---
_id: '10770'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Mathematical models often aim to describe a complicated mechanism in a cohesive
    and simple manner. However, reaching perfect balance between being simple enough
    or overly simplistic is a challenging task. Frequently, game-theoretic models
    have an underlying assumption that players, whenever they choose to execute a
    specific action, do so perfectly. In fact, it is rare that action execution perfectly
    coincides with intentions of individuals, giving rise to behavioural mistakes.
    The concept of incompetence of players was suggested to address this issue in
    game-theoretic settings. Under the assumption of incompetence, players have non-zero
    probabilities of executing a different strategy from the one they chose, leading
    to stochastic outcomes of the interactions. In this article, we survey results
    related to the concept of incompetence in classic as well as evolutionary game
    theory and provide several new results. We also suggest future extensions of the
    model and argue why it is important to take into account behavioural mistakes
    when analysing interactions among players in both economic and biological settings.
acknowledgement: "The authors would like to acknowledge stimulating email discussions
  with Dr Wayne Lobb of W.A. Lobb LLC on the topic of evolutionary games. We also
  thank Dr Thomas Taimre for his input to the material in Sect. 3.\r\nThe authors
  would like to acknowledge partial support from the Australian Research Council under
  the Discovery grant DP180101602 and support by the European Union’s Horizon 2020
  research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement
  #754411."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Graham, Thomas
  last_name: Graham
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Kleshnina, Maria
  id: 4E21749C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kleshnina
- first_name: Jerzy A.
  full_name: Filar, Jerzy A.
  last_name: Filar
citation:
  ama: Graham T, Kleshnina M, Filar JA. Where do mistakes lead? A survey of games
    with incompetent players. <i>Dynamic Games and Applications</i>. 2023;13:231-264.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13235-022-00425-3">10.1007/s13235-022-00425-3</a>
  apa: Graham, T., Kleshnina, M., &#38; Filar, J. A. (2023). Where do mistakes lead?
    A survey of games with incompetent players. <i>Dynamic Games and Applications</i>.
    Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13235-022-00425-3">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13235-022-00425-3</a>
  chicago: Graham, Thomas, Maria Kleshnina, and Jerzy A. Filar. “Where Do Mistakes
    Lead? A Survey of Games with Incompetent Players.” <i>Dynamic Games and Applications</i>.
    Springer Nature, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13235-022-00425-3">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13235-022-00425-3</a>.
  ieee: T. Graham, M. Kleshnina, and J. A. Filar, “Where do mistakes lead? A survey
    of games with incompetent players,” <i>Dynamic Games and Applications</i>, vol.
    13. Springer Nature, pp. 231–264, 2023.
  ista: Graham T, Kleshnina M, Filar JA. 2023. Where do mistakes lead? A survey of
    games with incompetent players. Dynamic Games and Applications. 13, 231–264.
  mla: Graham, Thomas, et al. “Where Do Mistakes Lead? A Survey of Games with Incompetent
    Players.” <i>Dynamic Games and Applications</i>, vol. 13, Springer Nature, 2023,
    pp. 231–64, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13235-022-00425-3">10.1007/s13235-022-00425-3</a>.
  short: T. Graham, M. Kleshnina, J.A. Filar, Dynamic Games and Applications 13 (2023)
    231–264.
date_created: 2022-02-20T23:01:32Z
date_published: 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-10-04T09:24:30Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: KrCh
doi: 10.1007/s13235-022-00425-3
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000753777100001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
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  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2022-02-21T08:54:17Z
  date_updated: 2022-02-21T08:54:17Z
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file_date_updated: 2022-02-21T08:54:17Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        13'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 231-264
project:
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '754411'
  name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
publication: Dynamic Games and Applications
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2153-0793
  issn:
  - 2153-0785
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Where do mistakes lead? A survey of games with incompetent players
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 13
year: '2023'
...