---
_id: '7283'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Potassium–air batteries, which suffer from oxygen cathode and potassium metal
    anode degradation, can be cycled thousands of times when an organic anode replaces
    the metal.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: letter_note
author:
- first_name: Yann K.
  full_name: Petit, Yann K.
  last_name: Petit
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
citation:
  ama: Petit YK, Freunberger SA. Thousands of cycles. <i>Nature Materials</i>. 2019;18(4):301-302.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-019-0313-8">10.1038/s41563-019-0313-8</a>
  apa: Petit, Y. K., &#38; Freunberger, S. A. (2019). Thousands of cycles. <i>Nature
    Materials</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-019-0313-8">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-019-0313-8</a>
  chicago: Petit, Yann K., and Stefan Alexander Freunberger. “Thousands of Cycles.”
    <i>Nature Materials</i>. Springer Nature, 2019. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-019-0313-8">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-019-0313-8</a>.
  ieee: Y. K. Petit and S. A. Freunberger, “Thousands of cycles,” <i>Nature Materials</i>,
    vol. 18, no. 4. Springer Nature, pp. 301–302, 2019.
  ista: Petit YK, Freunberger SA. 2019. Thousands of cycles. Nature Materials. 18(4),
    301–302.
  mla: Petit, Yann K., and Stefan Alexander Freunberger. “Thousands of Cycles.” <i>Nature
    Materials</i>, vol. 18, no. 4, Springer Nature, 2019, pp. 301–02, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-019-0313-8">10.1038/s41563-019-0313-8</a>.
  short: Y.K. Petit, S.A. Freunberger, Nature Materials 18 (2019) 301–302.
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:13:05Z
date_published: 2019-03-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:12:45Z
day: '20'
ddc:
- '540'
- '541'
doi: 10.1038/s41563-019-0313-8
extern: '1'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 4c9a0314327028a22dd902bc109b8798
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: sfreunbe
  date_created: 2020-06-29T16:26:54Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:55Z
  file_id: '8059'
  file_name: NaV_final.pdf
  file_size: 398123
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:55Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        18'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
page: 301-302
publication: Nature Materials
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1476-1122
  - 1476-4660
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Thousands of cycles
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 18
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '7279'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Kinetics of electrochemical reactions are several orders of magnitude slower
    in solids than in liquids as a result of the much lower ion diffusivity. Yet,
    the solid state maximizes the density of redox species, which is at least two
    orders of magnitude lower in liquids because of solubility limitations. With regard
    to electrochemical energy storage devices, this leads to high-energy batteries
    with limited power and high-power supercapacitors with a well-known energy deficiency.
    For such devices the ideal system should endow the liquid state with a density
    of redox species close to the solid state. Here we report an approach based on
    biredox ionic liquids to achieve bulk-like redox density at liquid-like fast kinetics.
    The cation and anion of these biredox ionic liquids bear moieties that undergo
    very fast reversible redox reactions. As a first demonstration of their potential
    for high-capacity/high-rate charge storage, we used them in redox supercapacitors.
    These ionic liquids are able to decouple charge storage from an ion-accessible
    electrode surface, by storing significant charge in the pores of the electrodes,
    to minimize self-discharge and leakage current as a result of retaining the redox
    species in the pores, and to raise working voltage due to their wide electrochemical
    window.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Eléonore
  full_name: Mourad, Eléonore
  last_name: Mourad
- first_name: Laura
  full_name: Coustan, Laura
  last_name: Coustan
- first_name: Pierre
  full_name: Lannelongue, Pierre
  last_name: Lannelongue
- first_name: Dodzi
  full_name: Zigah, Dodzi
  last_name: Zigah
- first_name: Ahmad
  full_name: Mehdi, Ahmad
  last_name: Mehdi
- first_name: André
  full_name: Vioux, André
  last_name: Vioux
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Frédéric
  full_name: Favier, Frédéric
  last_name: Favier
- first_name: Olivier
  full_name: Fontaine, Olivier
  last_name: Fontaine
citation:
  ama: Mourad E, Coustan L, Lannelongue P, et al. Biredox ionic liquids with solid-like
    redox density in the liquid state for high-energy supercapacitors. <i>Nature Materials</i>.
    2016;16(4):446-453. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4808">10.1038/nmat4808</a>
  apa: Mourad, E., Coustan, L., Lannelongue, P., Zigah, D., Mehdi, A., Vioux, A.,
    … Fontaine, O. (2016). Biredox ionic liquids with solid-like redox density in
    the liquid state for high-energy supercapacitors. <i>Nature Materials</i>. Springer
    Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4808">https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4808</a>
  chicago: Mourad, Eléonore, Laura Coustan, Pierre Lannelongue, Dodzi Zigah, Ahmad
    Mehdi, André Vioux, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, Frédéric Favier, and Olivier
    Fontaine. “Biredox Ionic Liquids with Solid-like Redox Density in the Liquid State
    for High-Energy Supercapacitors.” <i>Nature Materials</i>. Springer Nature, 2016.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4808">https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4808</a>.
  ieee: E. Mourad <i>et al.</i>, “Biredox ionic liquids with solid-like redox density
    in the liquid state for high-energy supercapacitors,” <i>Nature Materials</i>,
    vol. 16, no. 4. Springer Nature, pp. 446–453, 2016.
  ista: Mourad E, Coustan L, Lannelongue P, Zigah D, Mehdi A, Vioux A, Freunberger
    SA, Favier F, Fontaine O. 2016. Biredox ionic liquids with solid-like redox density
    in the liquid state for high-energy supercapacitors. Nature Materials. 16(4),
    446–453.
  mla: Mourad, Eléonore, et al. “Biredox Ionic Liquids with Solid-like Redox Density
    in the Liquid State for High-Energy Supercapacitors.” <i>Nature Materials</i>,
    vol. 16, no. 4, Springer Nature, 2016, pp. 446–53, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4808">10.1038/nmat4808</a>.
  short: E. Mourad, L. Coustan, P. Lannelongue, D. Zigah, A. Mehdi, A. Vioux, S.A.
    Freunberger, F. Favier, O. Fontaine, Nature Materials 16 (2016) 446–453.
date_created: 2020-01-15T07:27:54Z
date_published: 2016-11-28T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:12:43Z
day: '28'
doi: 10.1038/nmat4808
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '1711.11518'
intvolume: '        16'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.11518
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 446-453
publication: Nature Materials
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1476-1122
  - 1476-4660
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Biredox ionic liquids with solid-like redox density in the liquid state for
  high-energy supercapacitors
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 16
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '7306'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Rechargeable lithium–air (O2) batteries are receiving intense interest because
    their high theoretical specific energy exceeds that of lithium-ion batteries.
    If the Li–O2 battery is ever to succeed, highly reversible formation/decomposition
    of Li2O2 must take place at the cathode on cycling. However, carbon, used ubiquitously
    as the basis of the cathode, decomposes during Li2O2 oxidation on charge and actively
    promotes electrolyte decomposition on cycling. Replacing carbon with a nanoporous
    gold cathode, when in contact with a dimethyl sulphoxide-based electrolyte, does
    seem to demonstrate better stability. However, nanoporous gold is not a suitable
    cathode; its high mass destroys the key advantage of Li–O2 over Li ion (specific
    energy), it is too expensive and too difficult to fabricate. Identifying a suitable
    cathode material for the Li–O2 cell is one of the greatest challenges at present.
    Here we show that a TiC-based cathode reduces greatly side reactions (arising
    from the electrolyte and electrode degradation) compared with carbon and exhibits
    better reversible formation/decomposition of Li2O2 even than nanoporous gold (>98%
    capacity retention after 100 cycles, compared with 95% for nanoporous gold); it
    is also four times lighter, of lower cost and easier to fabricate. The stability
    may originate from the presence of TiO2 (along with some TiOC) on the surface
    of TiC. In contrast to carbon or nanoporous gold, TiC seems to represent a more
    viable, stable, cathode for aprotic Li–O2 cells.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Muhammed M.
  full_name: Ottakam Thotiyl, Muhammed M.
  last_name: Ottakam Thotiyl
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Zhangquan
  full_name: Peng, Zhangquan
  last_name: Peng
- first_name: Yuhui
  full_name: Chen, Yuhui
  last_name: Chen
- first_name: Zheng
  full_name: Liu, Zheng
  last_name: Liu
- first_name: Peter G.
  full_name: Bruce, Peter G.
  last_name: Bruce
citation:
  ama: Ottakam Thotiyl MM, Freunberger SA, Peng Z, Chen Y, Liu Z, Bruce PG. A stable
    cathode for the aprotic Li–O2 battery. <i>Nature Materials</i>. 2013;12(11):1050-1056.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3737">10.1038/nmat3737</a>
  apa: Ottakam Thotiyl, M. M., Freunberger, S. A., Peng, Z., Chen, Y., Liu, Z., &#38;
    Bruce, P. G. (2013). A stable cathode for the aprotic Li–O2 battery. <i>Nature
    Materials</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3737">https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3737</a>
  chicago: Ottakam Thotiyl, Muhammed M., Stefan Alexander Freunberger, Zhangquan Peng,
    Yuhui Chen, Zheng Liu, and Peter G. Bruce. “A Stable Cathode for the Aprotic Li–O2 Battery.”
    <i>Nature Materials</i>. Springer Nature, 2013. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3737">https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3737</a>.
  ieee: M. M. Ottakam Thotiyl, S. A. Freunberger, Z. Peng, Y. Chen, Z. Liu, and P.
    G. Bruce, “A stable cathode for the aprotic Li–O2 battery,” <i>Nature Materials</i>,
    vol. 12, no. 11. Springer Nature, pp. 1050–1056, 2013.
  ista: Ottakam Thotiyl MM, Freunberger SA, Peng Z, Chen Y, Liu Z, Bruce PG. 2013.
    A stable cathode for the aprotic Li–O2 battery. Nature Materials. 12(11), 1050–1056.
  mla: Ottakam Thotiyl, Muhammed M., et al. “A Stable Cathode for the Aprotic Li–O2 Battery.”
    <i>Nature Materials</i>, vol. 12, no. 11, Springer Nature, 2013, pp. 1050–56,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3737">10.1038/nmat3737</a>.
  short: M.M. Ottakam Thotiyl, S.A. Freunberger, Z. Peng, Y. Chen, Z. Liu, P.G. Bruce,
    Nature Materials 12 (2013) 1050–1056.
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:18:29Z
date_published: 2013-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:12:55Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1038/nmat3737
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        12'
issue: '11'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa_version: None
page: 1050-1056
publication: Nature Materials
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1476-1122
  - 1476-4660
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: A stable cathode for the aprotic Li–O2 battery
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 12
year: '2013'
...
---
_id: '7313'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Li-ion batteries have transformed portable electronics and will play a key
    role in the electrification of transport. However, the highest energy storage
    possible for Li-ion batteries is insufficient for the long-term needs of society,
    for example, extended-range electric vehicles. To go beyond the horizon of Li-ion
    batteries is a formidable challenge; there are few options. Here we consider two:
    Li–air (O2) and Li–S. The energy that can be stored in Li–air (based on aqueous
    or non-aqueous electrolytes) and Li–S cells is compared with Li-ion; the operation
    of the cells is discussed, as are the significant hurdles that will have to be
    overcome if such batteries are to succeed. Fundamental scientific advances in
    understanding the reactions occurring in the cells as well as new materials are
    key to overcoming these obstacles. The potential benefits of Li–air and Li–S justify
    the continued research effort that will be needed.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Peter G.
  full_name: Bruce, Peter G.
  last_name: Bruce
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Laurence J.
  full_name: Hardwick, Laurence J.
  last_name: Hardwick
- first_name: Jean-Marie
  full_name: Tarascon, Jean-Marie
  last_name: Tarascon
citation:
  ama: Bruce PG, Freunberger SA, Hardwick LJ, Tarascon J-M. Li–O2 and Li–S batteries
    with high energy storage. <i>Nature Materials</i>. 2011;11(1):19-29. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3191">10.1038/nmat3191</a>
  apa: Bruce, P. G., Freunberger, S. A., Hardwick, L. J., &#38; Tarascon, J.-M. (2011).
    Li–O2 and Li–S batteries with high energy storage. <i>Nature Materials</i>. Springer
    Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3191">https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3191</a>
  chicago: Bruce, Peter G., Stefan Alexander Freunberger, Laurence J. Hardwick, and
    Jean-Marie Tarascon. “Li–O2 and Li–S Batteries with High Energy Storage.” <i>Nature
    Materials</i>. Springer Nature, 2011. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3191">https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3191</a>.
  ieee: P. G. Bruce, S. A. Freunberger, L. J. Hardwick, and J.-M. Tarascon, “Li–O2
    and Li–S batteries with high energy storage,” <i>Nature Materials</i>, vol. 11,
    no. 1. Springer Nature, pp. 19–29, 2011.
  ista: Bruce PG, Freunberger SA, Hardwick LJ, Tarascon J-M. 2011. Li–O2 and Li–S
    batteries with high energy storage. Nature Materials. 11(1), 19–29.
  mla: Bruce, Peter G., et al. “Li–O2 and Li–S Batteries with High Energy Storage.”
    <i>Nature Materials</i>, vol. 11, no. 1, Springer Nature, 2011, pp. 19–29, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3191">10.1038/nmat3191</a>.
  short: P.G. Bruce, S.A. Freunberger, L.J. Hardwick, J.-M. Tarascon, Nature Materials
    11 (2011) 19–29.
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:20:01Z
date_published: 2011-12-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:12:59Z
day: '15'
doi: 10.1038/nmat3191
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        11'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa_version: None
page: 19-29
publication: Nature Materials
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1476-1122
  - 1476-4660
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - relation: erratum
    url: https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3237
status: public
title: Li–O2 and Li–S batteries with high energy storage
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 11
year: '2011'
...