[{"author":[{"last_name":"McCarthy","first_name":"Michael","full_name":"McCarthy, Michael"},{"last_name":"Meier","first_name":"Fabienne","full_name":"Meier, Fabienne"},{"full_name":"Fatichi, Simone","first_name":"Simone","last_name":"Fatichi"},{"full_name":"Stocker, Benjamin D.","first_name":"Benjamin D.","last_name":"Stocker"},{"full_name":"Shaw, Thomas E.","first_name":"Thomas E.","last_name":"Shaw"},{"full_name":"Miles, Evan","last_name":"Miles","first_name":"Evan"},{"first_name":"Inés","last_name":"Dussaillant","full_name":"Dussaillant, Inés"},{"first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca"}],"day":"01","title":"Glacier contributions to river discharge during the current Chilean megadrought","article_number":"e2022EF002852","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publication":"Earth's Future","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2328-4277"]},"doi":"10.1029/2022ef002852","quality_controlled":"1","keyword":["Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)","General Environmental Science"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"10","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The current Chilean megadrought has led to acute water shortages in central Chile since 2010. Glaciers have provided vital fresh water to the region's rivers, but the quantity, timing and sustainability of that provision remain unclear. Here we combine in-situ, remote sensing and climate reanalysis data to show that from 2010 to 2018 during the megadrought, unsustainable imbalance ablation of glaciers (ablation not balanced by new snowfall) strongly buffered the late-summer discharge of the Maipo River, a primary source of water to Santiago. If there had been no glaciers, water availability would have been reduced from December through May, with a 31 ± 19% decrease during March. Our results indicate that while the annual contributions of imbalance ablation to river discharge during the megadrought have been small compared to those from precipitation and sustainable balance ablation, they have nevertheless been a substantial input to a hydrological system that was already experiencing high water stress. The water-equivalent volume of imbalance ablation generated in the Maipo Basin between 2010 and 2018 was 740 × 106 m3 (19 ± 12 mm yr−1), approximately 3.4 times the capacity of the basin's El Yeso Reservoir. This is equivalent to 14% of Santiago's potable water use in that time, while total glacier ablation was equivalent to 59%. We show that glacier retreat will exacerbate river discharge deficits and further jeopardize water availability in central Chile if precipitation deficits endure, and conjecture that these effects will be amplified by climatic warming."}],"date_updated":"2023-02-28T13:55:32Z","month":"10","oa_version":"Published Version","type":"journal_article","volume":10,"date_created":"2023-02-20T08:09:49Z","year":"2022","_id":"12575","publication_status":"published","oa":1,"date_published":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF002852","open_access":"1"}],"status":"public","extern":"1","intvolume":"        10","citation":{"ieee":"M. McCarthy <i>et al.</i>, “Glacier contributions to river discharge during the current Chilean megadrought,” <i>Earth’s Future</i>, vol. 10, no. 10. American Geophysical Union, 2022.","chicago":"McCarthy, Michael, Fabienne Meier, Simone Fatichi, Benjamin D. Stocker, Thomas E. Shaw, Evan Miles, Inés Dussaillant, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Glacier Contributions to River Discharge during the Current Chilean Megadrought.” <i>Earth’s Future</i>. American Geophysical Union, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ef002852\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ef002852</a>.","short":"M. McCarthy, F. Meier, S. Fatichi, B.D. Stocker, T.E. Shaw, E. Miles, I. Dussaillant, F. Pellicciotti, Earth’s Future 10 (2022).","ama":"McCarthy M, Meier F, Fatichi S, et al. Glacier contributions to river discharge during the current Chilean megadrought. <i>Earth’s Future</i>. 2022;10(10). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ef002852\">10.1029/2022ef002852</a>","ista":"McCarthy M, Meier F, Fatichi S, Stocker BD, Shaw TE, Miles E, Dussaillant I, Pellicciotti F. 2022. Glacier contributions to river discharge during the current Chilean megadrought. Earth’s Future. 10(10), e2022EF002852.","mla":"McCarthy, Michael, et al. “Glacier Contributions to River Discharge during the Current Chilean Megadrought.” <i>Earth’s Future</i>, vol. 10, no. 10, e2022EF002852, American Geophysical Union, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ef002852\">10.1029/2022ef002852</a>.","apa":"McCarthy, M., Meier, F., Fatichi, S., Stocker, B. D., Shaw, T. E., Miles, E., … Pellicciotti, F. (2022). Glacier contributions to river discharge during the current Chilean megadrought. <i>Earth’s Future</i>. American Geophysical Union. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ef002852\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ef002852</a>"}},{"author":[{"last_name":"Orr","first_name":"Andrew","full_name":"Orr, Andrew"},{"first_name":"Bashir","last_name":"Ahmad","full_name":"Ahmad, Bashir"},{"last_name":"Alam","first_name":"Undala","full_name":"Alam, Undala"},{"full_name":"Appadurai, ArivudaiNambi","first_name":"ArivudaiNambi","last_name":"Appadurai"},{"full_name":"Bharucha, Zareen P.","first_name":"Zareen P.","last_name":"Bharucha"},{"full_name":"Biemans, Hester","last_name":"Biemans","first_name":"Hester"},{"last_name":"Bolch","first_name":"Tobias","full_name":"Bolch, Tobias"},{"last_name":"Chaulagain","first_name":"Narayan P.","full_name":"Chaulagain, Narayan P."},{"full_name":"Dhaubanjar, Sanita","last_name":"Dhaubanjar","first_name":"Sanita"},{"first_name":"A. P.","last_name":"Dimri","full_name":"Dimri, A. P."},{"full_name":"Dixon, Harry","first_name":"Harry","last_name":"Dixon"},{"first_name":"Hayley J.","last_name":"Fowler","full_name":"Fowler, Hayley J."},{"last_name":"Gioli","first_name":"Giovanna","full_name":"Gioli, Giovanna"},{"first_name":"Sarah J.","last_name":"Halvorson","full_name":"Halvorson, Sarah J."},{"first_name":"Abid","last_name":"Hussain","full_name":"Hussain, Abid"},{"first_name":"Ghulam","last_name":"Jeelani","full_name":"Jeelani, Ghulam"},{"full_name":"Kamal, Simi","first_name":"Simi","last_name":"Kamal"},{"full_name":"Khalid, Imran S.","first_name":"Imran S.","last_name":"Khalid"},{"last_name":"Liu","first_name":"Shiyin","full_name":"Liu, Shiyin"},{"full_name":"Lutz, Arthur","first_name":"Arthur","last_name":"Lutz"},{"first_name":"Meeta K.","last_name":"Mehra","full_name":"Mehra, Meeta K."},{"last_name":"Miles","first_name":"Evan","full_name":"Miles, Evan"},{"full_name":"Momblanch, Andrea","last_name":"Momblanch","first_name":"Andrea"},{"last_name":"Muccione","first_name":"Veruska","full_name":"Muccione, Veruska"},{"first_name":"Aditi","last_name":"Mukherji","full_name":"Mukherji, Aditi"},{"full_name":"Mustafa, Daanish","first_name":"Daanish","last_name":"Mustafa"},{"first_name":"Omaid","last_name":"Najmuddin","full_name":"Najmuddin, Omaid"},{"full_name":"Nasimi, Mohammad N.","first_name":"Mohammad N.","last_name":"Nasimi"},{"full_name":"Nüsser, Marcus","first_name":"Marcus","last_name":"Nüsser"},{"full_name":"Pandey, Vishnu P.","last_name":"Pandey","first_name":"Vishnu P."},{"last_name":"Parveen","first_name":"Sitara","full_name":"Parveen, Sitara"},{"full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","last_name":"Pellicciotti","first_name":"Francesca"},{"first_name":"Carmel","last_name":"Pollino","full_name":"Pollino, Carmel"},{"last_name":"Potter","first_name":"Emily","full_name":"Potter, Emily"},{"last_name":"Qazizada","first_name":"Mohammad R.","full_name":"Qazizada, Mohammad R."},{"full_name":"Ray, Saon","last_name":"Ray","first_name":"Saon"},{"full_name":"Romshoo, Shakil","first_name":"Shakil","last_name":"Romshoo"},{"full_name":"Sarkar, Syamal K.","last_name":"Sarkar","first_name":"Syamal K."},{"first_name":"Amiera","last_name":"Sawas","full_name":"Sawas, Amiera"},{"first_name":"Sumit","last_name":"Sen","full_name":"Sen, Sumit"},{"full_name":"Shah, Attaullah","first_name":"Attaullah","last_name":"Shah"},{"full_name":"Shah, M. Azeem Ali","last_name":"Shah","first_name":"M. Azeem Ali"},{"first_name":"Joseph M.","last_name":"Shea","full_name":"Shea, Joseph M."},{"full_name":"Sheikh, Ali T.","last_name":"Sheikh","first_name":"Ali T."},{"full_name":"Shrestha, Arun B.","first_name":"Arun B.","last_name":"Shrestha"},{"last_name":"Tayal","first_name":"Shresth","full_name":"Tayal, Shresth"},{"full_name":"Tigala, Snehlata","last_name":"Tigala","first_name":"Snehlata"},{"full_name":"Virk, Zeeshan T.","first_name":"Zeeshan T.","last_name":"Virk"},{"first_name":"Philippus","last_name":"Wester","full_name":"Wester, Philippus"},{"first_name":"James L.","last_name":"Wescoat","full_name":"Wescoat, James L."}],"day":"01","title":"Knowledge priorities on climate change and water in the Upper Indus Basin: A horizon scanning exercise to identify the Top 100 research questions in social and natural sciences","article_number":"e2021EF002619","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publication":"Earth's Future","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","article_type":"original","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2328-4277"]},"doi":"10.1029/2021ef002619","quality_controlled":"1","keyword":["Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)","General Environmental Science"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"4","date_updated":"2023-02-28T13:41:50Z","abstract":[{"text":"River systems originating from the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) are dominated by runoff from snow and glacier melt and summer monsoonal rainfall. These water resources are highly stressed as huge populations of people living in this region depend on them, including for agriculture, domestic use, and energy production. Projections suggest that the UIB region will be affected by considerable (yet poorly quantified) changes to the seasonality and composition of runoff in the future, which are likely to have considerable impacts on these supplies. Given how directly and indirectly communities and ecosystems are dependent on these resources and the growing pressure on them due to ever-increasing demands, the impacts of climate change pose considerable adaptation challenges. The strong linkages between hydroclimate, cryosphere, water resources, and human activities within the UIB suggest that a multi- and inter-disciplinary research approach integrating the social and natural/environmental sciences is critical for successful adaptation to ongoing and future hydrological and climate change. Here we use a horizon scanning technique to identify the Top 100 questions related to the most pressing knowledge gaps and research priorities in social and natural sciences on climate change and water in the UIB. These questions are on the margins of current thinking and investigation and are clustered into 14 themes, covering three overarching topics of “governance, policy, and sustainable solutions”, “socioeconomic processes and livelihoods”, and “integrated Earth System processes”. Raising awareness of these cutting-edge knowledge gaps and opportunities will hopefully encourage researchers, funding bodies, practitioners, and policy makers to address them.","lang":"eng"}],"month":"04","oa_version":"Published Version","type":"journal_article","volume":10,"date_created":"2023-02-20T08:10:23Z","year":"2022","_id":"12580","oa":1,"publication_status":"published","date_published":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EF002619","open_access":"1"}],"status":"public","intvolume":"        10","extern":"1","citation":{"ama":"Orr A, Ahmad B, Alam U, et al. Knowledge priorities on climate change and water in the Upper Indus Basin: A horizon scanning exercise to identify the Top 100 research questions in social and natural sciences. <i>Earth’s Future</i>. 2022;10(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ef002619\">10.1029/2021ef002619</a>","apa":"Orr, A., Ahmad, B., Alam, U., Appadurai, A., Bharucha, Z. P., Biemans, H., … Wescoat, J. L. (2022). Knowledge priorities on climate change and water in the Upper Indus Basin: A horizon scanning exercise to identify the Top 100 research questions in social and natural sciences. <i>Earth’s Future</i>. American Geophysical Union. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ef002619\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ef002619</a>","ista":"Orr A, Ahmad B, Alam U, Appadurai A, Bharucha ZP, Biemans H, Bolch T, Chaulagain NP, Dhaubanjar S, Dimri AP, Dixon H, Fowler HJ, Gioli G, Halvorson SJ, Hussain A, Jeelani G, Kamal S, Khalid IS, Liu S, Lutz A, Mehra MK, Miles E, Momblanch A, Muccione V, Mukherji A, Mustafa D, Najmuddin O, Nasimi MN, Nüsser M, Pandey VP, Parveen S, Pellicciotti F, Pollino C, Potter E, Qazizada MR, Ray S, Romshoo S, Sarkar SK, Sawas A, Sen S, Shah A, Shah MAA, Shea JM, Sheikh AT, Shrestha AB, Tayal S, Tigala S, Virk ZT, Wester P, Wescoat JL. 2022. Knowledge priorities on climate change and water in the Upper Indus Basin: A horizon scanning exercise to identify the Top 100 research questions in social and natural sciences. Earth’s Future. 10(4), e2021EF002619.","mla":"Orr, Andrew, et al. “Knowledge Priorities on Climate Change and Water in the Upper Indus Basin: A Horizon Scanning Exercise to Identify the Top 100 Research Questions in Social and Natural Sciences.” <i>Earth’s Future</i>, vol. 10, no. 4, e2021EF002619, American Geophysical Union, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ef002619\">10.1029/2021ef002619</a>.","chicago":"Orr, Andrew, Bashir Ahmad, Undala Alam, ArivudaiNambi Appadurai, Zareen P. Bharucha, Hester Biemans, Tobias Bolch, et al. “Knowledge Priorities on Climate Change and Water in the Upper Indus Basin: A Horizon Scanning Exercise to Identify the Top 100 Research Questions in Social and Natural Sciences.” <i>Earth’s Future</i>. American Geophysical Union, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ef002619\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ef002619</a>.","ieee":"A. Orr <i>et al.</i>, “Knowledge priorities on climate change and water in the Upper Indus Basin: A horizon scanning exercise to identify the Top 100 research questions in social and natural sciences,” <i>Earth’s Future</i>, vol. 10, no. 4. American Geophysical Union, 2022.","short":"A. Orr, B. Ahmad, U. Alam, A. Appadurai, Z.P. Bharucha, H. Biemans, T. Bolch, N.P. Chaulagain, S. Dhaubanjar, A.P. Dimri, H. Dixon, H.J. Fowler, G. Gioli, S.J. Halvorson, A. Hussain, G. Jeelani, S. Kamal, I.S. Khalid, S. Liu, A. Lutz, M.K. Mehra, E. Miles, A. Momblanch, V. Muccione, A. Mukherji, D. Mustafa, O. Najmuddin, M.N. Nasimi, M. Nüsser, V.P. Pandey, S. Parveen, F. Pellicciotti, C. Pollino, E. Potter, M.R. Qazizada, S. Ray, S. Romshoo, S.K. Sarkar, A. Sawas, S. Sen, A. Shah, M.A.A. Shah, J.M. Shea, A.T. Sheikh, A.B. Shrestha, S. Tayal, S. Tigala, Z.T. Virk, P. Wester, J.L. Wescoat, Earth’s Future 10 (2022)."}},{"article_number":"e2021JD034911","title":"The energy and mass balance of Peruvian Glaciers","day":"16","author":[{"last_name":"Fyffe","first_name":"Catriona L.","full_name":"Fyffe, Catriona L."},{"full_name":"Potter, Emily","last_name":"Potter","first_name":"Emily"},{"full_name":"Fugger, Stefan","first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Fugger"},{"last_name":"Orr","first_name":"Andrew","full_name":"Orr, Andrew"},{"full_name":"Fatichi, Simone","last_name":"Fatichi","first_name":"Simone"},{"last_name":"Loarte","first_name":"Edwin","full_name":"Loarte, Edwin"},{"first_name":"Katy","last_name":"Medina","full_name":"Medina, Katy"},{"last_name":"Hellström","first_name":"Robert Å.","full_name":"Hellström, Robert Å."},{"first_name":"Maud","last_name":"Bernat","full_name":"Bernat, Maud"},{"full_name":"Aubry‐Wake, Caroline","last_name":"Aubry‐Wake","first_name":"Caroline"},{"full_name":"Gurgiser, Wolfgang","first_name":"Wolfgang","last_name":"Gurgiser"},{"full_name":"Perry, L. Baker","last_name":"Perry","first_name":"L. Baker"},{"first_name":"Wilson","last_name":"Suarez","full_name":"Suarez, Wilson"},{"first_name":"Duncan J.","last_name":"Quincey","full_name":"Quincey, Duncan J."},{"id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti"}],"article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","publication":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1029/2021jd034911","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2169-897X"],"eissn":["2169-8996"]},"issue":"23","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)","Atmospheric Science","Geophysics"],"date_created":"2023-02-20T08:10:43Z","volume":126,"type":"journal_article","month":"12","oa_version":"Published Version","date_updated":"2023-02-28T13:31:08Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Peruvian glaciers are important contributors to dry season runoff for agriculture and hydropower, but they are at risk of disappearing due to climate change. We applied a physically based, energy balance melt model at five on-glacier sites within the Peruvian Cordilleras Blanca and Vilcanota. Net shortwave radiation dominates the energy balance, and despite this flux being higher in the dry season, melt rates are lower due to losses from net longwave radiation and the latent heat flux. The sensible heat flux is a relatively small contributor to melt energy. At three of the sites the wet season snowpack was discontinuous, forming and melting within a daily to weekly timescale, and resulting in highly variable melt rates closely related to precipitation dynamics. Cold air temperatures due to a strong La Niña year at Shallap Glacier (Cordillera Blanca) resulted in a continuous wet season snowpack, significantly reducing wet season ablation. Sublimation was most important at the highest site in the accumulation zone of the Quelccaya Ice Cap (Cordillera Vilcanota), accounting for 81% of ablation, compared to 2%–4% for the other sites. Air temperature and precipitation inputs were perturbed to investigate the climate sensitivity of the five glaciers. At the lower sites warmer air temperatures resulted in a switch from snowfall to rain, so that ablation was increased via the decrease in albedo and increase in net shortwave radiation. At the top of Quelccaya Ice Cap warming caused melting to replace sublimation so that ablation increased nonlinearly with air temperature."}],"_id":"12583","year":"2021","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD034911"}],"date_published":"2021-12-16T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"publication_status":"published","citation":{"ieee":"C. L. Fyffe <i>et al.</i>, “The energy and mass balance of Peruvian Glaciers,” <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>, vol. 126, no. 23. American Geophysical Union, 2021.","chicago":"Fyffe, Catriona L., Emily Potter, Stefan Fugger, Andrew Orr, Simone Fatichi, Edwin Loarte, Katy Medina, et al. “The Energy and Mass Balance of Peruvian Glaciers.” <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>. American Geophysical Union, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jd034911\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jd034911</a>.","short":"C.L. Fyffe, E. Potter, S. Fugger, A. Orr, S. Fatichi, E. Loarte, K. Medina, R.Å. Hellström, M. Bernat, C. Aubry‐Wake, W. Gurgiser, L.B. Perry, W. Suarez, D.J. Quincey, F. Pellicciotti, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 126 (2021).","ama":"Fyffe CL, Potter E, Fugger S, et al. The energy and mass balance of Peruvian Glaciers. <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>. 2021;126(23). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jd034911\">10.1029/2021jd034911</a>","ista":"Fyffe CL, Potter E, Fugger S, Orr A, Fatichi S, Loarte E, Medina K, Hellström RÅ, Bernat M, Aubry‐Wake C, Gurgiser W, Perry LB, Suarez W, Quincey DJ, Pellicciotti F. 2021. The energy and mass balance of Peruvian Glaciers. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 126(23), e2021JD034911.","mla":"Fyffe, Catriona L., et al. “The Energy and Mass Balance of Peruvian Glaciers.” <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>, vol. 126, no. 23, e2021JD034911, American Geophysical Union, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jd034911\">10.1029/2021jd034911</a>.","apa":"Fyffe, C. L., Potter, E., Fugger, S., Orr, A., Fatichi, S., Loarte, E., … Pellicciotti, F. (2021). The energy and mass balance of Peruvian Glaciers. <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>. American Geophysical Union. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jd034911\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jd034911</a>"},"intvolume":"       126","extern":"1","status":"public"},{"publication_status":"published","date_published":"2015-04-18T00:00:00Z","status":"public","citation":{"short":"A. Ayala, F. Pellicciotti, J.M. Shea, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 120 (2015) 3139–3157.","ieee":"A. Ayala, F. Pellicciotti, and J. M. Shea, “Modeling 2 m air temperatures over mountain glaciers: Exploring the influence of katabatic cooling and external warming,” <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>, vol. 120, no. 8. American Geophysical Union, pp. 3139–3157, 2015.","chicago":"Ayala, A., Francesca Pellicciotti, and J. M. Shea. “Modeling 2 m Air Temperatures over Mountain Glaciers: Exploring the Influence of Katabatic Cooling and External Warming.” <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>. American Geophysical Union, 2015. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jd023137\">https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jd023137</a>.","ista":"Ayala A, Pellicciotti F, Shea JM. 2015. Modeling 2 m air temperatures over mountain glaciers: Exploring the influence of katabatic cooling and external warming. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 120(8), 3139–3157.","mla":"Ayala, A., et al. “Modeling 2 m Air Temperatures over Mountain Glaciers: Exploring the Influence of Katabatic Cooling and External Warming.” <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>, vol. 120, no. 8, American Geophysical Union, 2015, pp. 3139–57, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jd023137\">10.1002/2015jd023137</a>.","apa":"Ayala, A., Pellicciotti, F., &#38; Shea, J. M. (2015). Modeling 2 m air temperatures over mountain glaciers: Exploring the influence of katabatic cooling and external warming. <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>. American Geophysical Union. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jd023137\">https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jd023137</a>","ama":"Ayala A, Pellicciotti F, Shea JM. Modeling 2 m air temperatures over mountain glaciers: Exploring the influence of katabatic cooling and external warming. <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>. 2015;120(8):3139-3157. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jd023137\">10.1002/2015jd023137</a>"},"extern":"1","intvolume":"       120","month":"04","type":"journal_article","oa_version":"Published Version","date_updated":"2023-02-24T09:16:26Z","abstract":[{"text":"Air temperature is one of the most relevant input variables for snow and ice melt calculations. However, local meteorological conditions, complex topography, and logistical concerns in glacierized regions make the measuring and modeling of air temperature a difficult task. In this study, we investigate the spatial distribution of 2 m air temperature over mountain glaciers and propose a modification to an existing model to improve its representation. Spatially distributed meteorological data from Haut Glacier d'Arolla (Switzerland), Place (Canada), and Juncal Norte (Chile) Glaciers are used to examine approximate flow line temperatures during their respective ablation seasons. During warm conditions (off-glacier temperatures well above 0°C), observed air temperatures in the upper reaches of Place Glacier and Haut Glacier d'Arolla decrease down glacier along the approximate flow line. At Juncal Norte and Haut Glacier d'Arolla, an increase in air temperature is observed over the glacier tongue. While the temperature behavior over the upper part can be explained by the cooling effect of the glacier surface, the temperature increase over the glacier tongue may be caused by several processes induced by the surrounding warm atmosphere. In order to capture the latter effect, we add an additional term to the Greuell and Böhm (GB) thermodynamic glacier wind model. For high off-glacier temperatures, the modified GB model reduces root-mean-square error up to 32% and provides a new approach for distributing air temperature over mountain glaciers as a function of off-glacier temperatures and approximate glacier flow lines.","lang":"eng"}],"page":"3139-3157","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:16:28Z","volume":120,"year":"2015","_id":"12631","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2169-8996"],"issn":["2169-897X"]},"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1002/2015jd023137","issue":"8","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)","Atmospheric Science","Geophysics"],"day":"18","author":[{"full_name":"Ayala, A.","last_name":"Ayala","first_name":"A."},{"last_name":"Pellicciotti","first_name":"Francesca","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca"},{"last_name":"Shea","first_name":"J. M.","full_name":"Shea, J. M."}],"title":"Modeling 2 m air temperatures over mountain glaciers: Exploring the influence of katabatic cooling and external warming","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","article_type":"original","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","publication":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres"},{"_id":"12643","year":"2013","volume":118,"date_created":"2023-02-20T08:17:34Z","page":"3066-3084","abstract":[{"text":"Parameterizations of incoming longwave radiation are increasingly receiving attention for both low and high elevation glacierized sites. In this paper, we test 13 clear-sky parameterizations combined with seven cloud corrections for all-sky atmospheric emissivity at one location on Haut Glacier d'Arolla. We also analyze the four seasons separately and conduct a cross-validation to test the parameters’ robustness. The best parameterization is the one by Dilley and O'Brien, B for clear-sky conditions combined with Unsworth and Monteith cloud correction. This model is also the most robust when tested in cross-validation. When validated at different sites in the southern Alps of Switzerland and north-western Italian Alps, all parameterizations show a substantial decrease in performance, except for one site, thus suggesting that it is important to recalibrate parameterizations of incoming longwave radiation for different locations. We argue that this is due to differences in the structure of the atmosphere at the sites. We also quantify the effect that the incoming longwave radiation parameterizations have on energy-balance melt modeling, and show that recalibration of model parameters is needed. Using parameters from other sites leads to a significant underestimation of melt and to an error that is larger than that associated with using different parameterizations. Once recalibrated, however, the parameters of most models seem to be stable over seasons and years at the location on Haut Glacier d'Arolla.","lang":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2023-02-21T10:10:46Z","oa_version":"Published Version","month":"04","type":"journal_article","extern":"1","intvolume":"       118","citation":{"short":"I. Juszak, F. Pellicciotti, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 118 (2013) 3066–3084.","ieee":"I. Juszak and F. Pellicciotti, “A comparison of parameterizations of incoming longwave radiation over melting glaciers: Model robustness and seasonal variability,” <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>, vol. 118, no. 8. American Geophysical Union, pp. 3066–3084, 2013.","chicago":"Juszak, I., and Francesca Pellicciotti. “A Comparison of Parameterizations of Incoming Longwave Radiation over Melting Glaciers: Model Robustness and Seasonal Variability.” <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>. American Geophysical Union, 2013. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50277\">https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50277</a>.","ista":"Juszak I, Pellicciotti F. 2013. A comparison of parameterizations of incoming longwave radiation over melting glaciers: Model robustness and seasonal variability. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 118(8), 3066–3084.","mla":"Juszak, I., and Francesca Pellicciotti. “A Comparison of Parameterizations of Incoming Longwave Radiation over Melting Glaciers: Model Robustness and Seasonal Variability.” <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>, vol. 118, no. 8, American Geophysical Union, 2013, pp. 3066–84, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50277\">10.1002/jgrd.50277</a>.","apa":"Juszak, I., &#38; Pellicciotti, F. (2013). A comparison of parameterizations of incoming longwave radiation over melting glaciers: Model robustness and seasonal variability. <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>. American Geophysical Union. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50277\">https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50277</a>","ama":"Juszak I, Pellicciotti F. A comparison of parameterizations of incoming longwave radiation over melting glaciers: Model robustness and seasonal variability. <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>. 2013;118(8):3066-3084. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50277\">10.1002/jgrd.50277</a>"},"status":"public","date_published":"2013-04-27T00:00:00Z","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50277"}],"oa":1,"publication_status":"published","publication":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","title":"A comparison of parameterizations of incoming longwave radiation over melting glaciers: Model robustness and seasonal variability","author":[{"full_name":"Juszak, I.","first_name":"I.","last_name":"Juszak"},{"first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca"}],"day":"27","keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)","Atmospheric Science","Geophysics"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"8","doi":"10.1002/jgrd.50277","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2169-897X"]}},{"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","article_type":"original","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","publication":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","day":"27","author":[{"full_name":"Reid, T. D.","first_name":"T. D.","last_name":"Reid"},{"full_name":"Carenzo, M.","last_name":"Carenzo","first_name":"M."},{"first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca"},{"first_name":"B. W.","last_name":"Brock","full_name":"Brock, B. W."}],"article_number":"D18105","title":"Including debris cover effects in a distributed model of glacier ablation","issue":"D18","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Paleontology","Space and Planetary Science","Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)","Atmospheric Science","Earth-Surface Processes","Geochemistry and Petrology","Soil Science","Water Science and Technology","Ecology","Aquatic Science","Forestry","Oceanography","Geophysics"],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0148-0227"]},"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1029/2012jd017795","year":"2012","_id":"12648","month":"09","type":"journal_article","oa_version":"Published Version","date_updated":"2023-02-20T10:57:31Z","abstract":[{"text":"Distributed glacier melt models generally assume that the glacier surface consists of bare exposed ice and snow. In reality, many glaciers are wholly or partially covered in layers of debris that tend to suppress ablation rates. In this paper, an existing physically based point model for the ablation of debris-covered ice is incorporated in a distributed melt model and applied to Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland, which has three large patches of debris cover on its surface. The model is based on a 10 m resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of the area; each glacier pixel in the DEM is defined as either bare or debris-covered ice, and may be covered in snow that must be melted off before ice ablation is assumed to occur. Each debris-covered pixel is assigned a debris thickness value using probability distributions based on over 1000 manual thickness measurements. Locally observed meteorological data are used to run energy balance calculations in every pixel, using an approach suitable for snow, bare ice or debris-covered ice as appropriate. The use of the debris model significantly reduces the total ablation in the debris-covered areas, however the precise reduction is sensitive to the temperature extrapolation used in the model distribution because air near the debris surface tends to be slightly warmer than over bare ice. Overall results suggest that the debris patches, which cover 10% of the glacierized area, reduce total runoff from the glacierized part of the basin by up to 7%.","lang":"eng"}],"date_created":"2023-02-20T08:17:57Z","volume":117,"status":"public","citation":{"mla":"Reid, T. D., et al. “Including Debris Cover Effects in a Distributed Model of Glacier Ablation.” <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>, vol. 117, no. D18, D18105, American Geophysical Union, 2012, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jd017795\">10.1029/2012jd017795</a>.","ista":"Reid TD, Carenzo M, Pellicciotti F, Brock BW. 2012. Including debris cover effects in a distributed model of glacier ablation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 117(D18), D18105.","apa":"Reid, T. D., Carenzo, M., Pellicciotti, F., &#38; Brock, B. W. (2012). Including debris cover effects in a distributed model of glacier ablation. <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>. American Geophysical Union. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jd017795\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jd017795</a>","ama":"Reid TD, Carenzo M, Pellicciotti F, Brock BW. Including debris cover effects in a distributed model of glacier ablation. <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>. 2012;117(D18). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jd017795\">10.1029/2012jd017795</a>","short":"T.D. Reid, M. Carenzo, F. Pellicciotti, B.W. Brock, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 117 (2012).","ieee":"T. D. Reid, M. Carenzo, F. Pellicciotti, and B. W. Brock, “Including debris cover effects in a distributed model of glacier ablation,” <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>, vol. 117, no. D18. American Geophysical Union, 2012.","chicago":"Reid, T. D., M. Carenzo, Francesca Pellicciotti, and B. W. Brock. “Including Debris Cover Effects in a Distributed Model of Glacier Ablation.” <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>. American Geophysical Union, 2012. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jd017795\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jd017795</a>."},"extern":"1","intvolume":"       117","oa":1,"publication_status":"published","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017795"}],"date_published":"2012-09-27T00:00:00Z"},{"status":"public","citation":{"ieee":"L. Petersen and F. Pellicciotti, “Spatial and temporal variability of air temperature on a melting glacier: Atmospheric controls, extrapolation methods and their effect on melt modeling, Juncal Norte Glacier, Chile,” <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>, vol. 116, no. D23. American Geophysical Union, 2011.","chicago":"Petersen, L., and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Spatial and Temporal Variability of Air Temperature on a Melting Glacier: Atmospheric Controls, Extrapolation Methods and Their Effect on Melt Modeling, Juncal Norte Glacier, Chile.” <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>. American Geophysical Union, 2011. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jd015842\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jd015842</a>.","short":"L. Petersen, F. Pellicciotti, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 116 (2011).","ama":"Petersen L, Pellicciotti F. Spatial and temporal variability of air temperature on a melting glacier: Atmospheric controls, extrapolation methods and their effect on melt modeling, Juncal Norte Glacier, Chile. <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>. 2011;116(D23). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jd015842\">10.1029/2011jd015842</a>","ista":"Petersen L, Pellicciotti F. 2011. Spatial and temporal variability of air temperature on a melting glacier: Atmospheric controls, extrapolation methods and their effect on melt modeling, Juncal Norte Glacier, Chile. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 116(D23), D23109.","mla":"Petersen, L., and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Spatial and Temporal Variability of Air Temperature on a Melting Glacier: Atmospheric Controls, Extrapolation Methods and Their Effect on Melt Modeling, Juncal Norte Glacier, Chile.” <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>, vol. 116, no. D23, D23109, American Geophysical Union, 2011, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jd015842\">10.1029/2011jd015842</a>.","apa":"Petersen, L., &#38; Pellicciotti, F. (2011). Spatial and temporal variability of air temperature on a melting glacier: Atmospheric controls, extrapolation methods and their effect on melt modeling, Juncal Norte Glacier, Chile. <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>. American Geophysical Union. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jd015842\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jd015842</a>"},"intvolume":"       116","extern":"1","oa":1,"publication_status":"published","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD01584"}],"date_published":"2011-12-16T00:00:00Z","year":"2011","_id":"12651","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Temperature data from three Automatic Weather Stations and twelve Temperature Loggers are used to investigate the spatiotemporal variability of temperature over a glacier, its main atmospheric controls, the suitability of extrapolation techniques and their effect on melt modeling. We use data collected on Juncal Norte Glacier, central Chile, during one ablation season. We examine temporal and spatial variability in lapse rates (LRs), together with alternative statistical interpolation methods. The main control over the glacier thermal regime is the development of a katabatic boundary layer (KBL). Katabatic wind occurs at night and in the morning and is eroded in the afternoon. LRs reveal strong diurnal variability, with steeper LRs during the day when the katabatic wind weakens and shallower LRs during the night and morning. We suggest that temporally variable LRs should be used to account for the observed change. They tend to be steeper than equivalent constant LRs, and therefore result in a reduction in simulated melt compared to use of constant LRs when extrapolating from lower to higher elevations. In addition to the temporal variability, the temperature-elevation relationship varies also in space. Differences are evident between local LRs and including such variability in melt modeling affects melt simulations. Extrapolation methods based on the spatial variability of the observations after removal of the elevation trend, such as Inverse Distance Weighting or Kriging, do not seem necessary for simulations of gridded temperature data over a glacier."}],"date_updated":"2023-02-20T10:29:44Z","oa_version":"Published Version","type":"journal_article","month":"12","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:18:14Z","volume":116,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"D23","keyword":["Paleontology","Space and Planetary Science","Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)","Atmospheric Science","Earth-Surface Processes","Geochemistry and Petrology","Soil Science","Water Science and Technology","Ecology","Aquatic Science","Forestry","Oceanography","Geophysics"],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0148-0227"]},"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1029/2011jd015842","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","publication":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","day":"16","author":[{"last_name":"Petersen","first_name":"L.","full_name":"Petersen, L."},{"id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti"}],"title":"Spatial and temporal variability of air temperature on a melting glacier: Atmospheric controls, extrapolation methods and their effect on melt modeling, Juncal Norte Glacier, Chile","article_number":"D23109"},{"citation":{"ama":"Strasser U, Corripio J, Pellicciotti F, Burlando P, Brock B, Funk M. Spatial and temporal variability of meteorological variables at Haut Glacier d’Arolla (Switzerland) during the ablation season 2001: Measurements and simulations. <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>. 2004;109(D3). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jd003973\">10.1029/2003jd003973</a>","mla":"Strasser, Ulrich, et al. “Spatial and Temporal Variability of Meteorological Variables at Haut Glacier d’Arolla (Switzerland) during the Ablation Season 2001: Measurements and Simulations.” <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>, vol. 109, no. D3, D03103, American Geophysical Union, 2004, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jd003973\">10.1029/2003jd003973</a>.","ista":"Strasser U, Corripio J, Pellicciotti F, Burlando P, Brock B, Funk M. 2004. Spatial and temporal variability of meteorological variables at Haut Glacier d’Arolla (Switzerland) during the ablation season 2001: Measurements and simulations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 109(D3), D03103.","apa":"Strasser, U., Corripio, J., Pellicciotti, F., Burlando, P., Brock, B., &#38; Funk, M. (2004). Spatial and temporal variability of meteorological variables at Haut Glacier d’Arolla (Switzerland) during the ablation season 2001: Measurements and simulations. <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>. American Geophysical Union. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jd003973\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jd003973</a>","ieee":"U. Strasser, J. Corripio, F. Pellicciotti, P. Burlando, B. Brock, and M. Funk, “Spatial and temporal variability of meteorological variables at Haut Glacier d’Arolla (Switzerland) during the ablation season 2001: Measurements and simulations,” <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>, vol. 109, no. D3. American Geophysical Union, 2004.","chicago":"Strasser, Ulrich, Javier Corripio, Francesca Pellicciotti, Paolo Burlando, Ben Brock, and Martin Funk. “Spatial and Temporal Variability of Meteorological Variables at Haut Glacier d’Arolla (Switzerland) during the Ablation Season 2001: Measurements and Simulations.” <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</i>. American Geophysical Union, 2004. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jd003973\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jd003973</a>.","short":"U. Strasser, J. Corripio, F. Pellicciotti, P. Burlando, B. Brock, M. Funk, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 109 (2004)."},"extern":"1","intvolume":"       109","status":"public","date_published":"2004-02-16T00:00:00Z","publication_status":"published","_id":"12658","year":"2004","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:18:57Z","volume":109,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"[1] During the ablation period 2001 a glaciometeorological experiment was carried out on Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland. Five meteorological stations were installed on the glacier, and one permanent automatic weather station in the glacier foreland. The altitudes of the stations ranged between 2500 and 3000 m a.s.l., and they were in operation from end of May to beginning of September 2001. The spatial arrangement of the stations and temporal duration of the measurements generated a unique data set enabling the analysis of the spatial and temporal variability of the meteorological variables across an alpine glacier. All measurements were taken at a nominal height of 2 m, and hourly averages were derived for the analysis. The wind regime was dominated by the glacier wind (mean value 2.8 m s−1) but due to erosion by the synoptic gradient wind, occasionally the wind would blow up the valley. A slight decrease in mean 2 m air temperatures with altitude was found, however the 2 m air temperature gradient varied greatly and frequently changed its sign. Mean relative humidity was 71% and exhibited limited spatial variation. Mean incoming shortwave radiation and albedo both generally increased with elevation. The different components of shortwave radiation are quantified with a parameterization scheme. Resulting spatial variations are mainly due to horizon obstruction and reflections from surrounding slopes, i.e., topography. The effect of clouds accounts for a loss of 30% of the extraterrestrial flux. Albedos derived from a Landsat TM image of 30 July show remarkably constant values, in the range 0.49 to 0.50, across snow covered parts of the glacier, while albedo is highly spatially variable below the zone of continuous snow cover. These results are verified with ground measurements and compared with parameterized albedo. Mean longwave radiative fluxes decreased with elevation due to lower air temperatures and the effect of upper hemisphere slopes. It is shown through parameterization that this effect would even be more pronounced without the effect of clouds. Results are discussed with respect to a similar study which has been carried out on Pasterze Glacier (Austria). The presented algorithms for interpolating, parameterizing and simulating variables and parameters in alpine regions are integrated in the software package AMUNDSEN which is freely available to be adapted and further developed by the community."}],"date_updated":"2023-02-20T08:40:21Z","oa_version":"None","month":"02","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"D3","keyword":["Paleontology","Space and Planetary Science","Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)","Atmospheric Science","Earth-Surface Processes","Geochemistry and Petrology","Soil Science","Water Science and Technology","Ecology","Aquatic Science","Forestry","Oceanography","Geophysics"],"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1029/2003jd003973","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0148-0227"]},"scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","article_type":"original","publication":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","title":"Spatial and temporal variability of meteorological variables at Haut Glacier d'Arolla (Switzerland) during the ablation season 2001: Measurements and simulations","article_number":"D03103","day":"16","author":[{"first_name":"Ulrich","last_name":"Strasser","full_name":"Strasser, Ulrich"},{"full_name":"Corripio, Javier","first_name":"Javier","last_name":"Corripio"},{"last_name":"Pellicciotti","first_name":"Francesca","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70"},{"last_name":"Burlando","first_name":"Paolo","full_name":"Burlando, Paolo"},{"first_name":"Ben","last_name":"Brock","full_name":"Brock, Ben"},{"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Funk","full_name":"Funk, Martin"}]}]