[{"publication_status":"published","oa":1,"date_published":"2019-06-04T00:00:00Z","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00143","open_access":"1"}],"status":"public","extern":"1","intvolume":"         7","citation":{"apa":"Wijngaard, R. R., Steiner, J. F., Kraaijenbrink, P. D. A., Klug, C., Adhikari, S., Banerjee, A., … Immerzeel, W. W. (2019). Modeling the response of the Langtang Glacier and the Hintereisferner to a changing climate since the Little Ice Age. <i>Frontiers in Earth Science</i>. Frontiers Media. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00143\">https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00143</a>","ista":"Wijngaard RR, Steiner JF, Kraaijenbrink PDA, Klug C, Adhikari S, Banerjee A, Pellicciotti F, van Beek LPH, Bierkens MFP, Lutz AF, Immerzeel WW. 2019. Modeling the response of the Langtang Glacier and the Hintereisferner to a changing climate since the Little Ice Age. Frontiers in Earth Science. 7, 143.","mla":"Wijngaard, René R., et al. “Modeling the Response of the Langtang Glacier and the Hintereisferner to a Changing Climate since the Little Ice Age.” <i>Frontiers in Earth Science</i>, vol. 7, 143, Frontiers Media, 2019, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00143\">10.3389/feart.2019.00143</a>.","ama":"Wijngaard RR, Steiner JF, Kraaijenbrink PDA, et al. Modeling the response of the Langtang Glacier and the Hintereisferner to a changing climate since the Little Ice Age. <i>Frontiers in Earth Science</i>. 2019;7. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00143\">10.3389/feart.2019.00143</a>","short":"R.R. Wijngaard, J.F. Steiner, P.D.A. Kraaijenbrink, C. Klug, S. Adhikari, A. Banerjee, F. Pellicciotti, L.P.H. van Beek, M.F.P. Bierkens, A.F. Lutz, W.W. Immerzeel, Frontiers in Earth Science 7 (2019).","chicago":"Wijngaard, René R., Jakob F. Steiner, Philip D. A. Kraaijenbrink, Christoph Klug, Surendra Adhikari, Argha Banerjee, Francesca Pellicciotti, et al. “Modeling the Response of the Langtang Glacier and the Hintereisferner to a Changing Climate since the Little Ice Age.” <i>Frontiers in Earth Science</i>. Frontiers Media, 2019. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00143\">https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00143</a>.","ieee":"R. R. Wijngaard <i>et al.</i>, “Modeling the response of the Langtang Glacier and the Hintereisferner to a changing climate since the Little Ice Age,” <i>Frontiers in Earth Science</i>, vol. 7. Frontiers Media, 2019."},"date_updated":"2023-02-28T12:04:48Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"This study aims at developing and applying a spatially-distributed coupled glacier mass balance and ice-flow model to attribute the response of glaciers to natural and anthropogenic climate change. We focus on two glaciers with contrasting surface characteristics: a debris-covered glacier (Langtang Glacier in Nepal) and a clean-ice glacier (Hintereisferner in Austria). The model is applied from the end of the Little Ice Age (1850) to the present-day (2016) and is forced with four bias-corrected General Circulation Models (GCMs) from the historical experiment of the CMIP5 archive. The selected GCMs represent region-specific warm-dry, warm-wet, cold-dry, and cold-wet climate conditions. To isolate the effects of anthropogenic climate change on glacier mass balance and flow runs from these GCMs with and without further anthropogenic forcing after 1970 until 2016 are selected. The outcomes indicate that both glaciers experience the largest reduction in area and volume under warm climate conditions, whereas area and volume reductions are smaller under cold climate conditions. Simultaneously with changes in glacier area and volume, surface velocities generally decrease over time. Without further anthropogenic forcing the results reveal a 3% (9%) smaller decline in glacier area (volume) for the debris-covered glacier and a 18% (39%) smaller decline in glacier area (volume) for the clean-ice glacier. The difference in the magnitude between the two glaciers can mainly be attributed to differences in the response time of the glaciers, where the clean-ice glacier shows a much faster response to climate change. We conclude that the response of the two glaciers can mainly be attributed to anthropogenic climate change and that the impact is larger on the clean-ice glacier. The outcomes show that the model performs well under different climate conditions and that the developed approach can be used for regional-scale glacio-hydrological modeling."}],"month":"06","oa_version":"Published Version","type":"journal_article","volume":7,"date_created":"2023-02-20T08:13:08Z","year":"2019","_id":"12602","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2296-6463"]},"doi":"10.3389/feart.2019.00143","quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"author":[{"last_name":"Wijngaard","first_name":"René R.","full_name":"Wijngaard, René R."},{"last_name":"Steiner","first_name":"Jakob F.","full_name":"Steiner, Jakob F."},{"full_name":"Kraaijenbrink, Philip D. A.","first_name":"Philip D. A.","last_name":"Kraaijenbrink"},{"last_name":"Klug","first_name":"Christoph","full_name":"Klug, Christoph"},{"full_name":"Adhikari, Surendra","last_name":"Adhikari","first_name":"Surendra"},{"full_name":"Banerjee, Argha","last_name":"Banerjee","first_name":"Argha"},{"last_name":"Pellicciotti","first_name":"Francesca","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca"},{"full_name":"van Beek, Ludovicus P. H.","first_name":"Ludovicus P. H.","last_name":"van Beek"},{"first_name":"Marc F. P.","last_name":"Bierkens","full_name":"Bierkens, Marc F. P."},{"first_name":"Arthur F.","last_name":"Lutz","full_name":"Lutz, Arthur F."},{"last_name":"Immerzeel","first_name":"Walter W.","full_name":"Immerzeel, Walter W."}],"day":"04","title":"Modeling the response of the Langtang Glacier and the Hintereisferner to a changing climate since the Little Ice Age","article_number":"143","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publisher":"Frontiers Media","publication":"Frontiers in Earth Science","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original"},{"_id":"12610","year":"2017","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:14:04Z","volume":5,"month":"09","type":"journal_article","oa_version":"Published Version","date_updated":"2023-02-28T11:13:23Z","abstract":[{"text":"The hydrological systems of heavily-downwasted debris-covered glaciers differ from those of clean-ice glaciers due to the hummocky surface and debris mantle of such glaciers, leading to a relatively limited understanding of drainage pathways. Supraglacial ponds represent sinks within the discontinuous supraglacial drainage system, and occasionally drain englacially. To assess pond dynamics, we made pond water level measurements on Lirung Glacier, Nepal, during May and October of 2013 and 2014. Simultaneously, aerial, satellite, and terrestrial orthoimages and digital elevation models were obtained, providing snapshots of the ponds and their surroundings. We performed a DEM-based analysis of the glacier's closed surface catchments to identify surface drainage pathways and englacial drainage points, and compared this to field observations of surface and near-surface water flow. The total ponded area was higher in the pre-monsoon than post-monsoon, with individual ponds filling and draining seasonally associated with the surface exposure of englacial conduit segments. We recorded four pond drainage events, all of which occurred gradually (duration of weeks), observed diurnal fluctuations indicative of varying water supply and outflow discharge, and we documented instances of interaction between distant ponds. The DEM drainage analysis identified numerous sinks >3 m in depth across the glacier surface, few of which exhibited ponds (23%), while the field survey highlighted instances of surface water only explicable via englacial routes. Taken together, our observations provide evidence for widespread supraglacial-englacial connectivity of meltwater drainage paths. Results suggest that successive englacial conduit collapse events, themselves likely driven by supraglacial pond drainage, cause the glacier surface drainage system to evolve into a configuration following relict englacial conduit systems. Within this system, ponds form in depressions of reduced drainage efficiency and link the supraglacial and englacial drainage networks.","lang":"eng"}],"citation":{"ama":"Miles ES, Steiner J, Willis I, et al. Pond dynamics and supraglacial-englacial connectivity on debris-covered Lirung Glacier, Nepal. <i>Frontiers in Earth Science</i>. 2017;5. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2017.00069\">10.3389/feart.2017.00069</a>","apa":"Miles, E. S., Steiner, J., Willis, I., Buri, P., Immerzeel, W. W., Chesnokova, A., &#38; Pellicciotti, F. (2017). Pond dynamics and supraglacial-englacial connectivity on debris-covered Lirung Glacier, Nepal. <i>Frontiers in Earth Science</i>. Frontiers Media. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2017.00069\">https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2017.00069</a>","mla":"Miles, Evan S., et al. “Pond Dynamics and Supraglacial-Englacial Connectivity on Debris-Covered Lirung Glacier, Nepal.” <i>Frontiers in Earth Science</i>, vol. 5, 69, Frontiers Media, 2017, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2017.00069\">10.3389/feart.2017.00069</a>.","ista":"Miles ES, Steiner J, Willis I, Buri P, Immerzeel WW, Chesnokova A, Pellicciotti F. 2017. Pond dynamics and supraglacial-englacial connectivity on debris-covered Lirung Glacier, Nepal. Frontiers in Earth Science. 5, 69.","chicago":"Miles, Evan S., Jakob Steiner, Ian Willis, Pascal Buri, Walter W. Immerzeel, Anna Chesnokova, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Pond Dynamics and Supraglacial-Englacial Connectivity on Debris-Covered Lirung Glacier, Nepal.” <i>Frontiers in Earth Science</i>. Frontiers Media, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2017.00069\">https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2017.00069</a>.","ieee":"E. S. Miles <i>et al.</i>, “Pond dynamics and supraglacial-englacial connectivity on debris-covered Lirung Glacier, Nepal,” <i>Frontiers in Earth Science</i>, vol. 5. Frontiers Media, 2017.","short":"E.S. Miles, J. Steiner, I. Willis, P. Buri, W.W. Immerzeel, A. Chesnokova, F. Pellicciotti, Frontiers in Earth Science 5 (2017)."},"extern":"1","intvolume":"         5","status":"public","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2017.00069","open_access":"1"}],"date_published":"2017-09-21T00:00:00Z","publication_status":"published","oa":1,"article_type":"original","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","publication":"Frontiers in Earth Science","publisher":"Frontiers Media","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","article_number":"69","title":"Pond dynamics and supraglacial-englacial connectivity on debris-covered Lirung Glacier, Nepal","day":"21","author":[{"full_name":"Miles, Evan S.","last_name":"Miles","first_name":"Evan S."},{"first_name":"Jakob","last_name":"Steiner","full_name":"Steiner, Jakob"},{"full_name":"Willis, Ian","first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Willis"},{"first_name":"Pascal","last_name":"Buri","full_name":"Buri, Pascal"},{"last_name":"Immerzeel","first_name":"Walter W.","full_name":"Immerzeel, Walter W."},{"first_name":"Anna","last_name":"Chesnokova","full_name":"Chesnokova, Anna"},{"last_name":"Pellicciotti","first_name":"Francesca","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["General Earth and Planetary Sciences"],"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.3389/feart.2017.00069","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2296-6463"]}}]