---
_id: '8361'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: With the lithium-ion technology approaching its intrinsic limit with graphite-based
    anodes, Li metal is recently receiving renewed interest from the battery community
    as potential high capacity anode for next-generation rechargeable batteries. In
    this focus paper, we review the main advances in this field since the first attempts
    in the mid-1970s. Strategies for enabling reversible cycling and avoiding dendrite
    growth are thoroughly discussed, including specific applications in all-solid-state
    (inorganic and polymeric), Lithium–Sulfur (Li–S) and Lithium-O2 (air) batteries.
    A particular attention is paid to recent developments of these battery technologies
    and their current state with respect to the 2030 targets of the EU Integrated
    Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan) Action 7.
acknowledgement: A.V. and K.T. acknowledge, respectively, the financial support of
  the Helmholtz Association and BMW AG. J.H. acknowledges the collabo-ration project
  “Accordo di Collaborazione Quadro 2015” between Uni-versity of  Ferrara (Department
  of  Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences) and Sapienza University of Rome (Department
  of Chemistry). S.D., H.A. and S.K. thank the Fraunhofer Gesellschaft, Technische
  Uni-versit ̈at  Dresden and would like to  acknowledge European Union’s Horizon
  2020 research and innovation programme under grant agree-ment No 814471. S.A.F.
  and C.P. are indebted to the European Research Council (ERC) under the European
  Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 636069)
  and IST Austria.
article_number: '228803'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Alberto
  full_name: Varzi, Alberto
  last_name: Varzi
  orcid: 0000-0001-5069-0589
- first_name: Katharina
  full_name: Thanner, Katharina
  last_name: Thanner
  orcid: 0000-0001-5394-2323
- first_name: Roberto
  full_name: Scipioni, Roberto
  last_name: Scipioni
  orcid: 0000-0003-1926-421X
- first_name: Daniele
  full_name: Di Lecce, Daniele
  last_name: Di Lecce
- first_name: Jusef
  full_name: Hassoun, Jusef
  last_name: Hassoun
- first_name: Susanne
  full_name: Dörfler, Susanne
  last_name: Dörfler
- first_name: Holger
  full_name: Altheus, Holger
  last_name: Altheus
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Kaskel, Stefan
  last_name: Kaskel
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Prehal, Christian
  last_name: Prehal
  orcid: 0000-0003-0654-0940
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
citation:
  ama: Varzi A, Thanner K, Scipioni R, et al. Current status and future perspectives
    of lithium metal batteries. <i>Journal of Power Sources</i>. 2020;480(12). doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803">10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803</a>
  apa: Varzi, A., Thanner, K., Scipioni, R., Di Lecce, D., Hassoun, J., Dörfler, S.,
    … Freunberger, S. A. (2020). Current status and future perspectives of lithium
    metal batteries. <i>Journal of Power Sources</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803</a>
  chicago: Varzi, Alberto, Katharina Thanner, Roberto Scipioni, Daniele Di Lecce,
    Jusef Hassoun, Susanne Dörfler, Holger Altheus, Stefan Kaskel, Christian Prehal,
    and Stefan Alexander Freunberger. “Current Status and Future Perspectives of Lithium
    Metal Batteries.” <i>Journal of Power Sources</i>. Elsevier, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803</a>.
  ieee: A. Varzi <i>et al.</i>, “Current status and future perspectives of lithium
    metal batteries,” <i>Journal of Power Sources</i>, vol. 480, no. 12. Elsevier,
    2020.
  ista: Varzi A, Thanner K, Scipioni R, Di Lecce D, Hassoun J, Dörfler S, Altheus
    H, Kaskel S, Prehal C, Freunberger SA. 2020. Current status and future perspectives
    of lithium metal batteries. Journal of Power Sources. 480(12), 228803.
  mla: Varzi, Alberto, et al. “Current Status and Future Perspectives of Lithium Metal
    Batteries.” <i>Journal of Power Sources</i>, vol. 480, no. 12, 228803, Elsevier,
    2020, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803">10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803</a>.
  short: A. Varzi, K. Thanner, R. Scipioni, D. Di Lecce, J. Hassoun, S. Dörfler, H.
    Altheus, S. Kaskel, C. Prehal, S.A. Freunberger, Journal of Power Sources 480
    (2020).
date_created: 2020-09-10T10:48:40Z
date_published: 2020-12-31T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-22T09:20:37Z
day: '31'
department:
- _id: StFr
doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000593857300001'
intvolume: '       480'
isi: 1
issue: '12'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Journal of Power Sources
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0378-7753
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '8067'
    relation: earlier_version
    status: public
status: public
title: Current status and future perspectives of lithium metal batteries
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 480
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7298'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Lithium-ion batteries are in widespread use in electric vehicles and hybrid
    vehicles. Besides features like energy density, cost, lifetime, and recyclability
    the safety of a battery system is of prime importance. The separator material
    impacts all these properties and requires therefore an informed selection. The
    interplay between the mechanical and electrochemical properties as key selection
    criteria is investigated. Mechanical properties were investigated using tensile
    and puncture penetration tests at abuse relevant conditions. To investigate the
    electrochemical performance in terms of effective conductivity a method based
    on impedance spectroscopy was introduced. This methodology is applied to evaluate
    ten commercial separators which allows for a trade-off analysis of mechanical
    versus electrochemical performance. Based on the results, and in combination with
    other factors, this offers an effective approach to select suitable separators
    for automotive applications.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Plaimer, Martin
  last_name: Plaimer
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Breitfuß, Christoph
  last_name: Breitfuß
- first_name: Wolfgang
  full_name: Sinz, Wolfgang
  last_name: Sinz
- first_name: Simon F.
  full_name: Heindl, Simon F.
  last_name: Heindl
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Ellersdorfer, Christian
  last_name: Ellersdorfer
- first_name: Hermann
  full_name: Steffan, Hermann
  last_name: Steffan
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Wilkening, Martin
  last_name: Wilkening
- first_name: Volker
  full_name: Hennige, Volker
  last_name: Hennige
- first_name: Reinhard
  full_name: Tatschl, Reinhard
  last_name: Tatschl
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Geier, Alexander
  last_name: Geier
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Schramm, Christian
  last_name: Schramm
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
citation:
  ama: 'Plaimer M, Breitfuß C, Sinz W, et al. Evaluating the trade-off between mechanical
    and electrochemical performance of separators for lithium-ion batteries: Methodology
    and application. <i>Journal of Power Sources</i>. 2016;306(2):702-710. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.12.047">10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.12.047</a>'
  apa: 'Plaimer, M., Breitfuß, C., Sinz, W., Heindl, S. F., Ellersdorfer, C., Steffan,
    H., … Freunberger, S. A. (2016). Evaluating the trade-off between mechanical and
    electrochemical performance of separators for lithium-ion batteries: Methodology
    and application. <i>Journal of Power Sources</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.12.047">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.12.047</a>'
  chicago: 'Plaimer, Martin, Christoph Breitfuß, Wolfgang Sinz, Simon F. Heindl, Christian
    Ellersdorfer, Hermann Steffan, Martin Wilkening, et al. “Evaluating the Trade-off
    between Mechanical and Electrochemical Performance of Separators for Lithium-Ion
    Batteries: Methodology and Application.” <i>Journal of Power Sources</i>. Elsevier,
    2016. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.12.047">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.12.047</a>.'
  ieee: 'M. Plaimer <i>et al.</i>, “Evaluating the trade-off between mechanical and
    electrochemical performance of separators for lithium-ion batteries: Methodology
    and application,” <i>Journal of Power Sources</i>, vol. 306, no. 2. Elsevier,
    pp. 702–710, 2016.'
  ista: 'Plaimer M, Breitfuß C, Sinz W, Heindl SF, Ellersdorfer C, Steffan H, Wilkening
    M, Hennige V, Tatschl R, Geier A, Schramm C, Freunberger SA. 2016. Evaluating
    the trade-off between mechanical and electrochemical performance of separators
    for lithium-ion batteries: Methodology and application. Journal of Power Sources.
    306(2), 702–710.'
  mla: 'Plaimer, Martin, et al. “Evaluating the Trade-off between Mechanical and Electrochemical
    Performance of Separators for Lithium-Ion Batteries: Methodology and Application.”
    <i>Journal of Power Sources</i>, vol. 306, no. 2, Elsevier, 2016, pp. 702–10,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.12.047">10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.12.047</a>.'
  short: M. Plaimer, C. Breitfuß, W. Sinz, S.F. Heindl, C. Ellersdorfer, H. Steffan,
    M. Wilkening, V. Hennige, R. Tatschl, A. Geier, C. Schramm, S.A. Freunberger,
    Journal of Power Sources 306 (2016) 702–710.
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:16:51Z
date_published: 2016-02-29T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:12:51Z
day: '29'
doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.12.047
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       306'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa_version: None
page: 702-710
publication: Journal of Power Sources
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0378-7753
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Evaluating the trade-off between mechanical and electrochemical performance
  of separators for lithium-ion batteries: Methodology and application'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 306
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '7327'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Propagation of performance changes to adjacent cells in polymer electrolyte
    fuel cell stacks is studied by means of voltage monitoring and local current density
    measurements in peripheral cells of the stack. A technical fuel cell stack has
    been modified by implementing two independent reactant and coolant supplies in
    order to deliberately change the performance of one cell (anomalous cell) and
    study the coupling phenomena to adjacent cells (coupling cells), while keeping
    the working conditions of the later cell-group unaltered.\r\nTwo anomalies are
    studied: (i) air starvation and (ii) thermal anomaly, in a single anomalous cell
    in the stack and their coupling to adjacent cells. The results have shown that
    anomalies inducing considerable changes in the local current density of the anomalous
    cell (such as air starvation) propagate to adjacent cells affecting their performance.
    The propagation of local current density changes takes place via the common bipolar
    plate due to its finite thickness and in-plane conductivity. Consequently, anomalies
    which do not strongly influence the local current density distribution (such as
    a thermal anomaly under the studied working conditions) do not propagate to adjacent
    cells."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Santis, Marco
  last_name: Santis
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Papra, Matthias
  last_name: Papra
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Wokaun, Alexander
  last_name: Wokaun
- first_name: Felix N.
  full_name: Büchi, Felix N.
  last_name: Büchi
citation:
  ama: Santis M, Freunberger SA, Papra M, Wokaun A, Büchi FN. Experimental investigation
    of coupling phenomena in polymer electrolyte fuel cell stacks. <i>Journal of Power
    Sources</i>. 2006;161(2):1076-1083. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.007">10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.007</a>
  apa: Santis, M., Freunberger, S. A., Papra, M., Wokaun, A., &#38; Büchi, F. N. (2006).
    Experimental investigation of coupling phenomena in polymer electrolyte fuel cell
    stacks. <i>Journal of Power Sources</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.007">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.007</a>
  chicago: Santis, Marco, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, Matthias Papra, Alexander
    Wokaun, and Felix N. Büchi. “Experimental Investigation of Coupling Phenomena
    in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Stacks.” <i>Journal of Power Sources</i>. Elsevier,
    2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.007">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.007</a>.
  ieee: M. Santis, S. A. Freunberger, M. Papra, A. Wokaun, and F. N. Büchi, “Experimental
    investigation of coupling phenomena in polymer electrolyte fuel cell stacks,”
    <i>Journal of Power Sources</i>, vol. 161, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 1076–1083, 2006.
  ista: Santis M, Freunberger SA, Papra M, Wokaun A, Büchi FN. 2006. Experimental
    investigation of coupling phenomena in polymer electrolyte fuel cell stacks. Journal
    of Power Sources. 161(2), 1076–1083.
  mla: Santis, Marco, et al. “Experimental Investigation of Coupling Phenomena in
    Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Stacks.” <i>Journal of Power Sources</i>, vol. 161,
    no. 2, Elsevier, 2006, pp. 1076–83, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.007">10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.007</a>.
  short: M. Santis, S.A. Freunberger, M. Papra, A. Wokaun, F.N. Büchi, Journal of
    Power Sources 161 (2006) 1076–1083.
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:22:56Z
date_published: 2006-10-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:13:06Z
day: '27'
doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.007
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       161'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa_version: None
page: 1076-1083
publication: Journal of Power Sources
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0378-7753
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
status: public
title: Experimental investigation of coupling phenomena in polymer electrolyte fuel
  cell stacks
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 161
year: '2006'
...
