BW, AYALA Á, RUTTER N, Pellicciotti F. 2017. Centreline and cross-glacier air temperature variability on an Alpine glacier: Assessing temperature distribution methods and their influence on melt model calculations. Journal of Glaciology. 63(242), 973–988.","apa":"SHAW, T. E., BROCK, B. W., AYALA, Á., RUTTER, N., &#38; Pellicciotti, F. (2017). Centreline and cross-glacier air temperature variability on an Alpine glacier: Assessing temperature distribution methods and their influence on melt model calculations. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.65\">https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.65</a>","ama":"SHAW TE, BROCK BW, AYALA Á, RUTTER N, Pellicciotti F. Centreline and cross-glacier air temperature variability on an Alpine glacier: Assessing temperature distribution methods and their influence on melt model calculations. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. 2017;63(242):973-988. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.65\">10.1017/jog.2017.65</a>","ieee":"T. E. SHAW, B. W. BROCK, Á. AYALA, N. RUTTER, and F. Pellicciotti, “Centreline and cross-glacier air temperature variability on an Alpine glacier: Assessing temperature distribution methods and their influence on melt model calculations,” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 63, no. 242. Cambridge University Press, pp. 973–988, 2017.","chicago":"SHAW, THOMAS E., BEN W. BROCK, ÁLVARO AYALA, NICK RUTTER, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Centreline and Cross-Glacier Air Temperature Variability on an Alpine Glacier: Assessing Temperature Distribution Methods and Their Influence on Melt Model Calculations.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.65\">https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.65</a>."},"doi":"10.1017/jog.2017.65","day":"01","abstract":[{"text":"The spatio-temporal distribution of air temperature over mountain glaciers can demonstrate complex patterns, yet it is often represented simplistically using linear vertical temperature gradients (VTGs) extrapolated from off-glacier locations. We analyse a network of centreline and lateral air temperature observations at Tsanteleina Glacier, Italy, during summer 2015. On average, VTGs are steep (&lt;−0.0065 °C m<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>), but they are shallow under warm ambient conditions when the correlation between air temperature and elevation becomes weaker. Published along-flowline temperature distribution methods explain centreline observations well, including warming on the lower glacier tongue, but cannot estimate lateral temperature variability. Application of temperature distribution methods improves simulation of melt rates (RMSE) in an energy-balance model by up to 36% compared to the environmental lapse rate extrapolated from an off-glacier station. However, results suggest that model parameters are not easily transferable to glaciers with a small fetch without recalibration. Such methods have potential to improve estimates of temperature across a glacier, but their parameter transferability should be further linked to the glacier and atmospheric characteristics. Furthermore, ‘cold spots’, which can be &gt;2°C cooler than expected for their elevation, whose occurrence is not predicted by the temperature distribution models, are identified at one-quarter of the measurement sites.","lang":"eng"}]},{"article_type":"original","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","quality_controlled":"1","page":"803-822","intvolume":"        63","title":"Melt and surface sublimation across a glacier in a dry environment: distributed energy-balance modelling of Juncal Norte Glacier, Chile","article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:13:53Z","publication_status":"published","issue":"241","author":[{"full_name":"AYALA, A.","first_name":"A.","last_name":"AYALA"},{"full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70"},{"full_name":"PELEG, N.","first_name":"N.","last_name":"PELEG"},{"full_name":"BURLANDO, P.","first_name":"P.","last_name":"BURLANDO"}],"scopus_import":"1","_id":"12609","extern":"1","volume":63,"abstract":[{"text":"Previous estimates of melt and surface sublimation on glaciers of the subtropical semiarid Andes (29–34°S) have been obtained at few specific locations, but it is not clear how ablation components vary across the entire extent of a glacier in this dry environment. Here, we simulate the distributed energy and mass balance of Juncal Norte Glacier (33°S) during a 2-month summer period. Forcing fields of near-surface air temperature and wind speed are generated using two methods accounting for the main physical processes that shape their spatial variations. Simulated meteorological variables and ablation agree well with observations on the glacier tongue and reveal complex patterns of energy and mass fluxes. Ablation decreases from 70 mm w.e. d<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> at the low-albedo glacier terminus (~3000 m), where almost 100% of total ablation corresponds to melt, to &lt;5 mm w.e. d<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> at wind-exposed, strong-radiated sites above 5500 m, where surface sublimation represents &gt;75% of total ablation. Our simulations provide the first glacier-scale estimates of ablation components on a glacier in the study region and better reproduce the observed and expected spatial variations of melt and surface sublimation, in comparison with more simple assumptions, such as linear gradients and uniform wind speeds.","lang":"eng"}],"day":"01","doi":"10.1017/jog.2017.46","year":"2017","citation":{"ieee":"A. AYALA, F. Pellicciotti, N. PELEG, and P. BURLANDO, “Melt and surface sublimation across a glacier in a dry environment: distributed energy-balance modelling of Juncal Norte Glacier, Chile,” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 63, no. 241. Cambridge University Press, pp. 803–822, 2017.","chicago":"AYALA, A., Francesca Pellicciotti, N. PELEG, and P. BURLANDO. “Melt and Surface Sublimation across a Glacier in a Dry Environment: Distributed Energy-Balance Modelling of Juncal Norte Glacier, Chile.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.46\">https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.46</a>.","ama":"AYALA A, Pellicciotti F, PELEG N, BURLANDO P. Melt and surface sublimation across a glacier in a dry environment: distributed energy-balance modelling of Juncal Norte Glacier, Chile. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. 2017;63(241):803-822. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.46\">10.1017/jog.2017.46</a>","apa":"AYALA, A., Pellicciotti, F., PELEG, N., &#38; BURLANDO, P. (2017). Melt and surface sublimation across a glacier in a dry environment: distributed energy-balance modelling of Juncal Norte Glacier, Chile. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.46\">https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.46</a>","ista":"AYALA A, Pellicciotti F, PELEG N, BURLANDO P. 2017. Melt and surface sublimation across a glacier in a dry environment: distributed energy-balance modelling of Juncal Norte Glacier, Chile. Journal of Glaciology. 63(241), 803–822.","mla":"AYALA, A., et al. “Melt and Surface Sublimation across a Glacier in a Dry Environment: Distributed Energy-Balance Modelling of Juncal Norte Glacier, Chile.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 63, no. 241, Cambridge University Press, 2017, pp. 803–22, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.46\">10.1017/jog.2017.46</a>.","short":"A. AYALA, F. Pellicciotti, N. PELEG, P. BURLANDO, Journal of Glaciology 63 (2017) 803–822."},"date_updated":"2023-02-28T11:28:19Z","keyword":["Earth-Surface Processes"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"10","oa_version":"Published Version","publication":"Journal of Glaciology","status":"public","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.46","open_access":"1"}],"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1727-5652"],"issn":["0022-1430"]},"type":"journal_article","date_published":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z"},{"_id":"12612","scopus_import":"1","author":[{"full_name":"MILES, EVAN S.","first_name":"EVAN S.","last_name":"MILES"},{"last_name":"WILLIS","first_name":"IAN C.","full_name":"WILLIS, IAN C."},{"full_name":"ARNOLD, NEIL S.","first_name":"NEIL S.","last_name":"ARNOLD"},{"last_name":"STEINER","first_name":"JAKOB","full_name":"STEINER, JAKOB"},{"id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti"}],"issue":"237","publication_status":"published","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:14:16Z","article_processing_charge":"No","title":"Spatial, seasonal and interannual variability of supraglacial ponds in the Langtang Valley of Nepal, 1999–2013","intvolume":"        63","page":"88-105","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","article_type":"original","date_updated":"2023-02-24T11:38:31Z","year":"2017","citation":{"ista":"MILES ES, WILLIS IC, ARNOLD NS, STEINER J, Pellicciotti F. 2017. Spatial, seasonal and interannual variability of supraglacial ponds in the Langtang Valley of Nepal, 1999–2013. Journal of Glaciology. 63(237), 88–105.","mla":"MILES, EVAN S., et al. “Spatial, Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Supraglacial Ponds in the Langtang Valley of Nepal, 1999–2013.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 63, no. 237, Cambridge University Press, 2017, pp. 88–105, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.120\">10.1017/jog.2016.120</a>.","short":"E.S. MILES, I.C. WILLIS, N.S. ARNOLD, J. STEINER, F. Pellicciotti, Journal of Glaciology 63 (2017) 88–105.","ieee":"E. S. MILES, I. C. WILLIS, N. S. ARNOLD, J. STEINER, and F. Pellicciotti, “Spatial, seasonal and interannual variability of supraglacial ponds in the Langtang Valley of Nepal, 1999–2013,” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 63, no. 237. Cambridge University Press, pp. 88–105, 2017.","chicago":"MILES, EVAN S., IAN C. WILLIS, NEIL S. ARNOLD, JAKOB STEINER, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Spatial, Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Supraglacial Ponds in the Langtang Valley of Nepal, 1999–2013.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.120\">https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.120</a>.","apa":"MILES, E. S., WILLIS, I. C., ARNOLD, N. S., STEINER, J., &#38; Pellicciotti, F. (2017). Spatial, seasonal and interannual variability of supraglacial ponds in the Langtang Valley of Nepal, 1999–2013. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.120\">https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.120</a>","ama":"MILES ES, WILLIS IC, ARNOLD NS, STEINER J, Pellicciotti F. Spatial, seasonal and interannual variability of supraglacial ponds in the Langtang Valley of Nepal, 1999–2013. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. 2017;63(237):88-105. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.120\">10.1017/jog.2016.120</a>"},"doi":"10.1017/jog.2016.120","day":"01","abstract":[{"text":"Supraglacial ponds play a key role in absorbing atmospheric energy and directing it to the ice of debris-covered glaciers, but the spatial and temporal distribution of these features is not well documented. We analyse 172 Landsat TM/ETM+ scenes for the period 1999–2013 to identify thawed supraglacial ponds for the debris-covered tongues of five glaciers in the Langtang Valley of Nepal. We apply an advanced atmospheric correction routine (Landcor/6S) and use band ratio and image morphological techniques to identify ponds and validate our results with 2.5 m Cartosat-1 observations. We then characterize the spatial, seasonal and interannual patterns of ponds. We find high variability in pond incidence between glaciers (May–October means of 0.08–1.69% of debris area), with ponds most frequent in zones of low surface gradient and velocity. The ponds show pronounced seasonality, appearing in the pre-monsoon as snow melts, peaking at the monsoon onset at 2% of debris-covered area, then declining in the post-monsoon as ponds drain or freeze. Ponds are highly recurrent and persistent, with 40.5% of pond locations occurring for multiple years. Rather than a trend in pond cover over the study period, we find high interannual variability for each glacier after controlling for seasonality.","lang":"eng"}],"volume":63,"extern":"1","publication":"Journal of Glaciology","oa_version":"Published Version","month":"02","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Earth-Surface Processes"],"date_published":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0022-1430"],"eissn":["1727-5652"]},"oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.120"}],"status":"public","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Earth-Surface Processes","Geophysics"],"month":"11","oa_version":"Published Version","publication":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","status":"public","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JF004039","open_access":"1"}],"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2169-9003"],"eissn":["2169-9011"]},"date_published":"2016-11-22T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","article_type":"original","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","page":"2471-2493","quality_controlled":"1","title":"A physically based 3‐D model of ice cliff evolution over debris‐covered glaciers","intvolume":"       121","publication_status":"published","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:14:28Z","article_processing_charge":"No","author":[{"full_name":"Buri, Pascal","first_name":"Pascal","last_name":"Buri"},{"full_name":"Miles, Evan S.","first_name":"Evan S.","last_name":"Miles"},{"full_name":"Steiner, Jakob F.","last_name":"Steiner","first_name":"Jakob F."},{"last_name":"Immerzeel","first_name":"Walter W.","full_name":"Immerzeel, Walter W."},{"full_name":"Wagnon, Patrick","first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Wagnon"},{"id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","last_name":"Pellicciotti","first_name":"Francesca","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca"}],"issue":"12","_id":"12613","scopus_import":"1","extern":"1","volume":121,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We use high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys to document the evolution of four ice cliffs on the debris-covered tongue of Lirung Glacier, Nepal, over one ablation season. Observations show that out of four cliffs, three different patterns of evolution emerge: (i) reclining cliffs that flatten during the ablation season; (ii) stable cliffs that maintain a self-similar geometry; and (iii) growing cliffs, expanding laterally. We use the insights from this unique data set to develop a 3-D model of cliff backwasting and evolution that is validated against observations and an independent data set of volume losses. The model includes ablation at the cliff surface driven by energy exchange with the atmosphere, reburial of cliff cells by surrounding debris, and the effect of adjacent ponds. The cliff geometry is updated monthly to account for the modifications induced by each of those processes. Model results indicate that a major factor affecting the survival of steep cliffs is the coupling with ponded water at its base, which prevents progressive flattening and possible disappearance of a cliff. The radial growth observed at one cliff is explained by higher receipts of longwave and shortwave radiation, calculated taking into account atmospheric fluxes, shading, and the emission of longwave radiation from debris surfaces. The model is a clear step forward compared to existing static approaches that calculate atmospheric melt over an invariant cliff geometry and can be used for long-term simulations of cliff evolution and to test existing hypotheses about cliffs' survival."}],"doi":"10.1002/2016jf004039","day":"22","date_updated":"2023-02-24T11:34:54Z","year":"2016","citation":{"ama":"Buri P, Miles ES, Steiner JF, Immerzeel WW, Wagnon P, Pellicciotti F. A physically based 3‐D model of ice cliff evolution over debris‐covered glaciers. <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface</i>. 2016;121(12):2471-2493. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jf004039\">10.1002/2016jf004039</a>","apa":"Buri, P., Miles, E. S., Steiner, J. F., Immerzeel, W. W., Wagnon, P., &#38; Pellicciotti, F. (2016). A physically based 3‐D model of ice cliff evolution over debris‐covered glaciers. <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface</i>. American Geophysical Union. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jf004039\">https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jf004039</a>","ieee":"P. Buri, E. S. Miles, J. F. Steiner, W. W. Immerzeel, P. Wagnon, and F. Pellicciotti, “A physically based 3‐D model of ice cliff evolution over debris‐covered glaciers,” <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface</i>, vol. 121, no. 12. American Geophysical Union, pp. 2471–2493, 2016.","chicago":"Buri, Pascal, Evan S. Miles, Jakob F. Steiner, Walter W. Immerzeel, Patrick Wagnon, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “A Physically Based 3‐D Model of Ice Cliff Evolution over Debris‐covered Glaciers.” <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface</i>. American Geophysical Union, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jf004039\">https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jf004039</a>.","mla":"Buri, Pascal, et al. “A Physically Based 3‐D Model of Ice Cliff Evolution over Debris‐covered Glaciers.” <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface</i>, vol. 121, no. 12, American Geophysical Union, 2016, pp. 2471–93, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jf004039\">10.1002/2016jf004039</a>.","short":"P. Buri, E.S. Miles, J.F. Steiner, W.W. Immerzeel, P. Wagnon, F. Pellicciotti, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface 121 (2016) 2471–2493.","ista":"Buri P, Miles ES, Steiner JF, Immerzeel WW, Wagnon P, Pellicciotti F. 2016. A physically based 3‐D model of ice cliff evolution over debris‐covered glaciers. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface. 121(12), 2471–2493."}},{"quality_controlled":"1","page":"2075-2097","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","_id":"12617","issue":"5","author":[{"full_name":"Ragettli, Silvan","last_name":"Ragettli","first_name":"Silvan"},{"full_name":"Bolch, Tobias","first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"Bolch"},{"id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:14:51Z","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        10","title":"Heterogeneous glacier thinning patterns over the last 40 years in Langtang Himal, Nepal","volume":10,"extern":"1","citation":{"short":"S. Ragettli, T. Bolch, F. Pellicciotti, The Cryosphere 10 (2016) 2075–2097.","mla":"Ragettli, Silvan, et al. “Heterogeneous Glacier Thinning Patterns over the Last 40 Years in Langtang Himal, Nepal.” <i>The Cryosphere</i>, vol. 10, no. 5, Copernicus Publications, 2016, pp. 2075–97, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2075-2016\">10.5194/tc-10-2075-2016</a>.","ista":"Ragettli S, Bolch T, Pellicciotti F. 2016. Heterogeneous glacier thinning patterns over the last 40 years in Langtang Himal, Nepal. The Cryosphere. 10(5), 2075–2097.","ama":"Ragettli S, Bolch T, Pellicciotti F. Heterogeneous glacier thinning patterns over the last 40 years in Langtang Himal, Nepal. <i>The Cryosphere</i>. 2016;10(5):2075-2097. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2075-2016\">10.5194/tc-10-2075-2016</a>","apa":"Ragettli, S., Bolch, T., &#38; Pellicciotti, F. (2016). Heterogeneous glacier thinning patterns over the last 40 years in Langtang Himal, Nepal. <i>The Cryosphere</i>. Copernicus Publications. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2075-2016\">https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2075-2016</a>","chicago":"Ragettli, Silvan, Tobias Bolch, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Heterogeneous Glacier Thinning Patterns over the Last 40 Years in Langtang Himal, Nepal.” <i>The Cryosphere</i>. Copernicus Publications, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2075-2016\">https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2075-2016</a>.","ieee":"S. Ragettli, T. Bolch, and F. Pellicciotti, “Heterogeneous glacier thinning patterns over the last 40 years in Langtang Himal, Nepal,” <i>The Cryosphere</i>, vol. 10, no. 5. Copernicus Publications, pp. 2075–2097, 2016."},"year":"2016","date_updated":"2023-02-24T10:54:02Z","day":"14","doi":"10.5194/tc-10-2075-2016","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"This study presents volume and mass changes of seven (five partially debris-covered, two debris-free) glaciers in the upper Langtang catchment in Nepal. We use a digital elevation model (DEM) from 1974 stereo Hexagon satellite data and seven DEMs derived from 2006–2015 stereo or tri-stereo satellite imagery (e.g., SPOT6/7). The availability of multiple independent DEM differences allows the identification of a robust signal and narrowing down of the uncertainty about recent volume changes. The volume changes calculated over several multiyear periods between 2006 and 2015 consistently indicate that glacier thinning has accelerated with respect to the period 1974–2006. We calculate an ensemble-mean elevation change rate of –0.45 ± 0.18 m a−1 for 2006–2015, while for the period 1974–2006 we compute a rate of −0.24 ± 0.08 m a−1. However, the behavior of glaciers in the study area is heterogeneous, and the presence or absence of debris does not seem to be a good predictor for mass balance trends. Debris-covered tongues have nonlinear thinning profiles, and we show that recent accelerations in thinning correlate with the presence of supraglacial cliffs and lakes. At stagnating glacier areas near the glacier front, however, thinning rates decreased with time or remained constant. The April 2015 Nepal earthquake triggered large avalanches in the study catchment. Analysis of two post-earthquake DEMs revealed that the avalanche deposit volumes remaining 6 months after the earthquake are negligible in comparison to 2006–2015 elevation changes. However, the deposits compensate about 40 % the mass loss of debris-covered tongues of 1 average year."}],"keyword":["Earth-Surface Processes","Water Science and Technology"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"The Cryosphere","oa_version":"Published Version","month":"09","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2075-2016","open_access":"1"}],"status":"public","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","type":"journal_article","date_published":"2016-09-14T00:00:00Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1994-0424"]},"oa":1},{"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.54","open_access":"1"}],"status":"public","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1727-5652"],"issn":["0022-1430"]},"oa":1,"date_published":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Earth-Surface Processes"],"oa_version":"Published Version","month":"08","publication":"Journal of Glaciology","volume":62,"extern":"1","doi":"10.1017/jog.2016.54","day":"01","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Mass losses originating from supraglacial ice cliffs at the lower tongues of debris-covered glaciers are a potentially large component of the mass balance, but have rarely been quantified. In this study, we develop a method to estimate ice cliff volume losses based on high-resolution topographic data derived from terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry. We apply our method to six cliffs monitored in May and October 2013 and 2014 using four different topographic datasets collected over the debris-covered Lirung Glacier of the Nepalese Himalayas. During the monsoon, the cliff mean backwasting rate was relatively consistent in 2013 (3.8 ± 0.3 cm w.e. d<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) and more heterogeneous among cliffs in 2014 (3.1 ± 0.7 cm w.e. d<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>), and the geometric variations between cliffs are larger. Their mean backwasting rate is significantly lower in winter (October 2013–May 2014), at 1.0 ± 0.3 cm w.e. d<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. These results are consistent with estimates of cliff ablation from an energy-balance model developed in a previous study. The ice cliffs lose mass at rates six times higher than estimates of glacier-wide melt under debris, which seems to confirm that ice cliffs provide a large contribution to total glacier melt."}],"date_updated":"2023-02-24T10:36:55Z","citation":{"short":"F. BRUN, P. BURI, E.S. MILES, P. WAGNON, J. STEINER, E. BERTHIER, S. RAGETTLI, P. KRAAIJENBRINK, W.W. IMMERZEEL, F. Pellicciotti, Journal of Glaciology 62 (2016) 684–695.","mla":"BRUN, FANNY, et al. “Quantifying Volume Loss from Ice Cliffs on Debris-Covered Glaciers Using High-Resolution Terrestrial and Aerial Photogrammetry.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 62, no. 234, Cambridge University Press, 2016, pp. 684–95, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.54\">10.1017/jog.2016.54</a>.","ista":"BRUN F, BURI P, MILES ES, WAGNON P, STEINER J, BERTHIER E, RAGETTLI S, KRAAIJENBRINK P, IMMERZEEL WW, Pellicciotti F. 2016. Quantifying volume loss from ice cliffs on debris-covered glaciers using high-resolution terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry. Journal of Glaciology. 62(234), 684–695.","ama":"BRUN F, BURI P, MILES ES, et al. Quantifying volume loss from ice cliffs on debris-covered glaciers using high-resolution terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. 2016;62(234):684-695. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.54\">10.1017/jog.2016.54</a>","apa":"BRUN, F., BURI, P., MILES, E. S., WAGNON, P., STEINER, J., BERTHIER, E., … Pellicciotti, F. (2016). Quantifying volume loss from ice cliffs on debris-covered glaciers using high-resolution terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.54\">https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.54</a>","chicago":"BRUN, FANNY, PASCAL BURI, EVAN S. MILES, PATRICK WAGNON, JAKOB STEINER, ETIENNE BERTHIER, SILVAN RAGETTLI, PHILIP KRAAIJENBRINK, WALTER W. IMMERZEEL, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Quantifying Volume Loss from Ice Cliffs on Debris-Covered Glaciers Using High-Resolution Terrestrial and Aerial Photogrammetry.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.54\">https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.54</a>.","ieee":"F. BRUN <i>et al.</i>, “Quantifying volume loss from ice cliffs on debris-covered glaciers using high-resolution terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry,” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 62, no. 234. Cambridge University Press, pp. 684–695, 2016."},"year":"2016","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","article_type":"original","page":"684-695","quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:15:06Z","article_processing_charge":"No","title":"Quantifying volume loss from ice cliffs on debris-covered glaciers using high-resolution terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry","intvolume":"        62","_id":"12619","scopus_import":"1","author":[{"full_name":"BRUN, FANNY","last_name":"BRUN","first_name":"FANNY"},{"last_name":"BURI","first_name":"PASCAL","full_name":"BURI, PASCAL"},{"full_name":"MILES, EVAN S.","last_name":"MILES","first_name":"EVAN S."},{"full_name":"WAGNON, PATRICK","last_name":"WAGNON","first_name":"PATRICK"},{"first_name":"JAKOB","last_name":"STEINER","full_name":"STEINER, JAKOB"},{"last_name":"BERTHIER","first_name":"ETIENNE","full_name":"BERTHIER, ETIENNE"},{"full_name":"RAGETTLI, SILVAN","first_name":"SILVAN","last_name":"RAGETTLI"},{"last_name":"KRAAIJENBRINK","first_name":"PHILIP","full_name":"KRAAIJENBRINK, PHILIP"},{"first_name":"WALTER W.","last_name":"IMMERZEEL","full_name":"IMMERZEEL, WALTER W."},{"full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70"}],"issue":"234"},{"day":"01","doi":"10.1017/jog.2016.31","abstract":[{"text":"Near-surface air temperature is an important determinant of the surface energy balance of glaciers and is often represented by a constant linear temperature gradients (TGs) in models. Spatio-temporal variability in 2 m air temperature was measured across the debris-covered Miage Glacier, Italy, over an 89 d period during the 2014 ablation season using a network of 19 stations. Air temperature was found to be strongly dependent upon elevation for most stations, even under varying meteorological conditions and at different times of day, and its spatial variability was well explained by a locally derived mean linear TG (MG–TG) of −0.0088°C m−1. However, local temperature depressions occurred over areas of very thin or patchy debris cover. The MG–TG, together with other air TGs, extrapolated from both on- and off-glacier sites, were applied in a distributed energy-balance model. Compared with piecewise air temperature extrapolation from all on-glacier stations, modelled ablation, using the MG–TG, increased by <1%, increasing to >4% using the environmental ‘lapse rate’. Ice melt under thick debris was relatively insensitive to air temperature, while the effects of different temperature extrapolation methods were strongest at high elevation sites of thin and patchy debris cover.","lang":"eng"}],"citation":{"chicago":"SHAW, THOMAS E., BEN W. BROCK, CATRIONA L. FYFFE, Francesca Pellicciotti, NICK RUTTER, and FABRIZIO DIOTRI. “Air Temperature Distribution and Energy-Balance Modelling of a Debris-Covered Glacier.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.31\">https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.31</a>.","ieee":"T. E. SHAW, B. W. BROCK, C. L. FYFFE, F. Pellicciotti, N. RUTTER, and F. DIOTRI, “Air temperature distribution and energy-balance modelling of a debris-covered glacier,” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 62, no. 231. Cambridge University Press, pp. 185–198, 2016.","ama":"SHAW TE, BROCK BW, FYFFE CL, Pellicciotti F, RUTTER N, DIOTRI F. Air temperature distribution and energy-balance modelling of a debris-covered glacier. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. 2016;62(231):185-198. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.31\">10.1017/jog.2016.31</a>","apa":"SHAW, T. E., BROCK, B. W., FYFFE, C. L., Pellicciotti, F., RUTTER, N., &#38; DIOTRI, F. (2016). Air temperature distribution and energy-balance modelling of a debris-covered glacier. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.31\">https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.31</a>","ista":"SHAW TE, BROCK BW, FYFFE CL, Pellicciotti F, RUTTER N, DIOTRI F. 2016. Air temperature distribution and energy-balance modelling of a debris-covered glacier. Journal of Glaciology. 62(231), 185–198.","short":"T.E. SHAW, B.W. BROCK, C.L. FYFFE, F. Pellicciotti, N. RUTTER, F. DIOTRI, Journal of Glaciology 62 (2016) 185–198.","mla":"SHAW, THOMAS E., et al. “Air Temperature Distribution and Energy-Balance Modelling of a Debris-Covered Glacier.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 62, no. 231, Cambridge University Press, 2016, pp. 185–98, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.31\">10.1017/jog.2016.31</a>."},"year":"2016","date_updated":"2023-02-24T10:30:03Z","volume":62,"extern":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:15:17Z","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        62","title":"Air temperature distribution and energy-balance modelling of a debris-covered glacier","scopus_import":"1","_id":"12621","issue":"231","author":[{"full_name":"SHAW, THOMAS E.","first_name":"THOMAS E.","last_name":"SHAW"},{"first_name":"BEN W.","last_name":"BROCK","full_name":"BROCK, BEN W."},{"full_name":"FYFFE, CATRIONA L.","last_name":"FYFFE","first_name":"CATRIONA L."},{"id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca"},{"first_name":"NICK","last_name":"RUTTER","full_name":"RUTTER, NICK"},{"last_name":"DIOTRI","first_name":"FABRIZIO","full_name":"DIOTRI, FABRIZIO"}],"publisher":"Cambridge University Press","article_type":"original","page":"185-198","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1727-5652"],"issn":["0022-1430"]},"oa":1,"type":"journal_article","date_published":"2016-02-01T00:00:00Z","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.31"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","status":"public","oa_version":"Published Version","month":"02","publication":"Journal of Glaciology","keyword":["Earth-Surface Processes"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"citation":{"apa":"Heynen, M., Miles, E., Ragettli, S., Buri, P., Immerzeel, W. W., &#38; Pellicciotti, F. (2016). Air temperature variability in a high-elevation Himalayan catchment. <i>Annals of Glaciology</i>. International Glaciological Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2016aog71a076\">https://doi.org/10.3189/2016aog71a076</a>","ama":"Heynen M, Miles E, Ragettli S, Buri P, Immerzeel WW, Pellicciotti F. Air temperature variability in a high-elevation Himalayan catchment. <i>Annals of Glaciology</i>. 2016;57(71):212-222. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2016aog71a076\">10.3189/2016aog71a076</a>","ieee":"M. Heynen, E. Miles, S. Ragettli, P. Buri, W. W. Immerzeel, and F. Pellicciotti, “Air temperature variability in a high-elevation Himalayan catchment,” <i>Annals of Glaciology</i>, vol. 57, no. 71. International Glaciological Society, pp. 212–222, 2016.","chicago":"Heynen, Martin, Evan Miles, Silvan Ragettli, Pascal Buri, Walter W. Immerzeel, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Air Temperature Variability in a High-Elevation Himalayan Catchment.” <i>Annals of Glaciology</i>. International Glaciological Society, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2016aog71a076\">https://doi.org/10.3189/2016aog71a076</a>.","short":"M. Heynen, E. Miles, S. Ragettli, P. Buri, W.W. Immerzeel, F. Pellicciotti, Annals of Glaciology 57 (2016) 212–222.","mla":"Heynen, Martin, et al. “Air Temperature Variability in a High-Elevation Himalayan Catchment.” <i>Annals of Glaciology</i>, vol. 57, no. 71, International Glaciological Society, 2016, pp. 212–22, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2016aog71a076\">10.3189/2016aog71a076</a>.","ista":"Heynen M, Miles E, Ragettli S, Buri P, Immerzeel WW, Pellicciotti F. 2016. Air temperature variability in a high-elevation Himalayan catchment. Annals of Glaciology. 57(71), 212–222."},"year":"2016","date_updated":"2023-02-24T10:25:38Z","abstract":[{"text":"Air temperature is a key control of processes affecting snow and glaciers in high-elevation catchments, including melt, snowfall and sublimation. It is therefore a key input variable to models of land–surface–atmosphere interaction. Despite this importance, its spatial variability is poorly understood and simple assumptions are made to extrapolate it from point observations to the catchment scale. We use a dataset of 2.75 years of air temperature measurements (from May 2012 to November 2014) at a network of up to 27 locations in the Langtang River, Nepal, catchment to investigate air temperature seasonality and consistency between years. We use observations from high elevations and from the easternmost section of the basin to corroborate previous findings of shallow lapse rates. Seasonal variability is strong, with shallowest lapse rates during the monsoon season. Diurnal variability is also strong and should be taken into account since processes such as melt have a pronounced diurnal variability. Use of seasonal lapse rates seems crucial for glacio-hydrological modelling, but seasonal lapse rates seem stable over the 2–3 years investigated. Lateral variability at transects across valley is high and dominated by aspect, with south-facing sites being warmer than north-facing sites and deviations from the fitted lapse rates of up to several degrees. Local factors (e.g. topographic shading) can reduce or enhance this effect. The interplay of radiation, aspect and elevation should be further investigated with high-elevation transects.","lang":"eng"}],"day":"01","doi":"10.3189/2016aog71a076","extern":"1","volume":57,"issue":"71","author":[{"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Heynen","full_name":"Heynen, Martin"},{"first_name":"Evan","last_name":"Miles","full_name":"Miles, Evan"},{"first_name":"Silvan","last_name":"Ragettli","full_name":"Ragettli, Silvan"},{"full_name":"Buri, Pascal","last_name":"Buri","first_name":"Pascal"},{"last_name":"Immerzeel","first_name":"Walter W.","full_name":"Immerzeel, Walter W."},{"id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti","first_name":"Francesca"}],"scopus_import":"1","_id":"12622","intvolume":"        57","title":"Air temperature variability in a high-elevation Himalayan catchment","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:15:25Z","article_processing_charge":"No","publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","page":"212-222","article_type":"original","publisher":"International Glaciological Society","type":"journal_article","date_published":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0260-3055"],"eissn":["1727-5644"]},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","status":"public","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/2016AoG71A076"}],"publication":"Annals of Glaciology","month":"03","oa_version":"Published Version","keyword":["Earth-Surface Processes"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"day":"01","doi":"10.3189/2016aog71a059","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Ice cliffs might be partly responsible for the high mass losses of debris-covered glaciers in the Hindu Kush-Karakoram-Himalaya region. The few existing models of cliff backwasting are point-scale models applied at few locations or assume cliffs to be planes with constant slope and aspect, a major simplification given the complex surfaces of most cliffs. We develop the first grid-based model of cliff backwasting for two cliffs on debris-covered Lirung Glacier, Nepal. The model includes an improved representation of shortwave and longwave radiation, and their interplay with the glacier topography. Shortwave radiation varies considerably across the two cliffs, mostly due to direct radiation. Diffuse radiation is the major shortwave component, as the direct component is strongly reduced by the cliffs’ aspect and slope through self-shading. Incoming longwave radiation is higher than the total incoming shortwave flux, due to radiation emitted by the surrounding terrain, which is 25% of the incoming flux. Melt is highly variable in space, suggesting that simple models provide inaccurate estimates of total melt volumes. Although only representing 0.09% of the glacier tongue area, the total melt at the two cliffs over the measurement period is 2313 and 8282 m<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>, 1.23% of the total melt simulated by a glacio-hydrological model for the glacier’s tongue."}],"year":"2016","citation":{"ama":"Buri P, Pellicciotti F, Steiner JF, Miles ES, Immerzeel WW. A grid-based model of backwasting of supraglacial ice cliffs on debris-covered glaciers. <i>Annals of Glaciology</i>. 2016;57(71):199-211. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2016aog71a059\">10.3189/2016aog71a059</a>","apa":"Buri, P., Pellicciotti, F., Steiner, J. F., Miles, E. S., &#38; Immerzeel, W. W. (2016). A grid-based model of backwasting of supraglacial ice cliffs on debris-covered glaciers. <i>Annals of Glaciology</i>. International Glaciological Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2016aog71a059\">https://doi.org/10.3189/2016aog71a059</a>","chicago":"Buri, Pascal, Francesca Pellicciotti, Jakob F. Steiner, Evan S. Miles, and Walter W. Immerzeel. “A Grid-Based Model of Backwasting of Supraglacial Ice Cliffs on Debris-Covered Glaciers.” <i>Annals of Glaciology</i>. International Glaciological Society, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2016aog71a059\">https://doi.org/10.3189/2016aog71a059</a>.","ieee":"P. Buri, F. Pellicciotti, J. F. Steiner, E. S. Miles, and W. W. Immerzeel, “A grid-based model of backwasting of supraglacial ice cliffs on debris-covered glaciers,” <i>Annals of Glaciology</i>, vol. 57, no. 71. International Glaciological Society, pp. 199–211, 2016.","short":"P. Buri, F. Pellicciotti, J.F. Steiner, E.S. Miles, W.W. Immerzeel, Annals of Glaciology 57 (2016) 199–211.","mla":"Buri, Pascal, et al. “A Grid-Based Model of Backwasting of Supraglacial Ice Cliffs on Debris-Covered Glaciers.” <i>Annals of Glaciology</i>, vol. 57, no. 71, International Glaciological Society, 2016, pp. 199–211, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2016aog71a059\">10.3189/2016aog71a059</a>.","ista":"Buri P, Pellicciotti F, Steiner JF, Miles ES, Immerzeel WW. 2016. A grid-based model of backwasting of supraglacial ice cliffs on debris-covered glaciers. Annals of Glaciology. 57(71), 199–211."},"date_updated":"2023-02-24T10:20:24Z","volume":57,"extern":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:15:34Z","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        57","title":"A grid-based model of backwasting of supraglacial ice cliffs on debris-covered glaciers","scopus_import":"1","_id":"12623","issue":"71","author":[{"last_name":"Buri","first_name":"Pascal","full_name":"Buri, Pascal"},{"id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca"},{"full_name":"Steiner, Jakob F.","first_name":"Jakob F.","last_name":"Steiner"},{"first_name":"Evan S.","last_name":"Miles","full_name":"Miles, Evan S."},{"full_name":"Immerzeel, Walter W.","first_name":"Walter W.","last_name":"Immerzeel"}],"publisher":"International Glaciological Society","article_type":"original","quality_controlled":"1","page":"199-211","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1727-5644"],"issn":["0260-3055"]},"oa":1,"type":"journal_article","date_published":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/2016AoG71A059","open_access":"1"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","status":"public","oa_version":"Published Version","month":"03","publication":"Annals of Glaciology","keyword":["Earth-Surface Processes"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"publisher":"International Glaciological Society","article_type":"original","quality_controlled":"1","page":"29-40","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:15:42Z","article_processing_charge":"No","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        57","title":"Refined energy-balance modelling of a supraglacial pond, Langtang Khola, Nepal","scopus_import":"1","_id":"12624","issue":"71","author":[{"full_name":"Miles, Evan S.","first_name":"Evan S.","last_name":"Miles"},{"id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","last_name":"Pellicciotti","first_name":"Francesca","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca"},{"full_name":"Willis, Ian C.","first_name":"Ian C.","last_name":"Willis"},{"last_name":"Steiner","first_name":"Jakob F.","full_name":"Steiner, Jakob F."},{"full_name":"Buri, Pascal","last_name":"Buri","first_name":"Pascal"},{"last_name":"Arnold","first_name":"Neil S.","full_name":"Arnold, Neil S."}],"volume":57,"extern":"1","day":"01","doi":"10.3189/2016aog71a421","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Supraglacial ponds on debris-covered glaciers present a mechanism of atmosphere/glacier energy transfer that is poorly studied, and only conceptually included in mass-balance studies of debris-covered glaciers. This research advances previous efforts to develop a model of mass and energy balance for supraglacial ponds by applying a free-convection approach to account for energy exchanges at the subaqueous bare-ice surfaces. We develop the model using field data from a pond on Lirung Glacier, Nepal, that was monitored during the 2013 and 2014 monsoon periods. Sensitivity testing is performed for several key parameters, and alternative melt algorithms are compared with the model. The pond acts as a significant recipient of energy for the glacier system, and actively participates in the glacier’s hydrologic system during the monsoon. Melt rates are 2-4 cm d-1 (total of 98.5 m3 over the study period) for bare ice in contact with the pond, and <1 mmd-1 (total of 10.6m3) for the saturated debris zone. The majority of absorbed atmospheric energy leaves the pond system through englacial conduits, delivering sufficient energy to melt 2612 m3 additional ice over the study period (38.4 m3 d-1). Such melting might be expected to lead to subsidence of the glacier surface. Supraglacial ponds efficiently convey atmospheric energy to the glacier’s interior and rapidly promote the downwasting process."}],"year":"2016","citation":{"ama":"Miles ES, Pellicciotti F, Willis IC, Steiner JF, Buri P, Arnold NS. Refined energy-balance modelling of a supraglacial pond, Langtang Khola, Nepal. <i>Annals of Glaciology</i>. 2016;57(71):29-40. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2016aog71a421\">10.3189/2016aog71a421</a>","apa":"Miles, E. S., Pellicciotti, F., Willis, I. C., Steiner, J. F., Buri, P., &#38; Arnold, N. S. (2016). Refined energy-balance modelling of a supraglacial pond, Langtang Khola, Nepal. <i>Annals of Glaciology</i>. International Glaciological Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2016aog71a421\">https://doi.org/10.3189/2016aog71a421</a>","ieee":"E. S. Miles, F. Pellicciotti, I. C. Willis, J. F. Steiner, P. Buri, and N. S. Arnold, “Refined energy-balance modelling of a supraglacial pond, Langtang Khola, Nepal,” <i>Annals of Glaciology</i>, vol. 57, no. 71. International Glaciological Society, pp. 29–40, 2016.","chicago":"Miles, Evan S., Francesca Pellicciotti, Ian C. Willis, Jakob F. Steiner, Pascal Buri, and Neil S. Arnold. “Refined Energy-Balance Modelling of a Supraglacial Pond, Langtang Khola, Nepal.” <i>Annals of Glaciology</i>. International Glaciological Society, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2016aog71a421\">https://doi.org/10.3189/2016aog71a421</a>.","short":"E.S. Miles, F. Pellicciotti, I.C. Willis, J.F. Steiner, P. Buri, N.S. Arnold, Annals of Glaciology 57 (2016) 29–40.","mla":"Miles, Evan S., et al. “Refined Energy-Balance Modelling of a Supraglacial Pond, Langtang Khola, Nepal.” <i>Annals of Glaciology</i>, vol. 57, no. 71, International Glaciological Society, 2016, pp. 29–40, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2016aog71a421\">10.3189/2016aog71a421</a>.","ista":"Miles ES, Pellicciotti F, Willis IC, Steiner JF, Buri P, Arnold NS. 2016. Refined energy-balance modelling of a supraglacial pond, Langtang Khola, Nepal. Annals of Glaciology. 57(71), 29–40."},"date_updated":"2023-02-24T10:17:29Z","keyword":["Earth-Surface Processes"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","month":"03","publication":"Annals of Glaciology","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/2016AoG71A421"}],"status":"public","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1727-5644"],"issn":["0260-3055"]},"oa":1,"type":"journal_article","date_published":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z"},{"publication":"Annals of Glaciology","month":"03","oa_version":"Published Version","keyword":["Earth-Surface Processes"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","date_published":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1727-5644"],"issn":["0260-3055"]},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","status":"public","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/2016AoG71A072"}],"issue":"71","author":[{"first_name":"Philip","last_name":"Kraaijenbrink","full_name":"Kraaijenbrink, Philip"},{"last_name":"Meijer","first_name":"Sander W.","full_name":"Meijer, Sander W."},{"first_name":"Joseph M.","last_name":"Shea","full_name":"Shea, Joseph M."},{"id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti"},{"full_name":"De Jong, Steven M.","first_name":"Steven M.","last_name":"De Jong"},{"full_name":"Immerzeel, Walter W.","last_name":"Immerzeel","first_name":"Walter W."}],"scopus_import":"1","_id":"12625","intvolume":"        57","title":"Seasonal surface velocities of a Himalayan glacier derived by automated correlation of unmanned aerial vehicle imagery","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:15:56Z","article_processing_charge":"No","publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","page":"103-113","article_type":"original","publisher":"International Glaciological Society","year":"2016","citation":{"ieee":"P. Kraaijenbrink, S. W. Meijer, J. M. Shea, F. Pellicciotti, S. M. De Jong, and W. W. Immerzeel, “Seasonal surface velocities of a Himalayan glacier derived by automated correlation of unmanned aerial vehicle imagery,” <i>Annals of Glaciology</i>, vol. 57, no. 71. International Glaciological Society, pp. 103–113, 2016.","chicago":"Kraaijenbrink, Philip, Sander W. Meijer, Joseph M. Shea, Francesca Pellicciotti, Steven M. De Jong, and Walter W. Immerzeel. “Seasonal Surface Velocities of a Himalayan Glacier Derived by Automated Correlation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Imagery.” <i>Annals of Glaciology</i>. International Glaciological Society, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2016aog71a072\">https://doi.org/10.3189/2016aog71a072</a>.","apa":"Kraaijenbrink, P., Meijer, S. W., Shea, J. M., Pellicciotti, F., De Jong, S. M., &#38; Immerzeel, W. W. (2016). Seasonal surface velocities of a Himalayan glacier derived by automated correlation of unmanned aerial vehicle imagery. <i>Annals of Glaciology</i>. International Glaciological Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2016aog71a072\">https://doi.org/10.3189/2016aog71a072</a>","ama":"Kraaijenbrink P, Meijer SW, Shea JM, Pellicciotti F, De Jong SM, Immerzeel WW. Seasonal surface velocities of a Himalayan glacier derived by automated correlation of unmanned aerial vehicle imagery. <i>Annals of Glaciology</i>. 2016;57(71):103-113. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2016aog71a072\">10.3189/2016aog71a072</a>","ista":"Kraaijenbrink P, Meijer SW, Shea JM, Pellicciotti F, De Jong SM, Immerzeel WW. 2016. Seasonal surface velocities of a Himalayan glacier derived by automated correlation of unmanned aerial vehicle imagery. Annals of Glaciology. 57(71), 103–113.","short":"P. Kraaijenbrink, S.W. Meijer, J.M. Shea, F. Pellicciotti, S.M. De Jong, W.W. Immerzeel, Annals of Glaciology 57 (2016) 103–113.","mla":"Kraaijenbrink, Philip, et al. “Seasonal Surface Velocities of a Himalayan Glacier Derived by Automated Correlation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Imagery.” <i>Annals of Glaciology</i>, vol. 57, no. 71, International Glaciological Society, 2016, pp. 103–13, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2016aog71a072\">10.3189/2016aog71a072</a>."},"date_updated":"2023-02-24T10:11:46Z","abstract":[{"text":"Debris-covered glaciers play an important role in the high-altitude water cycle in the Himalaya, yet their dynamics are poorly understood, partly because of the difficult fieldwork conditions. In this study we therefore deploy an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) three times (May 2013, October 2013 and May 2014) over the debris-covered Lirung Glacier in Nepal. The acquired data are processed into orthomosaics and elevation models by a Structure from Motion workflow, and seasonal surface velocity is derived using frequency cross-correlation. In order to obtain optimal surface velocity products, the effects of different input data and correlator configurations are evaluated, which reveals that the orthomosaic as input paired with moderate correlator settings provides the best results. The glacier has considerable spatial and seasonal differences in surface velocity, with maximum summer and winter velocities 6 and 2.5 m a-1, respectively, in the upper part of the tongue, while the lower part is nearly stagnant. It is hypothesized that the higher velocities during summer are caused by basal sliding due to increased lubrication of the bed. We conclude that UAVs have great potential to quantify seasonal and annual variations in flow and can help to further our understanding of debris-covered glaciers.","lang":"eng"}],"day":"01","doi":"10.3189/2016aog71a072","extern":"1","volume":57}]