---
_id: '6162'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'The tra-1 gene is the terminal global selector of somatic sex in Caenorhabditis
    elegans: High tra-1 activity elicits female somatic development while low tra-1
    activity elicits male development. Previous genetic studies defined a cascade
    of negatively interacting genes that regulates tra-1 activity in response to the
    primary sex-determining signal. Here, we investigate the last step in this regulatory
    cascade, by studying rare gain-of-function (gf) mutations of tra-1 that direct
    female somatic development irrespective of the upstream sex-determining signal.
    These mutations appear to abolish negative regulation of tra-1 in male tissues.
    We identify the lesions associated with 29 of these mutations and find that all
    affect a short stretch of amino acid residues present in both protein products
    of the tra-1 gene. Twenty-six alleles are associated with single nonconservative
    amino acid substitutions. Two alleles affect tra-1 RNA splicing and generate messages
    that omit part or all of the exon encoding this short stretch. These results suggest
    that sexual regulation of tra-1 is achieved post-translationally, by an inhibitory
    protein-protein interaction. The amino acid stretch altered by the tra-1(gf) mutations
    may define a site of interaction for negative regulators of tra-1. The stretch
    includes a potential phosphorylation site for glycogen synthase kinase 3 and may
    be conserved in the human gene GLI3, a homolog of tra-1 identified previously.'
author:
- first_name: Mario
  full_name: de Bono, Mario
  id: 4E3FF80E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: de Bono
  orcid: 0000-0001-8347-0443
- first_name: D.
  full_name: Zarkower, D.
  last_name: Zarkower
- first_name: J.
  full_name: Hodgkin, J.
  last_name: Hodgkin
citation:
  ama: de Bono M, Zarkower D, Hodgkin J. Dominant feminizing mutations implicate protein-protein
    interactions as the main mode of regulation of the nematode sex-determining gene
    tra-1. <i>Genes and Development</i>. 1995;9(2):155-167. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.9.2.155">10.1101/gad.9.2.155</a>
  apa: de Bono, M., Zarkower, D., &#38; Hodgkin, J. (1995). Dominant feminizing mutations
    implicate protein-protein interactions as the main mode of regulation of the nematode
    sex-determining gene tra-1. <i>Genes and Development</i>. CSH Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.9.2.155">https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.9.2.155</a>
  chicago: Bono, Mario de, D. Zarkower, and J. Hodgkin. “Dominant Feminizing Mutations
    Implicate Protein-Protein Interactions as the Main Mode of Regulation of the Nematode
    Sex-Determining Gene Tra-1.” <i>Genes and Development</i>. CSH Press, 1995. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.9.2.155">https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.9.2.155</a>.
  ieee: M. de Bono, D. Zarkower, and J. Hodgkin, “Dominant feminizing mutations implicate
    protein-protein interactions as the main mode of regulation of the nematode sex-determining
    gene tra-1,” <i>Genes and Development</i>, vol. 9, no. 2. CSH Press, pp. 155–167,
    1995.
  ista: de Bono M, Zarkower D, Hodgkin J. 1995. Dominant feminizing mutations implicate
    protein-protein interactions as the main mode of regulation of the nematode sex-determining
    gene tra-1. Genes and Development. 9(2), 155–167.
  mla: de Bono, Mario, et al. “Dominant Feminizing Mutations Implicate Protein-Protein
    Interactions as the Main Mode of Regulation of the Nematode Sex-Determining Gene
    Tra-1.” <i>Genes and Development</i>, vol. 9, no. 2, CSH Press, 1995, pp. 155–67,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.9.2.155">10.1101/gad.9.2.155</a>.
  short: M. de Bono, D. Zarkower, J. Hodgkin, Genes and Development 9 (1995) 155–167.
date_created: 2019-03-21T11:57:40Z
date_published: 1995-01-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:06:29Z
day: '15'
doi: 10.1101/gad.9.2.155
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '7851791'
intvolume: '         9'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 155-167
pmid: 1
publication: Genes and Development
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - '08909369'
publication_status: published
publisher: CSH Press
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Dominant feminizing mutations implicate protein-protein interactions as the
  main mode of regulation of the nematode sex-determining gene tra-1
type: journal_article
user_id: 3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 9
year: '1995'
...