---
_id: '4257'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Variation within a species may be structured both geographically and by genetic
    background. We review the effects of such structuring on neutral variants, using
    a framework based on the coalescent process. Short-term effects of sex differences
    and age structure can be averaged out using fast timescale approximations, allowing
    a simple general treatment of effective population size and migration. We consider
    the effects of geographic structure on variation within and between local populations,
    first in general terms, and then for specific migration models. We discuss the
    close parallels between geographic structure and stable types of genetic structure
    caused by selection, including balancing selection and background selection. The
    effects of departures from stability, such as selective sweeps and population
    bottlenecks, are also described. Methods for distinguishing population history
    from the effects of ongoing gene flow are discussed. We relate the theoretical
    results to observed patterns of variation in natural populations.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Brian
  full_name: Charlesworth, Brian
  last_name: Charlesworth
- first_name: Deborah
  full_name: Charlesworth, Deborah
  last_name: Charlesworth
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
  ama: Charlesworth B, Charlesworth D, Barton NH. The effects of genetic and geographic
    structure on neutral variation. <i>Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics</i>.
    2003;34:99-125. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132359">10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132359</a>
  apa: Charlesworth, B., Charlesworth, D., &#38; Barton, N. H. (2003). The effects
    of genetic and geographic structure on neutral variation. <i>Annual Review of
    Ecology and Systematics</i>. Annual Reviews. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132359">https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132359</a>
  chicago: Charlesworth, Brian, Deborah Charlesworth, and Nicholas H Barton. “The
    Effects of Genetic and Geographic Structure on Neutral Variation.” <i>Annual Review
    of Ecology and Systematics</i>. Annual Reviews, 2003. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132359">https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132359</a>.
  ieee: B. Charlesworth, D. Charlesworth, and N. H. Barton, “The effects of genetic
    and geographic structure on neutral variation,” <i>Annual Review of Ecology and
    Systematics</i>, vol. 34. Annual Reviews, pp. 99–125, 2003.
  ista: Charlesworth B, Charlesworth D, Barton NH. 2003. The effects of genetic and
    geographic structure on neutral variation. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics.
    34, 99–125.
  mla: Charlesworth, Brian, et al. “The Effects of Genetic and Geographic Structure
    on Neutral Variation.” <i>Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics</i>, vol. 34,
    Annual Reviews, 2003, pp. 99–125, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132359">10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132359</a>.
  short: B. Charlesworth, D. Charlesworth, N.H. Barton, Annual Review of Ecology and
    Systematics 34 (2003) 99–125.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:53Z
date_published: 2003-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-01-23T10:15:44Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132359
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        34'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa_version: None
page: 99 - 125
publication: Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1543-592X
publication_status: published
publisher: Annual Reviews
publist_id: '1839'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: The effects of genetic and geographic structure on neutral variation
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 34
year: '2003'
...