---
_id: '10813'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Redox mediators could catalyse otherwise slow and energy-inefficient cycling
    of Li–S and Li–O2 batteries by shuttling electrons or holes between the electrode
    and the solid insulating storage materials. For mediators to work efficiently
    they need to oxidize the solid with fast kinetics but with the lowest possible
    overpotential. However, the dependence of kinetics and overpotential is unclear,
    which hinders informed improvement. Here, we find that when the redox potentials
    of mediators are tuned via, for example, Li+ concentration in the electrolyte,
    they exhibit distinct threshold potentials, where the kinetics accelerate several-fold
    within a range as small as 10 mV. This phenomenon is independent of types of mediator
    and electrolyte. The acceleration originates from the overpotentials required
    to activate fast Li+/e− extraction and the following chemical step at specific
    abundant surface facets. Efficient redox catalysis at insulating solids therefore
    requires careful consideration of the surface conditions of the storage materials
    and electrolyte-dependent redox potentials, which may be tuned by salt concentrations
    or solvents.
acknowledgement: This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science
  Foundation of China (grant nos. 51773092, 21975124, 11874254, 51802187 and U2030206).
  It was further supported by Fujian science & technology innovation laboratory for
  energy devices of China (21C-LAB), Key Research Project of Zhejiang Laboratory (grant
  no. 2021PE0AC02) and the Cultivation Program for the Excellent Doctoral Dissertation
  of Nanjing Tech University. S.A.F. is indebted to IST Austria for support.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Deqing
  full_name: Cao, Deqing
  last_name: Cao
- first_name: Xiaoxiao
  full_name: Shen, Xiaoxiao
  last_name: Shen
- first_name: Aiping
  full_name: Wang, Aiping
  last_name: Wang
- first_name: Fengjiao
  full_name: Yu, Fengjiao
  last_name: Yu
- first_name: Yuping
  full_name: Wu, Yuping
  last_name: Wu
- first_name: Siqi
  full_name: Shi, Siqi
  last_name: Shi
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Yuhui
  full_name: Chen, Yuhui
  last_name: Chen
citation:
  ama: Cao D, Shen X, Wang A, et al. Threshold potentials for fast kinetics during
    mediated redox catalysis of insulators in Li–O2 and Li–S batteries. <i>Nature
    Catalysis</i>. 2022;5:193-201. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-022-00752-z">10.1038/s41929-022-00752-z</a>
  apa: Cao, D., Shen, X., Wang, A., Yu, F., Wu, Y., Shi, S., … Chen, Y. (2022). Threshold
    potentials for fast kinetics during mediated redox catalysis of insulators in
    Li–O2 and Li–S batteries. <i>Nature Catalysis</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-022-00752-z">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-022-00752-z</a>
  chicago: Cao, Deqing, Xiaoxiao Shen, Aiping Wang, Fengjiao Yu, Yuping Wu, Siqi Shi,
    Stefan Alexander Freunberger, and Yuhui Chen. “Threshold Potentials for Fast Kinetics
    during Mediated Redox Catalysis of Insulators in Li–O2 and Li–S Batteries.” <i>Nature
    Catalysis</i>. Springer Nature, 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-022-00752-z">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-022-00752-z</a>.
  ieee: D. Cao <i>et al.</i>, “Threshold potentials for fast kinetics during mediated
    redox catalysis of insulators in Li–O2 and Li–S batteries,” <i>Nature Catalysis</i>,
    vol. 5. Springer Nature, pp. 193–201, 2022.
  ista: Cao D, Shen X, Wang A, Yu F, Wu Y, Shi S, Freunberger SA, Chen Y. 2022. Threshold
    potentials for fast kinetics during mediated redox catalysis of insulators in
    Li–O2 and Li–S batteries. Nature Catalysis. 5, 193–201.
  mla: Cao, Deqing, et al. “Threshold Potentials for Fast Kinetics during Mediated
    Redox Catalysis of Insulators in Li–O2 and Li–S Batteries.” <i>Nature Catalysis</i>,
    vol. 5, Springer Nature, 2022, pp. 193–201, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-022-00752-z">10.1038/s41929-022-00752-z</a>.
  short: D. Cao, X. Shen, A. Wang, F. Yu, Y. Wu, S. Shi, S.A. Freunberger, Y. Chen,
    Nature Catalysis 5 (2022) 193–201.
date_created: 2022-03-04T07:50:10Z
date_published: 2022-03-03T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-10-17T13:06:28Z
day: '03'
department:
- _id: StFr
doi: 10.1038/s41929-022-00752-z
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000763879400001'
intvolume: '         5'
isi: 1
keyword:
- Process Chemistry and Technology
- Biochemistry
- Bioengineering
- Catalysis
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-750965/v1
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 193-201
publication: Nature Catalysis
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2520-1158
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '9978'
    relation: earlier_version
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Threshold potentials for fast kinetics during mediated redox catalysis of insulators
  in Li–O2 and Li–S batteries
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 5
year: '2022'
...