---
_id: '11125'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Although nuclear envelope (NE) assembly is known to require the GTPase Ran,
    the membrane fusion machinery involved is uncharacterized. NE assembly involves
    formation of a reticular network on chromatin, fusion of this network into a closed
    NE and subsequent expansion. Here we show that p97, an AAA-ATPase previously implicated
    in fusion of Golgi and transitional endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes together
    with the adaptor p47, has two discrete functions in NE assembly. Formation of
    a closed NE requires the p97–Ufd1–Npl4 complex, not previously implicated in membrane
    fusion. Subsequent NE growth involves a p97–p47 complex. This study provides the
    first insights into the molecular mechanisms and specificity of fusion events
    involved in NE formation.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Martin W
  full_name: HETZER, Martin W
  id: 86c0d31b-b4eb-11ec-ac5a-eae7b2e135ed
  last_name: HETZER
  orcid: 0000-0002-2111-992X
- first_name: Hemmo H.
  full_name: Meyer, Hemmo H.
  last_name: Meyer
- first_name: Tobias C.
  full_name: Walther, Tobias C.
  last_name: Walther
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Bilbao-Cortes, Daniel
  last_name: Bilbao-Cortes
- first_name: Graham
  full_name: Warren, Graham
  last_name: Warren
- first_name: Iain W.
  full_name: Mattaj, Iain W.
  last_name: Mattaj
citation:
  ama: Hetzer M, Meyer HH, Walther TC, Bilbao-Cortes D, Warren G, Mattaj IW. Distinct
    AAA-ATPase p97 complexes function in discrete steps of nuclear assembly. <i>Nature
    Cell Biology</i>. 2001;3(12):1086-1091. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1201-1086">10.1038/ncb1201-1086</a>
  apa: Hetzer, M., Meyer, H. H., Walther, T. C., Bilbao-Cortes, D., Warren, G., &#38;
    Mattaj, I. W. (2001). Distinct AAA-ATPase p97 complexes function in discrete steps
    of nuclear assembly. <i>Nature Cell Biology</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1201-1086">https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1201-1086</a>
  chicago: Hetzer, Martin, Hemmo H. Meyer, Tobias C. Walther, Daniel Bilbao-Cortes,
    Graham Warren, and Iain W. Mattaj. “Distinct AAA-ATPase P97 Complexes Function
    in Discrete Steps of Nuclear Assembly.” <i>Nature Cell Biology</i>. Springer Nature,
    2001. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1201-1086">https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1201-1086</a>.
  ieee: M. Hetzer, H. H. Meyer, T. C. Walther, D. Bilbao-Cortes, G. Warren, and I.
    W. Mattaj, “Distinct AAA-ATPase p97 complexes function in discrete steps of nuclear
    assembly,” <i>Nature Cell Biology</i>, vol. 3, no. 12. Springer Nature, pp. 1086–1091,
    2001.
  ista: Hetzer M, Meyer HH, Walther TC, Bilbao-Cortes D, Warren G, Mattaj IW. 2001.
    Distinct AAA-ATPase p97 complexes function in discrete steps of nuclear assembly.
    Nature Cell Biology. 3(12), 1086–1091.
  mla: Hetzer, Martin, et al. “Distinct AAA-ATPase P97 Complexes Function in Discrete
    Steps of Nuclear Assembly.” <i>Nature Cell Biology</i>, vol. 3, no. 12, Springer
    Nature, 2001, pp. 1086–91, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1201-1086">10.1038/ncb1201-1086</a>.
  short: M. Hetzer, H.H. Meyer, T.C. Walther, D. Bilbao-Cortes, G. Warren, I.W. Mattaj,
    Nature Cell Biology 3 (2001) 1086–1091.
date_created: 2022-04-07T07:57:42Z
date_published: 2001-11-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-07-18T08:58:07Z
day: '02'
doi: 10.1038/ncb1201-1086
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '11781570'
intvolume: '         3'
issue: '12'
keyword:
- Cell Biology
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa_version: None
page: 1086-1091
pmid: 1
publication: Nature Cell Biology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1476-4679
  issn:
  - 1465-7392
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Distinct AAA-ATPase p97 complexes function in discrete steps of nuclear assembly
type: journal_article
user_id: 72615eeb-f1f3-11ec-aa25-d4573ddc34fd
volume: 3
year: '2001'
...
---
_id: '11126'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Nuclear import of the two uracil-rich small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (U snRNP)
    components U1A and U2B′′ is mediated by unusually long and complex nuclear localization
    signals (NLSs). Here we investigate nuclear import of U1A and U2B′′ in vitro and
    demonstrate that it occurs by an active, saturable process. Several lines of evidence
    suggest that import of the two proteins occurs by an import mechanism different
    to those characterized previously. No cross competition is seen with a variety
    of previously studied NLSs. In contrast to import mediated by members of the importin-β
    family of nucleocytoplasmic transport receptors, U1A/U2B′′ import is not inhibited
    by either nonhydrolyzable guanosine triphosphate (GTP) analogues or by a mutant
    of the GTPase Ran that is incapable of GTP hydrolysis. Adenosine triphosphate
    is capable of supporting U1A and U2B′′ import, whereas neither nonhydrolyzable
    adenosine triphosphate analogues nor GTP can do so. U1A and U2B′′ import in vitro
    does not require the addition of soluble cytosolic proteins, but a factor or factors
    required for U1A and U2B′′ import remains tightly associated with the nuclear
    fraction of conventionally permeabilized cells. This activity can be solubilized
    in the presence of elevated MgCl2. These data suggest that U1A and U2B′′ import
    into the nucleus occurs by a hitherto uncharacterized mechanism.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Martin W
  full_name: HETZER, Martin W
  id: 86c0d31b-b4eb-11ec-ac5a-eae7b2e135ed
  last_name: HETZER
  orcid: 0000-0002-2111-992X
- first_name: Iain W.
  full_name: Mattaj, Iain W.
  last_name: Mattaj
citation:
  ama: Hetzer M, Mattaj IW. An Atp-dependent, Ran-independent mechanism for nuclear
    import of the U1a and U2b′′ spliceosome proteins. <i>Journal of Cell Biology</i>.
    2000;148(2):293-304. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.148.2.293">10.1083/jcb.148.2.293</a>
  apa: Hetzer, M., &#38; Mattaj, I. W. (2000). An Atp-dependent, Ran-independent mechanism
    for nuclear import of the U1a and U2b′′ spliceosome proteins. <i>Journal of Cell
    Biology</i>. Rockefeller University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.148.2.293">https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.148.2.293</a>
  chicago: Hetzer, Martin, and Iain W. Mattaj. “An Atp-Dependent, Ran-Independent
    Mechanism for Nuclear Import of the U1a and U2b′′ Spliceosome Proteins.” <i>Journal
    of Cell Biology</i>. Rockefeller University Press, 2000. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.148.2.293">https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.148.2.293</a>.
  ieee: M. Hetzer and I. W. Mattaj, “An Atp-dependent, Ran-independent mechanism for
    nuclear import of the U1a and U2b′′ spliceosome proteins,” <i>Journal of Cell
    Biology</i>, vol. 148, no. 2. Rockefeller University Press, pp. 293–304, 2000.
  ista: Hetzer M, Mattaj IW. 2000. An Atp-dependent, Ran-independent mechanism for
    nuclear import of the U1a and U2b′′ spliceosome proteins. Journal of Cell Biology.
    148(2), 293–304.
  mla: Hetzer, Martin, and Iain W. Mattaj. “An Atp-Dependent, Ran-Independent Mechanism
    for Nuclear Import of the U1a and U2b′′ Spliceosome Proteins.” <i>Journal of Cell
    Biology</i>, vol. 148, no. 2, Rockefeller University Press, 2000, pp. 293–304,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.148.2.293">10.1083/jcb.148.2.293</a>.
  short: M. Hetzer, I.W. Mattaj, Journal of Cell Biology 148 (2000) 293–304.
date_created: 2022-04-07T07:57:49Z
date_published: 2000-01-24T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-07-18T08:58:29Z
day: '24'
doi: 10.1083/jcb.148.2.293
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '10648562'
intvolume: '       148'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Cell Biology
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 293-304
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Cell Biology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1540-8140
  issn:
  - 0021-9525
publication_status: published
publisher: Rockefeller University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: An Atp-dependent, Ran-independent mechanism for nuclear import of the U1a and
  U2b′′ spliceosome proteins
type: journal_article
user_id: 72615eeb-f1f3-11ec-aa25-d4573ddc34fd
volume: 148
year: '2000'
...
---
_id: '11127'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Nuclear formation in Xenopus egg extracts requires cytosol and is inhibited
    by GTPγS, indicating a requirement for GTPase activity. Nuclear envelope (NE)
    vesicle fusion is extensively inhibited by GTPγS and two mutant forms of the Ran
    GTPase, Q69L and T24N. Depletion of either Ran or RCC1, the exchange factor for
    Ran, from the assembly reaction also inhibits this step of NE formation. Ran depletion
    can be complemented by the addition of Ran loaded with either GTP or GDP but not
    with GTPγS. RCC1 depletion is only complemented by RCC1 itself or by RanGTP. Thus,
    generation of RanGTP by RCC1 and GTP hydrolysis by Ran are both required for the
    extensive membrane fusion events that lead to NE formation.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Martin W
  full_name: HETZER, Martin W
  id: 86c0d31b-b4eb-11ec-ac5a-eae7b2e135ed
  last_name: HETZER
  orcid: 0000-0002-2111-992X
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Bilbao-Cortés, Daniel
  last_name: Bilbao-Cortés
- first_name: Tobias C
  full_name: Walther, Tobias C
  last_name: Walther
- first_name: Oliver J
  full_name: Gruss, Oliver J
  last_name: Gruss
- first_name: Iain W
  full_name: Mattaj, Iain W
  last_name: Mattaj
citation:
  ama: Hetzer M, Bilbao-Cortés D, Walther TC, Gruss OJ, Mattaj IW. GTP hydrolysis
    by Ran is required for nuclear envelope assembly. <i>Molecular Cell</i>. 2000;5(6):1013-1024.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80266-x">10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80266-x</a>
  apa: Hetzer, M., Bilbao-Cortés, D., Walther, T. C., Gruss, O. J., &#38; Mattaj,
    I. W. (2000). GTP hydrolysis by Ran is required for nuclear envelope assembly.
    <i>Molecular Cell</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80266-x">https://doi.org/10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80266-x</a>
  chicago: Hetzer, Martin, Daniel Bilbao-Cortés, Tobias C Walther, Oliver J Gruss,
    and Iain W Mattaj. “GTP Hydrolysis by Ran Is Required for Nuclear Envelope Assembly.”
    <i>Molecular Cell</i>. Elsevier, 2000. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80266-x">https://doi.org/10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80266-x</a>.
  ieee: M. Hetzer, D. Bilbao-Cortés, T. C. Walther, O. J. Gruss, and I. W. Mattaj,
    “GTP hydrolysis by Ran is required for nuclear envelope assembly,” <i>Molecular
    Cell</i>, vol. 5, no. 6. Elsevier, pp. 1013–1024, 2000.
  ista: Hetzer M, Bilbao-Cortés D, Walther TC, Gruss OJ, Mattaj IW. 2000. GTP hydrolysis
    by Ran is required for nuclear envelope assembly. Molecular Cell. 5(6), 1013–1024.
  mla: Hetzer, Martin, et al. “GTP Hydrolysis by Ran Is Required for Nuclear Envelope
    Assembly.” <i>Molecular Cell</i>, vol. 5, no. 6, Elsevier, 2000, pp. 1013–24,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80266-x">10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80266-x</a>.
  short: M. Hetzer, D. Bilbao-Cortés, T.C. Walther, O.J. Gruss, I.W. Mattaj, Molecular
    Cell 5 (2000) 1013–1024.
date_created: 2022-04-07T07:57:59Z
date_published: 2000-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-07-18T08:58:31Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80266-x
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '10911995'
intvolume: '         5'
issue: '6'
keyword:
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80266-X
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1013-1024
pmid: 1
publication: Molecular Cell
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1097-2765
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: GTP hydrolysis by Ran is required for nuclear envelope assembly
type: journal_article
user_id: 72615eeb-f1f3-11ec-aa25-d4573ddc34fd
volume: 5
year: '2000'
...