---
_id: '313'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Tunneling of a particle through a potential barrier remains one of the most
    remarkable quantum phenomena. Owing to advances in laser technology, electric
    fields comparable to those electrons experience in atoms are readily generated
    and open opportunities to dynamically investigate the process of electron tunneling
    through the potential barrier formed by the superposition of both laser and atomic
    fields. Attosecond-time and angstrom-space resolution of the strong laser-field
    technique allow to address fundamental questions related to tunneling, which are
    still open and debated: Which time is spent under the barrier and what momentum
    is picked up by the particle in the meantime? In this combined experimental and
    theoretical study we demonstrate that for strong-field ionization the leading
    quantum mechanical Wigner treatment for the time resolved description of tunneling
    is valid. We achieve a high sensitivity on the tunneling barrier and unambiguously
    isolate its effects by performing a differential study of two systems with almost
    identical tunneling geometry. Moreover, working with a low frequency laser, we
    essentially limit the non-adiabaticity of the process as a major source of uncertainty.
    The agreement between experiment and theory implies two substantial corrections
    with respect to the widely employed quasiclassical treatment: In addition to a
    non-vanishing longitudinal momentum along the laser field-direction we provide
    clear evidence for a non-zero tunneling time delay. This addresses also the fundamental
    question how the transition occurs from the tunnel barrier to free space classical
    evolution of the ejected electron.'
alternative_title:
- 'Journal of Physics: Conference Series'
article_number: '012004'
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Nicolas
  full_name: Camus, Nicolas
  last_name: Camus
- first_name: Enderalp
  full_name: Yakaboylu, Enderalp
  id: 38CB71F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Yakaboylu
  orcid: 0000-0001-5973-0874
- first_name: Lutz
  full_name: Fechner, Lutz
  last_name: Fechner
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Klaiber, Michael
  last_name: Klaiber
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Laux, Martin
  last_name: Laux
- first_name: Yonghao
  full_name: Mi, Yonghao
  last_name: Mi
- first_name: Karen
  full_name: Hatsagortsyan, Karen
  last_name: Hatsagortsyan
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Pfeifer, Thomas
  last_name: Pfeifer
- first_name: Cristoph
  full_name: Keitel, Cristoph
  last_name: Keitel
- first_name: Robert
  full_name: Moshammer, Robert
  last_name: Moshammer
citation:
  ama: 'Camus N, Yakaboylu E, Fechner L, et al. Experimental evidence for Wigner’s
    tunneling time. In: Vol 999. American Physical Society; 2017. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/999/1/012004">10.1088/1742-6596/999/1/012004</a>'
  apa: 'Camus, N., Yakaboylu, E., Fechner, L., Klaiber, M., Laux, M., Mi, Y., … Moshammer,
    R. (2017). Experimental evidence for Wigner’s tunneling time (Vol. 999). Presented
    at the Annual International Laser Physics Workshop LPHYS, Kazan, Russian Federation:
    American Physical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/999/1/012004">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/999/1/012004</a>'
  chicago: Camus, Nicolas, Enderalp Yakaboylu, Lutz Fechner, Michael Klaiber, Martin
    Laux, Yonghao Mi, Karen Hatsagortsyan, Thomas Pfeifer, Cristoph Keitel, and Robert
    Moshammer. “Experimental Evidence for Wigner’s Tunneling Time,” Vol. 999. American
    Physical Society, 2017. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/999/1/012004">https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/999/1/012004</a>.
  ieee: N. Camus <i>et al.</i>, “Experimental evidence for Wigner’s tunneling time,”
    presented at the Annual International Laser Physics Workshop LPHYS, Kazan, Russian
    Federation, 2017, vol. 999, no. 1.
  ista: 'Camus N, Yakaboylu E, Fechner L, Klaiber M, Laux M, Mi Y, Hatsagortsyan K,
    Pfeifer T, Keitel C, Moshammer R. 2017. Experimental evidence for Wigner’s tunneling
    time. Annual International Laser Physics Workshop LPHYS, Journal of Physics: Conference
    Series, vol. 999, 012004.'
  mla: Camus, Nicolas, et al. <i>Experimental Evidence for Wigner’s Tunneling Time</i>.
    Vol. 999, no. 1, 012004, American Physical Society, 2017, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/999/1/012004">10.1088/1742-6596/999/1/012004</a>.
  short: N. Camus, E. Yakaboylu, L. Fechner, M. Klaiber, M. Laux, Y. Mi, K. Hatsagortsyan,
    T. Pfeifer, C. Keitel, R. Moshammer, in:, American Physical Society, 2017.
conference:
  end_date: 2017-08-21
  location: Kazan, Russian Federation
  name: Annual International Laser Physics Workshop LPHYS
  start_date: 2017-08-17
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:45:46Z
date_published: 2017-07-14T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-02-23T12:36:07Z
day: '14'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: MiLe
doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/999/1/012004
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '1611.03701'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 6e70b525a84f6d5fb175c48e9f5cb59a
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2019-01-22T08:34:10Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:00Z
  file_id: '5871'
  file_name: 2017_Physics_Camus.pdf
  file_size: 949321
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:00Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       999'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - '17426588'
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
publist_id: '7552'
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '6013'
    relation: later_version
    status: public
scopus_import: 1
status: public
title: Experimental evidence for Wigner's tunneling time
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 999
year: '2017'
...