---
_id: '10644'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The purpose of this application note is to demonstrate a working example of
    a superconducting qubit measurement in a Bluefors cryostat using the Keysight
    quantum control hardware. Our motivation is twofold. First, we provide pre-qualification
    data that the Bluefors cryostat, including filtering and wiring, can support long-lived
    qubits. Second, we demonstrate that the Keysight system (controlled using Labber)
    provides a straightforward solution to perform these characterization measurements.
    This document is intended as a brief guide for starting an experimental platform
    for testing superconducting qubits. The setup described here is an immediate jumping
    off point for a suite of applications including testing quantum logical gates,
    quantum optics with microwaves, or even using the qubit itself as a sensitive
    probe of local electromagnetic fields. Qubit measurements rely on high performance
    of both the physical sample environment and the measurement electronics. An overview
    of the cryogenic system is shown in Figure 1, and an overview of the integration
    between the electronics and cryostat (including wiring details) is shown in Figure
    2.
alternative_title:
- Bluefors Blog
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Russell
  full_name: Lake, Russell
  last_name: Lake
- first_name: Slawomir
  full_name: Simbierowicz, Slawomir
  last_name: Simbierowicz
- first_name: Philip
  full_name: Krantz, Philip
  last_name: Krantz
- first_name: Farid
  full_name: Hassani, Farid
  id: 2AED110C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hassani
- first_name: Johannes M
  full_name: Fink, Johannes M
  id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Fink
  orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
citation:
  ama: 'Lake R, Simbierowicz S, Krantz P, Hassani F, Fink JM. <i>The Bluefors Dilution
    Refrigerator as an Integrated Quantum Measurement System</i>. Helsinki, Finland:
    Bluefors Oy; 2021.'
  apa: 'Lake, R., Simbierowicz, S., Krantz, P., Hassani, F., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2021).
    <i>The Bluefors dilution refrigerator as an integrated quantum measurement system</i>.
    Helsinki, Finland: Bluefors Oy.'
  chicago: 'Lake, Russell, Slawomir Simbierowicz, Philip Krantz, Farid Hassani, and
    Johannes M Fink. <i>The Bluefors Dilution Refrigerator as an Integrated Quantum
    Measurement System</i>. Helsinki, Finland: Bluefors Oy, 2021.'
  ieee: 'R. Lake, S. Simbierowicz, P. Krantz, F. Hassani, and J. M. Fink, <i>The Bluefors
    dilution refrigerator as an integrated quantum measurement system</i>. Helsinki,
    Finland: Bluefors Oy, 2021.'
  ista: 'Lake R, Simbierowicz S, Krantz P, Hassani F, Fink JM. 2021. The Bluefors
    dilution refrigerator as an integrated quantum measurement system, Helsinki, Finland:
    Bluefors Oy, 9p.'
  mla: Lake, Russell, et al. <i>The Bluefors Dilution Refrigerator as an Integrated
    Quantum Measurement System</i>. Bluefors Oy, 2021.
  short: R. Lake, S. Simbierowicz, P. Krantz, F. Hassani, J.M. Fink, The Bluefors
    Dilution Refrigerator as an Integrated Quantum Measurement System, Bluefors Oy,
    Helsinki, Finland, 2021.
date_created: 2022-01-19T08:29:57Z
date_published: 2021-04-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-01-19T09:11:33Z
day: '20'
department:
- _id: JoFi
keyword:
- Application note
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://bluefors.com/blog/integrated-quantum-measurement-system/
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '9'
place: Helsinki, Finland
publication_status: published
publisher: Bluefors Oy
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: The Bluefors dilution refrigerator as an integrated quantum measurement system
type: other_academic_publication
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '10645'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Superconducting qubits have emerged as a highly versatile and useful platform
    for quantum technological applications [1]. Bluefors and Zurich Instruments have
    supported the growth of this field from the 2010s onwards by providing well-engineered
    and reliable measurement infrastructure [2]– [6]. Having a long and stable qubit
    lifetime is a critical system property. Therefore, considerable effort has already
    gone into measuring qubit energy-relaxation timescales and their fluctuations,
    see Refs. [7]–[10] among others. Accurately extracting the statistics of a quantum
    device requires users to perform time consuming measurements. One measurement
    challenge is that the detection of the state-dependent\r\nresponse of a superconducting
    resonator due to a dispersively-coupled qubit requires an inherently low signal
    level. Consequently, measurements must be performed using a microwave probe that
    contains only a few microwave photons. Improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
    by using near-quantum limited parametric amplifiers as well as the use of optimized
    signal processing enabled by efficient room temperature instrumentation help to
    reduce measurement time. An empirical observation for fixed frequency transmons
    from recent literature is that as the energy-relaxation time \U0001D447\U0001D4471
    increases, so do its natural temporal fluctuations [7], [10]. This necessitates
    many repeated measurements to understand the statistics (see for example, Ref.
    [10]). In addition, as state-of-the-art qubits increase in lifetime, longer\r\nmeasurement
    times are expected to obtain accurate statistics. As described below, the scaling
    of the widths of the qubit energy-relaxation distributions also reveal clues about
    the origin of the energy-relaxation."
alternative_title:
- Bluefors Blog
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Slawomir
  full_name: Simbierowicz, Slawomir
  last_name: Simbierowicz
- first_name: Chunyan
  full_name: Shi, Chunyan
  last_name: Shi
- first_name: Michele
  full_name: Collodo, Michele
  last_name: Collodo
- first_name: Moritz
  full_name: Kirste, Moritz
  last_name: Kirste
- first_name: Farid
  full_name: Hassani, Farid
  id: 2AED110C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hassani
- first_name: Johannes M
  full_name: Fink, Johannes M
  id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Fink
  orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
- first_name: Jonas
  full_name: Bylander, Jonas
  last_name: Bylander
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Perez Lozano, Daniel
  last_name: Perez Lozano
- first_name: Russell
  full_name: Lake, Russell
  last_name: Lake
citation:
  ama: 'Simbierowicz S, Shi C, Collodo M, et al. <i>Qubit Energy-Relaxation Statistics
    in the Bluefors Quantum Measurement System</i>. Helsinki, Finland: Bluefors Oy;
    2021.'
  apa: 'Simbierowicz, S., Shi, C., Collodo, M., Kirste, M., Hassani, F., Fink, J.
    M., … Lake, R. (2021). <i>Qubit energy-relaxation statistics in the Bluefors quantum
    measurement system</i>. Helsinki, Finland: Bluefors Oy.'
  chicago: 'Simbierowicz, Slawomir, Chunyan Shi, Michele Collodo, Moritz Kirste, Farid
    Hassani, Johannes M Fink, Jonas Bylander, Daniel Perez Lozano, and Russell Lake.
    <i>Qubit Energy-Relaxation Statistics in the Bluefors Quantum Measurement System</i>.
    Helsinki, Finland: Bluefors Oy, 2021.'
  ieee: 'S. Simbierowicz <i>et al.</i>, <i>Qubit energy-relaxation statistics in the
    Bluefors quantum measurement system</i>. Helsinki, Finland: Bluefors Oy, 2021.'
  ista: 'Simbierowicz S, Shi C, Collodo M, Kirste M, Hassani F, Fink JM, Bylander
    J, Perez Lozano D, Lake R. 2021. Qubit energy-relaxation statistics in the Bluefors
    quantum measurement system, Helsinki, Finland: Bluefors Oy, 8p.'
  mla: Simbierowicz, Slawomir, et al. <i>Qubit Energy-Relaxation Statistics in the
    Bluefors Quantum Measurement System</i>. Bluefors Oy, 2021.
  short: S. Simbierowicz, C. Shi, M. Collodo, M. Kirste, F. Hassani, J.M. Fink, J.
    Bylander, D. Perez Lozano, R. Lake, Qubit Energy-Relaxation Statistics in the
    Bluefors Quantum Measurement System, Bluefors Oy, Helsinki, Finland, 2021.
date_created: 2022-01-19T08:41:14Z
date_published: 2021-06-03T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-01-19T09:11:39Z
day: '03'
department:
- _id: JoFi
keyword:
- Application note
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://bluefors.com/blog/application-note-qubit-energy-relaxation-statistics-bluefors-quantum-measurement-system/
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '8'
place: Helsinki, Finland
publication_status: published
publisher: Bluefors Oy
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Qubit energy-relaxation statistics in the Bluefors quantum measurement system
type: other_academic_publication
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
year: '2021'
...