---
_id: '7287'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Passivation layers on electrode materials are ubiquitous in nonaqueous battery
    chemistries and strongly govern performance and lifetime. They comprise breakdown
    products of the electrolyte including carbonate, alkyl carbonates, alkoxides,
    carboxylates, and polymers. Parasitic chemistry in metal–O2 batteries forms similar
    products and is tied to the deviation of the O2 balance from the ideal stoichiometry
    during formation/decomposition of alkaline peroxides or superoxides. Accurate
    and integral quantification of carbonaceous species and peroxides or superoxides
    in battery electrodes remains, however, elusive. We present a refined procedure
    to quantify them accurately and sensitively by pointing out and rectifying pitfalls
    of previous procedures. Carbonaceous compounds are differentiated into inorganic
    and organic ones. We combine mass and UV–vis spectrometry to quantify evolved
    O2 and complexed peroxide and CO2 evolved from carbonaceous compounds by acid
    treatment and Fenton’s reaction. The capabilities of the method are exemplified
    by means of Li–O2 and Na–O2 cathodes, graphite anodes, and LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2
    cathodes.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: letter_note
author:
- first_name: Bettina
  full_name: Schafzahl, Bettina
  last_name: Schafzahl
- first_name: Eléonore
  full_name: Mourad, Eléonore
  last_name: Mourad
- first_name: Lukas
  full_name: Schafzahl, Lukas
  last_name: Schafzahl
- first_name: Yann K.
  full_name: Petit, Yann K.
  last_name: Petit
- first_name: Anjana R.
  full_name: Raju, Anjana R.
  last_name: Raju
- first_name: Musthafa Ottakam
  full_name: Thotiyl, Musthafa Ottakam
  last_name: Thotiyl
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Wilkening, Martin
  last_name: Wilkening
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Slugovc, Christian
  last_name: Slugovc
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
citation:
  ama: Schafzahl B, Mourad E, Schafzahl L, et al. Quantifying total superoxide, peroxide,
    and carbonaceous compounds in metal–O2 batteries and the solid electrolyte interphase.
    <i>ACS Energy Letters</i>. 2018;3(1):170-176. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b01111">10.1021/acsenergylett.7b01111</a>
  apa: Schafzahl, B., Mourad, E., Schafzahl, L., Petit, Y. K., Raju, A. R., Thotiyl,
    M. O., … Freunberger, S. A. (2018). Quantifying total superoxide, peroxide, and
    carbonaceous compounds in metal–O2 batteries and the solid electrolyte interphase.
    <i>ACS Energy Letters</i>. ACS. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b01111">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b01111</a>
  chicago: Schafzahl, Bettina, Eléonore Mourad, Lukas Schafzahl, Yann K. Petit, Anjana
    R. Raju, Musthafa Ottakam Thotiyl, Martin Wilkening, Christian Slugovc, and Stefan
    Alexander Freunberger. “Quantifying Total Superoxide, Peroxide, and Carbonaceous
    Compounds in Metal–O2 Batteries and the Solid Electrolyte Interphase.” <i>ACS
    Energy Letters</i>. ACS, 2018. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b01111">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b01111</a>.
  ieee: B. Schafzahl <i>et al.</i>, “Quantifying total superoxide, peroxide, and carbonaceous
    compounds in metal–O2 batteries and the solid electrolyte interphase,” <i>ACS
    Energy Letters</i>, vol. 3, no. 1. ACS, pp. 170–176, 2018.
  ista: Schafzahl B, Mourad E, Schafzahl L, Petit YK, Raju AR, Thotiyl MO, Wilkening
    M, Slugovc C, Freunberger SA. 2018. Quantifying total superoxide, peroxide, and
    carbonaceous compounds in metal–O2 batteries and the solid electrolyte interphase.
    ACS Energy Letters. 3(1), 170–176.
  mla: Schafzahl, Bettina, et al. “Quantifying Total Superoxide, Peroxide, and Carbonaceous
    Compounds in Metal–O2 Batteries and the Solid Electrolyte Interphase.” <i>ACS
    Energy Letters</i>, vol. 3, no. 1, ACS, 2018, pp. 170–76, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b01111">10.1021/acsenergylett.7b01111</a>.
  short: B. Schafzahl, E. Mourad, L. Schafzahl, Y.K. Petit, A.R. Raju, M.O. Thotiyl,
    M. Wilkening, C. Slugovc, S.A. Freunberger, ACS Energy Letters 3 (2018) 170–176.
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:13:52Z
date_published: 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:12:46Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '540'
- '543'
- '546'
- '547'
doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.7b01111
extern: '1'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 461ccf575ba077af90314fe72d20521e
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: sfreunbe
  date_created: 2020-06-29T14:19:36Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:55Z
  file_id: '8049'
  file_name: O2 TIOC_fin_incl_SI.pdf
  file_size: 1892355
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:55Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         3'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
page: 170-176
publication: ACS Energy Letters
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2380-8195
  - 2380-8195
publication_status: published
publisher: ACS
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Quantifying total superoxide, peroxide, and carbonaceous compounds in metal–O2
  batteries and the solid electrolyte interphase
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 3
year: '2018'
...