---
_id: '29'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Social insects have evolved enormous capacities to collectively build nests
    and defend their colonies against both predators and pathogens. The latter is
    achieved by a combination of individual immune responses and sophisticated collective
    behavioral and organizational disease defenses, that is, social immunity. We investigated
    how the presence or absence of these social defense lines affects individual-level
    immunity in ant queens after bacterial infection. To this end, we injected queens
    of the ant Linepithema humile with a mix of gram+ and gram− bacteria or a control
    solution, reared them either with workers or alone and analyzed their gene expression
    patterns at 2, 4, 8, and 12 hr post-injection, using RNA-seq. This allowed us
    to test for the effect of bacterial infection, social context, as well as the
    interaction between the two over the course of infection and raising of an immune
    response. We found that social isolation per se affected queen gene expression
    for metabolism genes, but not for immune genes. When infected, queens reared with
    and without workers up-regulated similar numbers of innate immune genes revealing
    activation of Toll and Imd signaling pathways and melanization. Interestingly,
    however, they mostly regulated different genes along the pathways and showed a
    different pattern of overall gene up-regulation or down-regulation. Hence, we
    can conclude that the absence of workers does not compromise the onset of an individual
    immune response by the queens, but that the social environment impacts the route
    of the individual innate immune responses.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Lumi
  full_name: Viljakainen, Lumi
  last_name: Viljakainen
- first_name: Jaana
  full_name: Jurvansuu, Jaana
  last_name: Jurvansuu
- first_name: Ida
  full_name: Holmberg, Ida
  last_name: Holmberg
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Pamminger, Tobias
  last_name: Pamminger
- first_name: Silvio
  full_name: Erler, Silvio
  last_name: Erler
- first_name: Sylvia
  full_name: Cremer, Sylvia
  id: 2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Cremer
  orcid: 0000-0002-2193-3868
citation:
  ama: Viljakainen L, Jurvansuu J, Holmberg I, Pamminger T, Erler S, Cremer S. Social
    environment affects the transcriptomic response to bacteria in ant queens. <i>Ecology
    and Evolution</i>. 2018;8(22):11031-11070. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4573">10.1002/ece3.4573</a>
  apa: Viljakainen, L., Jurvansuu, J., Holmberg, I., Pamminger, T., Erler, S., &#38;
    Cremer, S. (2018). Social environment affects the transcriptomic response to bacteria
    in ant queens. <i>Ecology and Evolution</i>. Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4573">https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4573</a>
  chicago: Viljakainen, Lumi, Jaana Jurvansuu, Ida Holmberg, Tobias Pamminger, Silvio
    Erler, and Sylvia Cremer. “Social Environment Affects the Transcriptomic Response
    to Bacteria in Ant Queens.” <i>Ecology and Evolution</i>. Wiley, 2018. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4573">https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4573</a>.
  ieee: L. Viljakainen, J. Jurvansuu, I. Holmberg, T. Pamminger, S. Erler, and S.
    Cremer, “Social environment affects the transcriptomic response to bacteria in
    ant queens,” <i>Ecology and Evolution</i>, vol. 8, no. 22. Wiley, pp. 11031–11070,
    2018.
  ista: Viljakainen L, Jurvansuu J, Holmberg I, Pamminger T, Erler S, Cremer S. 2018.
    Social environment affects the transcriptomic response to bacteria in ant queens.
    Ecology and Evolution. 8(22), 11031–11070.
  mla: Viljakainen, Lumi, et al. “Social Environment Affects the Transcriptomic Response
    to Bacteria in Ant Queens.” <i>Ecology and Evolution</i>, vol. 8, no. 22, Wiley,
    2018, pp. 11031–70, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4573">10.1002/ece3.4573</a>.
  short: L. Viljakainen, J. Jurvansuu, I. Holmberg, T. Pamminger, S. Erler, S. Cremer,
    Ecology and Evolution 8 (2018) 11031–11070.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:44:15Z
date_published: 2018-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-19T09:29:12Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '576'
- '591'
department:
- _id: SyCr
doi: 10.1002/ece3.4573
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000451611000032'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 0d1355c78627ca7210aadd9a17a01915
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2018-12-17T08:27:04Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:52Z
  file_id: '5682'
  file_name: Viljakainen_et_al-2018-Ecology_and_Evolution.pdf
  file_size: 1272096
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:52Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         8'
isi: 1
issue: '22'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 11031-11070
publication: Ecology and Evolution
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - '20457758'
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
publist_id: '8026'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Social environment affects the transcriptomic response to bacteria in ant queens
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 8
year: '2018'
...