--- _id: '12575' abstract: - lang: eng text: The current Chilean megadrought has led to acute water shortages in central Chile since 2010. Glaciers have provided vital fresh water to the region's rivers, but the quantity, timing and sustainability of that provision remain unclear. Here we combine in-situ, remote sensing and climate reanalysis data to show that from 2010 to 2018 during the megadrought, unsustainable imbalance ablation of glaciers (ablation not balanced by new snowfall) strongly buffered the late-summer discharge of the Maipo River, a primary source of water to Santiago. If there had been no glaciers, water availability would have been reduced from December through May, with a 31 ± 19% decrease during March. Our results indicate that while the annual contributions of imbalance ablation to river discharge during the megadrought have been small compared to those from precipitation and sustainable balance ablation, they have nevertheless been a substantial input to a hydrological system that was already experiencing high water stress. The water-equivalent volume of imbalance ablation generated in the Maipo Basin between 2010 and 2018 was 740 × 106 m3 (19 ± 12 mm yr−1), approximately 3.4 times the capacity of the basin's El Yeso Reservoir. This is equivalent to 14% of Santiago's potable water use in that time, while total glacier ablation was equivalent to 59%. We show that glacier retreat will exacerbate river discharge deficits and further jeopardize water availability in central Chile if precipitation deficits endure, and conjecture that these effects will be amplified by climatic warming. article_number: e2022EF002852 article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Michael full_name: McCarthy, Michael last_name: McCarthy - first_name: Fabienne full_name: Meier, Fabienne last_name: Meier - first_name: Simone full_name: Fatichi, Simone last_name: Fatichi - first_name: Benjamin D. full_name: Stocker, Benjamin D. last_name: Stocker - first_name: Thomas E. full_name: Shaw, Thomas E. last_name: Shaw - first_name: Evan full_name: Miles, Evan last_name: Miles - first_name: Inés full_name: Dussaillant, Inés last_name: Dussaillant - first_name: Francesca full_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca id: b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70 last_name: Pellicciotti citation: ama: McCarthy M, Meier F, Fatichi S, et al. Glacier contributions to river discharge during the current Chilean megadrought. Earth’s Future. 2022;10(10). doi:10.1029/2022ef002852 apa: McCarthy, M., Meier, F., Fatichi, S., Stocker, B. D., Shaw, T. E., Miles, E., … Pellicciotti, F. (2022). Glacier contributions to river discharge during the current Chilean megadrought. Earth’s Future. American Geophysical Union. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ef002852 chicago: McCarthy, Michael, Fabienne Meier, Simone Fatichi, Benjamin D. Stocker, Thomas E. Shaw, Evan Miles, Inés Dussaillant, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Glacier Contributions to River Discharge during the Current Chilean Megadrought.” Earth’s Future. American Geophysical Union, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ef002852. ieee: M. McCarthy et al., “Glacier contributions to river discharge during the current Chilean megadrought,” Earth’s Future, vol. 10, no. 10. American Geophysical Union, 2022. ista: McCarthy M, Meier F, Fatichi S, Stocker BD, Shaw TE, Miles E, Dussaillant I, Pellicciotti F. 2022. Glacier contributions to river discharge during the current Chilean megadrought. Earth’s Future. 10(10), e2022EF002852. mla: McCarthy, Michael, et al. “Glacier Contributions to River Discharge during the Current Chilean Megadrought.” Earth’s Future, vol. 10, no. 10, e2022EF002852, American Geophysical Union, 2022, doi:10.1029/2022ef002852. short: M. McCarthy, F. Meier, S. Fatichi, B.D. Stocker, T.E. Shaw, E. Miles, I. Dussaillant, F. Pellicciotti, Earth’s Future 10 (2022). date_created: 2023-02-20T08:09:49Z date_published: 2022-10-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-02-28T13:55:32Z day: '01' doi: 10.1029/2022ef002852 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 10' issue: '10' keyword: - Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) - General Environmental Science language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF002852 month: '10' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Earth's Future publication_identifier: issn: - 2328-4277 publication_status: published publisher: American Geophysical Union quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Glacier contributions to river discharge during the current Chilean megadrought type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 10 year: '2022' ... --- _id: '12580' abstract: - lang: eng text: River systems originating from the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) are dominated by runoff from snow and glacier melt and summer monsoonal rainfall. These water resources are highly stressed as huge populations of people living in this region depend on them, including for agriculture, domestic use, and energy production. Projections suggest that the UIB region will be affected by considerable (yet poorly quantified) changes to the seasonality and composition of runoff in the future, which are likely to have considerable impacts on these supplies. Given how directly and indirectly communities and ecosystems are dependent on these resources and the growing pressure on them due to ever-increasing demands, the impacts of climate change pose considerable adaptation challenges. The strong linkages between hydroclimate, cryosphere, water resources, and human activities within the UIB suggest that a multi- and inter-disciplinary research approach integrating the social and natural/environmental sciences is critical for successful adaptation to ongoing and future hydrological and climate change. Here we use a horizon scanning technique to identify the Top 100 questions related to the most pressing knowledge gaps and research priorities in social and natural sciences on climate change and water in the UIB. These questions are on the margins of current thinking and investigation and are clustered into 14 themes, covering three overarching topics of “governance, policy, and sustainable solutions”, “socioeconomic processes and livelihoods”, and “integrated Earth System processes”. Raising awareness of these cutting-edge knowledge gaps and opportunities will hopefully encourage researchers, funding bodies, practitioners, and policy makers to address them. article_number: e2021EF002619 article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Andrew full_name: Orr, Andrew last_name: Orr - first_name: Bashir full_name: Ahmad, Bashir last_name: Ahmad - first_name: Undala full_name: Alam, Undala last_name: Alam - first_name: ArivudaiNambi full_name: Appadurai, ArivudaiNambi last_name: Appadurai - first_name: Zareen P. full_name: Bharucha, Zareen P. last_name: Bharucha - first_name: Hester full_name: Biemans, Hester last_name: Biemans - first_name: Tobias full_name: Bolch, Tobias last_name: Bolch - first_name: Narayan P. full_name: Chaulagain, Narayan P. last_name: Chaulagain - first_name: Sanita full_name: Dhaubanjar, Sanita last_name: Dhaubanjar - first_name: A. P. full_name: Dimri, A. P. last_name: Dimri - first_name: Harry full_name: Dixon, Harry last_name: Dixon - first_name: Hayley J. full_name: Fowler, Hayley J. last_name: Fowler - first_name: Giovanna full_name: Gioli, Giovanna last_name: Gioli - first_name: Sarah J. full_name: Halvorson, Sarah J. last_name: Halvorson - first_name: Abid full_name: Hussain, Abid last_name: Hussain - first_name: Ghulam full_name: Jeelani, Ghulam last_name: Jeelani - first_name: Simi full_name: Kamal, Simi last_name: Kamal - first_name: Imran S. full_name: Khalid, Imran S. last_name: Khalid - first_name: Shiyin full_name: Liu, Shiyin last_name: Liu - first_name: Arthur full_name: Lutz, Arthur last_name: Lutz - first_name: Meeta K. full_name: Mehra, Meeta K. last_name: Mehra - first_name: Evan full_name: Miles, Evan last_name: Miles - first_name: Andrea full_name: Momblanch, Andrea last_name: Momblanch - first_name: Veruska full_name: Muccione, Veruska last_name: Muccione - first_name: Aditi full_name: Mukherji, Aditi last_name: Mukherji - first_name: Daanish full_name: Mustafa, Daanish last_name: Mustafa - first_name: Omaid full_name: Najmuddin, Omaid last_name: Najmuddin - first_name: Mohammad N. full_name: Nasimi, Mohammad N. last_name: Nasimi - first_name: Marcus full_name: Nüsser, Marcus last_name: Nüsser - first_name: Vishnu P. full_name: Pandey, Vishnu P. last_name: Pandey - first_name: Sitara full_name: Parveen, Sitara last_name: Parveen - first_name: Francesca full_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca id: b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70 last_name: Pellicciotti - first_name: Carmel full_name: Pollino, Carmel last_name: Pollino - first_name: Emily full_name: Potter, Emily last_name: Potter - first_name: Mohammad R. full_name: Qazizada, Mohammad R. last_name: Qazizada - first_name: Saon full_name: Ray, Saon last_name: Ray - first_name: Shakil full_name: Romshoo, Shakil last_name: Romshoo - first_name: Syamal K. full_name: Sarkar, Syamal K. last_name: Sarkar - first_name: Amiera full_name: Sawas, Amiera last_name: Sawas - first_name: Sumit full_name: Sen, Sumit last_name: Sen - first_name: Attaullah full_name: Shah, Attaullah last_name: Shah - first_name: M. Azeem Ali full_name: Shah, M. Azeem Ali last_name: Shah - first_name: Joseph M. full_name: Shea, Joseph M. last_name: Shea - first_name: Ali T. full_name: Sheikh, Ali T. last_name: Sheikh - first_name: Arun B. full_name: Shrestha, Arun B. last_name: Shrestha - first_name: Shresth full_name: Tayal, Shresth last_name: Tayal - first_name: Snehlata full_name: Tigala, Snehlata last_name: Tigala - first_name: Zeeshan T. full_name: Virk, Zeeshan T. last_name: Virk - first_name: Philippus full_name: Wester, Philippus last_name: Wester - first_name: James L. full_name: Wescoat, James L. last_name: Wescoat citation: ama: 'Orr A, Ahmad B, Alam U, et al. Knowledge priorities on climate change and water in the Upper Indus Basin: A horizon scanning exercise to identify the Top 100 research questions in social and natural sciences. Earth’s Future. 2022;10(4). doi:10.1029/2021ef002619' apa: 'Orr, A., Ahmad, B., Alam, U., Appadurai, A., Bharucha, Z. P., Biemans, H., … Wescoat, J. L. (2022). Knowledge priorities on climate change and water in the Upper Indus Basin: A horizon scanning exercise to identify the Top 100 research questions in social and natural sciences. Earth’s Future. American Geophysical Union. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ef002619' chicago: 'Orr, Andrew, Bashir Ahmad, Undala Alam, ArivudaiNambi Appadurai, Zareen P. Bharucha, Hester Biemans, Tobias Bolch, et al. “Knowledge Priorities on Climate Change and Water in the Upper Indus Basin: A Horizon Scanning Exercise to Identify the Top 100 Research Questions in Social and Natural Sciences.” Earth’s Future. American Geophysical Union, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ef002619.' ieee: 'A. Orr et al., “Knowledge priorities on climate change and water in the Upper Indus Basin: A horizon scanning exercise to identify the Top 100 research questions in social and natural sciences,” Earth’s Future, vol. 10, no. 4. American Geophysical Union, 2022.' ista: 'Orr A, Ahmad B, Alam U, Appadurai A, Bharucha ZP, Biemans H, Bolch T, Chaulagain NP, Dhaubanjar S, Dimri AP, Dixon H, Fowler HJ, Gioli G, Halvorson SJ, Hussain A, Jeelani G, Kamal S, Khalid IS, Liu S, Lutz A, Mehra MK, Miles E, Momblanch A, Muccione V, Mukherji A, Mustafa D, Najmuddin O, Nasimi MN, Nüsser M, Pandey VP, Parveen S, Pellicciotti F, Pollino C, Potter E, Qazizada MR, Ray S, Romshoo S, Sarkar SK, Sawas A, Sen S, Shah A, Shah MAA, Shea JM, Sheikh AT, Shrestha AB, Tayal S, Tigala S, Virk ZT, Wester P, Wescoat JL. 2022. Knowledge priorities on climate change and water in the Upper Indus Basin: A horizon scanning exercise to identify the Top 100 research questions in social and natural sciences. Earth’s Future. 10(4), e2021EF002619.' mla: 'Orr, Andrew, et al. “Knowledge Priorities on Climate Change and Water in the Upper Indus Basin: A Horizon Scanning Exercise to Identify the Top 100 Research Questions in Social and Natural Sciences.” Earth’s Future, vol. 10, no. 4, e2021EF002619, American Geophysical Union, 2022, doi:10.1029/2021ef002619.' short: A. Orr, B. Ahmad, U. Alam, A. Appadurai, Z.P. Bharucha, H. Biemans, T. Bolch, N.P. Chaulagain, S. Dhaubanjar, A.P. Dimri, H. Dixon, H.J. Fowler, G. Gioli, S.J. Halvorson, A. Hussain, G. Jeelani, S. Kamal, I.S. Khalid, S. Liu, A. Lutz, M.K. Mehra, E. Miles, A. Momblanch, V. Muccione, A. Mukherji, D. Mustafa, O. Najmuddin, M.N. Nasimi, M. Nüsser, V.P. Pandey, S. Parveen, F. Pellicciotti, C. Pollino, E. Potter, M.R. Qazizada, S. Ray, S. Romshoo, S.K. Sarkar, A. Sawas, S. Sen, A. Shah, M.A.A. Shah, J.M. Shea, A.T. Sheikh, A.B. Shrestha, S. Tayal, S. Tigala, Z.T. Virk, P. Wester, J.L. Wescoat, Earth’s Future 10 (2022). date_created: 2023-02-20T08:10:23Z date_published: 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-02-28T13:41:50Z day: '01' doi: 10.1029/2021ef002619 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 10' issue: '4' keyword: - Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) - General Environmental Science language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EF002619 month: '04' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Earth's Future publication_identifier: issn: - 2328-4277 publication_status: published publisher: American Geophysical Union quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Knowledge priorities on climate change and water in the Upper Indus Basin: A horizon scanning exercise to identify the Top 100 research questions in social and natural sciences' type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 10 year: '2022' ...