@article{12575,
  abstract     = {The current Chilean megadrought has led to acute water shortages in central Chile since 2010. Glaciers have provided vital fresh water to the region's rivers, but the quantity, timing and sustainability of that provision remain unclear. Here we combine in-situ, remote sensing and climate reanalysis data to show that from 2010 to 2018 during the megadrought, unsustainable imbalance ablation of glaciers (ablation not balanced by new snowfall) strongly buffered the late-summer discharge of the Maipo River, a primary source of water to Santiago. If there had been no glaciers, water availability would have been reduced from December through May, with a 31 ± 19% decrease during March. Our results indicate that while the annual contributions of imbalance ablation to river discharge during the megadrought have been small compared to those from precipitation and sustainable balance ablation, they have nevertheless been a substantial input to a hydrological system that was already experiencing high water stress. The water-equivalent volume of imbalance ablation generated in the Maipo Basin between 2010 and 2018 was 740 × 106 m3 (19 ± 12 mm yr−1), approximately 3.4 times the capacity of the basin's El Yeso Reservoir. This is equivalent to 14% of Santiago's potable water use in that time, while total glacier ablation was equivalent to 59%. We show that glacier retreat will exacerbate river discharge deficits and further jeopardize water availability in central Chile if precipitation deficits endure, and conjecture that these effects will be amplified by climatic warming.},
  author       = {McCarthy, Michael and Meier, Fabienne and Fatichi, Simone and Stocker, Benjamin D. and Shaw, Thomas E. and Miles, Evan and Dussaillant, Inés and Pellicciotti, Francesca},
  issn         = {2328-4277},
  journal      = {Earth's Future},
  keywords     = {Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), General Environmental Science},
  number       = {10},
  publisher    = {American Geophysical Union},
  title        = {{Glacier contributions to river discharge during the current Chilean megadrought}},
  doi          = {10.1029/2022ef002852},
  volume       = {10},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12580,
  abstract     = {River systems originating from the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) are dominated by runoff from snow and glacier melt and summer monsoonal rainfall. These water resources are highly stressed as huge populations of people living in this region depend on them, including for agriculture, domestic use, and energy production. Projections suggest that the UIB region will be affected by considerable (yet poorly quantified) changes to the seasonality and composition of runoff in the future, which are likely to have considerable impacts on these supplies. Given how directly and indirectly communities and ecosystems are dependent on these resources and the growing pressure on them due to ever-increasing demands, the impacts of climate change pose considerable adaptation challenges. The strong linkages between hydroclimate, cryosphere, water resources, and human activities within the UIB suggest that a multi- and inter-disciplinary research approach integrating the social and natural/environmental sciences is critical for successful adaptation to ongoing and future hydrological and climate change. Here we use a horizon scanning technique to identify the Top 100 questions related to the most pressing knowledge gaps and research priorities in social and natural sciences on climate change and water in the UIB. These questions are on the margins of current thinking and investigation and are clustered into 14 themes, covering three overarching topics of “governance, policy, and sustainable solutions”, “socioeconomic processes and livelihoods”, and “integrated Earth System processes”. Raising awareness of these cutting-edge knowledge gaps and opportunities will hopefully encourage researchers, funding bodies, practitioners, and policy makers to address them.},
  author       = {Orr, Andrew and Ahmad, Bashir and Alam, Undala and Appadurai, ArivudaiNambi and Bharucha, Zareen P. and Biemans, Hester and Bolch, Tobias and Chaulagain, Narayan P. and Dhaubanjar, Sanita and Dimri, A. P. and Dixon, Harry and Fowler, Hayley J. and Gioli, Giovanna and Halvorson, Sarah J. and Hussain, Abid and Jeelani, Ghulam and Kamal, Simi and Khalid, Imran S. and Liu, Shiyin and Lutz, Arthur and Mehra, Meeta K. and Miles, Evan and Momblanch, Andrea and Muccione, Veruska and Mukherji, Aditi and Mustafa, Daanish and Najmuddin, Omaid and Nasimi, Mohammad N. and Nüsser, Marcus and Pandey, Vishnu P. and Parveen, Sitara and Pellicciotti, Francesca and Pollino, Carmel and Potter, Emily and Qazizada, Mohammad R. and Ray, Saon and Romshoo, Shakil and Sarkar, Syamal K. and Sawas, Amiera and Sen, Sumit and Shah, Attaullah and Shah, M. Azeem Ali and Shea, Joseph M. and Sheikh, Ali T. and Shrestha, Arun B. and Tayal, Shresth and Tigala, Snehlata and Virk, Zeeshan T. and Wester, Philippus and Wescoat, James L.},
  issn         = {2328-4277},
  journal      = {Earth's Future},
  keywords     = {Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), General Environmental Science},
  number       = {4},
  publisher    = {American Geophysical Union},
  title        = {{Knowledge priorities on climate change and water in the Upper Indus Basin: A horizon scanning exercise to identify the Top 100 research questions in social and natural sciences}},
  doi          = {10.1029/2021ef002619},
  volume       = {10},
  year         = {2022},
}