[{"doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.011","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0306-4522"]},"isi":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"title":"Differential loss of spinal interneurons in a mouse model of ALS","author":[{"full_name":"Salamatina, Alina","first_name":"Alina","last_name":"Salamatina"},{"first_name":"Jerry H","last_name":"Yang","full_name":"Yang, Jerry H"},{"first_name":"Susan","last_name":"Brenner-Morton","full_name":"Brenner-Morton, Susan"},{"first_name":"Jay B ","last_name":"Bikoff","full_name":"Bikoff, Jay B "},{"full_name":"Fang, Linjing","last_name":"Fang","first_name":"Linjing"},{"full_name":"Kintner, Christopher R","first_name":"Christopher R","last_name":"Kintner"},{"first_name":"Thomas M","last_name":"Jessell","full_name":"Jessell, Thomas M"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-9242-5601","id":"56BE8254-C4F0-11E9-8E45-0B23E6697425","full_name":"Sweeney, Lora Beatrice Jaeger","last_name":"Sweeney","first_name":"Lora Beatrice Jaeger"}],"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","day":"01","file":[{"date_created":"2020-12-03T11:45:26Z","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2020-12-03T11:45:26Z","file_id":"8915","checksum":"da7413c819e079720669c82451b49294","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":4071247,"creator":"dernst","success":1,"file_name":"2020_Neuroscience_Salamatina.pdf"}],"publication":"Neuroscience","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"},"article_type":"original","publisher":"Elsevier","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","pmid":1,"department":[{"_id":"LoSw"}],"ddc":["570"],"date_published":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"publication_status":"published","has_accepted_license":"1","intvolume":"       450","citation":{"ama":"Salamatina A, Yang JH, Brenner-Morton S, et al. Differential loss of spinal interneurons in a mouse model of ALS. <i>Neuroscience</i>. 2020;450:81-95. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.011\">10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.011</a>","mla":"Salamatina, Alina, et al. “Differential Loss of Spinal Interneurons in a Mouse Model of ALS.” <i>Neuroscience</i>, vol. 450, Elsevier, 2020, pp. 81–95, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.011\">10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.011</a>.","ista":"Salamatina A, Yang JH, Brenner-Morton S, Bikoff JB, Fang L, Kintner CR, Jessell TM, Sweeney LB. 2020. Differential loss of spinal interneurons in a mouse model of ALS. Neuroscience. 450, 81–95.","apa":"Salamatina, A., Yang, J. H., Brenner-Morton, S., Bikoff, J. B., Fang, L., Kintner, C. R., … Sweeney, L. B. (2020). Differential loss of spinal interneurons in a mouse model of ALS. <i>Neuroscience</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.011\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.011</a>","ieee":"A. Salamatina <i>et al.</i>, “Differential loss of spinal interneurons in a mouse model of ALS,” <i>Neuroscience</i>, vol. 450. Elsevier, pp. 81–95, 2020.","chicago":"Salamatina, Alina, Jerry H Yang, Susan Brenner-Morton, Jay B  Bikoff, Linjing Fang, Christopher R Kintner, Thomas M Jessell, and Lora B. Sweeney. “Differential Loss of Spinal Interneurons in a Mouse Model of ALS.” <i>Neuroscience</i>. Elsevier, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.011\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.011</a>.","short":"A. Salamatina, J.H. Yang, S. Brenner-Morton, J.B. Bikoff, L. Fang, C.R. Kintner, T.M. Jessell, L.B. Sweeney, Neuroscience 450 (2020) 81–95."},"status":"public","external_id":{"isi":["000595588700008"],"pmid":["32858144"]},"volume":450,"date_created":"2020-12-03T11:47:31Z","file_date_updated":"2020-12-03T11:45:26Z","page":"81-95","abstract":[{"text":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) leads to a loss of specific motor neuron populations in the spinal cord and cortex. Emerging evidence suggests that interneurons may also be affected, but a detailed characterization of interneuron loss and its potential impacts on motor neuron loss and disease progression is lacking. To examine this issue, the fate of V1 inhibitory neurons during ALS was assessed in the ventral spinal cord using the SODG93A mouse model. The V1 population makes up ∼30% of all ventral inhibitory neurons, ∼50% of direct inhibitory synaptic contacts onto motor neuron cell bodies, and is thought to play a key role in modulating motor output, in part through recurrent and reciprocal inhibitory circuits. We find that approximately half of V1 inhibitory neurons are lost in SODG93A mice at late disease stages, but that this loss is delayed relative to the loss of motor neurons and V2a excitatory neurons. We further identify V1 subpopulations based on transcription factor expression that are differentially susceptible to degeneration in SODG93A mice. At an early disease stage, we show that V1 synaptic contacts with motor neuron cell bodies increase, suggesting an upregulation of inhibition before V1 neurons are lost in substantial numbers. These data support a model in which progressive changes in V1 synaptic contacts early in disease, and in select V1 subpopulations at later stages, represent a compensatory upregulation and then deleterious breakdown of specific interneuron circuits within the spinal cord.","lang":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2024-01-31T10:15:34Z","oa_version":"Published Version","month":"12","type":"journal_article","_id":"8914","acknowledgement":"This work was made possible by the generous support of Project ALS. Imaging and related analyses were facilitated by The Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center Core at the Salk Institute, supported by grants from NIH-NCI CCSG (P30 014195) and NINDS Neuroscience Center (NS072031). The authors would like to additionally thank Drs. Jane Dodd, Robert Brownstone, and Laskaro Zagoraiou for helpful comments on the manuscript. This manuscript is dedicated to Tom Jessell, an inspirational scientist, friend and mentor.","year":"2020"},{"pmid":1,"user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","publisher":"Elsevier","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","publication":"Neuroscience","day":"10","author":[{"last_name":"Geurts","first_name":"Frederik","full_name":"Geurts, Frederik"},{"full_name":"Timmermans, Jean","first_name":"Jean","last_name":"Timmermans"},{"full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","last_name":"Shigemoto","first_name":"Ryuichi"},{"first_name":"Erik","last_name":"De Schutter","full_name":"De Schutter, Erik"}],"publist_id":"4292","title":"Morphological and neurochemical differentiation of large granular layer interneurons in the adult rat cerebellum","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"2","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0306-4522"]},"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00058-6","year":"2001","_id":"2605","date_updated":"2023-05-24T12:45:30Z","abstract":[{"text":"The granular layer of the cerebellar cortex consists of densely packed neuronal cells, classified into granule cells and large interneurons. In this study, we provide a comparative survey of large granular layer interneurons in the adult rat cerebellum based on both morphological and neurochemical criteria. To this end, double immunofluorescence histochemistry was performed by combining antibodies against the cytoplasmic antigen Rat-303, calretinin, the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR2 and somatostatin. Based on Rat-303/calretinin double immunohistochemistry, three distinct populations of large granular layer interneurons could be discerned: cells immunopositive for Rat-303, calretinin or both. Rat-303 or calretinin single-labeled cells represented Golgi cells and unipolar brush cells, respectively. Rat-303/calretinin double-labeled cells located just underneath the Purkinje cell layer represented Lugaro cells. Morphometrical analysis distinguished two populations of Rat-303-positive Golgi cells according to their location: vermis versus hemisphere. Immunostaining for the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR2 combined with Rat-303 or calretinin revealed that the majority of Golgi cells (about 90%) appeared to be mGluR2 positive. Lugaro cells were mGluR2 negative. In addition, a limited population of large polymorphous interneurons in the depth of the granular layer with morphological features resembling Golgi cells also displayed Rat-303/calretinin immunoreactivity and were mGluR2 negative. Double immunohistochemistry for Rat-303 and somatostatin revealed three populations of labeled cells in the depth of the granular layer. Besides double-labeled Golgi cells, Rat-303 or somatostatin single-labeled cells were present. Based on mGluR2/somatostatin and calretinin/somatostatin double immunostainings, Rat-303 single-labeled cells were found to correspond to Rat-303/calretinin-positive, mGluR2-negative Golgi-like cells, while the identity of somatostatin single-labeled cells remained unclear. The data presented in this article elaborate previous reports on the morphological and neurochemical differentiation of large interneurons in the rat cerebellar granular layer. In addition, they indicate that the current classification of these cells into Golgi cells, Lugaro cells and unipolar brush cells does not describe the observed neurochemical heterogeneity.","lang":"eng"}],"month":"05","oa_version":"None","type":"journal_article","page":"499 - 512","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:58:38Z","volume":104,"external_id":{"pmid":["11377850"]},"status":"public","citation":{"ama":"Geurts F, Timmermans J, Shigemoto R, De Schutter E. Morphological and neurochemical differentiation of large granular layer interneurons in the adult rat cerebellum. <i>Neuroscience</i>. 2001;104(2):499-512. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00058-6\">10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00058-6</a>","ista":"Geurts F, Timmermans J, Shigemoto R, De Schutter E. 2001. Morphological and neurochemical differentiation of large granular layer interneurons in the adult rat cerebellum. Neuroscience. 104(2), 499–512.","mla":"Geurts, Frederik, et al. “Morphological and Neurochemical Differentiation of Large Granular Layer Interneurons in the Adult Rat Cerebellum.” <i>Neuroscience</i>, vol. 104, no. 2, Elsevier, 2001, pp. 499–512, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00058-6\">10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00058-6</a>.","apa":"Geurts, F., Timmermans, J., Shigemoto, R., &#38; De Schutter, E. (2001). Morphological and neurochemical differentiation of large granular layer interneurons in the adult rat cerebellum. <i>Neuroscience</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00058-6\">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00058-6</a>","ieee":"F. Geurts, J. Timmermans, R. Shigemoto, and E. De Schutter, “Morphological and neurochemical differentiation of large granular layer interneurons in the adult rat cerebellum,” <i>Neuroscience</i>, vol. 104, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 499–512, 2001.","chicago":"Geurts, Frederik, Jean Timmermans, Ryuichi Shigemoto, and Erik De Schutter. “Morphological and Neurochemical Differentiation of Large Granular Layer Interneurons in the Adult Rat Cerebellum.” <i>Neuroscience</i>. Elsevier, 2001. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00058-6\">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00058-6</a>.","short":"F. Geurts, J. Timmermans, R. Shigemoto, E. De Schutter, Neuroscience 104 (2001) 499–512."},"extern":"1","intvolume":"       104","publication_status":"published","date_published":"2001-05-10T00:00:00Z"},{"page":"413 - 429","type":"journal_article","month":"07","oa_version":"None","date_updated":"2023-05-24T09:31:48Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The regulation of neurotransmitter receptors during synapse formation has been studied extensively at the neuromuscular junction, but little is known about the development of excitatory neurotransmitter receptors during synaptogenesis in central synapses. In this study we show qualitatively and quantitatively that a receptor undergoes changes in localisation on the surface of rat Purkinje cells during development in association with its excitatory synapses. The presence of mGluR1α at parallel and climbing fibre synapses on developing Purkinje cells was studied using high-resolution immunoelectron microscopy. Immunoreactivity for mGluR1α was detected from embryonic day 18 in Purkinje cells, and showed dramatic changes in its localisation with age. At early postnatal ages (P0 and P3), mGluR1α was found both in somata and stem dendrites but was not usually associated with synaptic contacts. At P7, mGluR1α became concentrated in somatic spines associated with climbing fibres and in the growing dendritic arborisation even before innervation by parallel fibres. During the second and third postnatal week, when spines and parallel fibre synapses were generated, mGluR1α became progressively concentrated in the molecular layer, particularly in the synaptic specialisations. As a result, during the fourth postnatal week, the pattern and level of mGluR1α expression became similar to the adult and mGluR1α appeared in high density in perisynaptic sites. Our results indicate that mGluR1α is present in the developing Purkinje cells prior to their innervation by climbing and parallel fibres and demonstrate that this receptor undergoes a dynamic and specific regulation during postnatal development in association with the establishment of synaptic inputs to Purkinje cell."}],"volume":105,"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:58:39Z","acknowledgement":"öWe thank Drs. Paul Bolam, Ole Paulsen, Je¡ McIlhinney, Alfonso Faire¨n and Francisco Ciruela for reviewing a previous version of this manuscript and Mrs Alexandra Salewski for the English revision of the manuscript. We also want to thank Dr. Peter Somogyi for offering the facilities of the MRC Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit to carry out part of this study. This work was supported by a Grant from the European Community (QLG3-CT-1999-00192 to R.L.) and the Spanish Ministry of Education (DGES PM 97-0082 to J.M.J.).","year":"2001","_id":"2608","publication_status":"published","date_published":"2001-07-27T00:00:00Z","status":"public","external_id":{"pmid":["11672608 "]},"intvolume":"       105","extern":"1","citation":{"short":"G. López Bendito, R. Shigemoto, R. Luján, J. Juíz, Neuroscience 105 (2001) 413–429.","ieee":"G. López Bendito, R. Shigemoto, R. Luján, and J. Juíz, “Developmental changes in the localisation of the mGluR1α subtype of metabotropic glutamate receptors in Purkinje cells,” <i>Neuroscience</i>, vol. 105, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 413–429, 2001.","chicago":"López Bendito, Guillermina, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Rafael Luján, and José Juíz. “Developmental Changes in the Localisation of the MGluR1α Subtype of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Purkinje Cells.” <i>Neuroscience</i>. Elsevier, 2001. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00188-9\">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00188-9</a>.","ista":"López Bendito G, Shigemoto R, Luján R, Juíz J. 2001. Developmental changes in the localisation of the mGluR1α subtype of metabotropic glutamate receptors in Purkinje cells. Neuroscience. 105(2), 413–429.","mla":"López Bendito, Guillermina, et al. “Developmental Changes in the Localisation of the MGluR1α Subtype of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Purkinje Cells.” <i>Neuroscience</i>, vol. 105, no. 2, Elsevier, 2001, pp. 413–29, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00188-9\">10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00188-9</a>.","apa":"López Bendito, G., Shigemoto, R., Luján, R., &#38; Juíz, J. (2001). Developmental changes in the localisation of the mGluR1α subtype of metabotropic glutamate receptors in Purkinje cells. <i>Neuroscience</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00188-9\">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00188-9</a>","ama":"López Bendito G, Shigemoto R, Luján R, Juíz J. Developmental changes in the localisation of the mGluR1α subtype of metabotropic glutamate receptors in Purkinje cells. <i>Neuroscience</i>. 2001;105(2):413-429. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00188-9\">10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00188-9</a>"},"author":[{"last_name":"López Bendito","first_name":"Guillermina","full_name":"López Bendito, Guillermina"},{"last_name":"Shigemoto","first_name":"Ryuichi","full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444"},{"full_name":"Luján, Rafael","last_name":"Luján","first_name":"Rafael"},{"first_name":"José","last_name":"Juíz","full_name":"Juíz, José"}],"day":"27","title":"Developmental changes in the localisation of the mGluR1α subtype of metabotropic glutamate receptors in Purkinje cells","publist_id":"4290","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","publisher":"Elsevier","pmid":1,"publication":"Neuroscience","article_type":"original","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0306-4522"]},"doi":"10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00188-9","quality_controlled":"1","issue":"2","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"date_published":"2001-09-27T00:00:00Z","publication_status":"published","citation":{"short":"Y. Tamaru, S. Nomura, N. Mizuno, R. Shigemoto, Neuroscience 106 (2001) 481–503.","ieee":"Y. Tamaru, S. Nomura, N. Mizuno, and R. Shigemoto, “Distribution of metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR3 in the mouse CNS: Differential location relative to pre- and postsynaptic sites,” <i>Neuroscience</i>, vol. 106, no. 3. Elsevier, pp. 481–503, 2001.","chicago":"Tamaru, Y, Sakashi Nomura, Noboru Mizuno, and Ryuichi Shigemoto. “Distribution of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor MGluR3 in the Mouse CNS: Differential Location Relative to Pre- and Postsynaptic Sites.” <i>Neuroscience</i>. Elsevier, 2001. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00305-0\">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00305-0</a>.","ista":"Tamaru Y, Nomura S, Mizuno N, Shigemoto R. 2001. Distribution of metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR3 in the mouse CNS: Differential location relative to pre- and postsynaptic sites. Neuroscience. 106(3), 481–503.","mla":"Tamaru, Y., et al. “Distribution of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor MGluR3 in the Mouse CNS: Differential Location Relative to Pre- and Postsynaptic Sites.” <i>Neuroscience</i>, vol. 106, no. 3, Elsevier, 2001, pp. 481–503, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00305-0\">10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00305-0</a>.","apa":"Tamaru, Y., Nomura, S., Mizuno, N., &#38; Shigemoto, R. (2001). Distribution of metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR3 in the mouse CNS: Differential location relative to pre- and postsynaptic sites. <i>Neuroscience</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00305-0\">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00305-0</a>","ama":"Tamaru Y, Nomura S, Mizuno N, Shigemoto R. Distribution of metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR3 in the mouse CNS: Differential location relative to pre- and postsynaptic sites. <i>Neuroscience</i>. 2001;106(3):481-503. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00305-0\">10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00305-0</a>"},"intvolume":"       106","extern":"1","external_id":{"pmid":["11591452"]},"status":"public","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:58:39Z","volume":106,"oa_version":"None","type":"journal_article","month":"09","date_updated":"2023-05-24T08:51:17Z","abstract":[{"text":"The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) have distinct distribution patterns in the CNS but subtypes within group I or group III mGluRs share similar ultrastructural localization relative to neurotransmitter release sites: group I mGluRs are concentrated in an annulus surrounding the edge of the postsynaptic density, whereas group III mGluRs are concentrated in the presynaptic active zone. One of the group II subtypes, mGluR2, is expressed in both pre- and postsynaptic elements, having no close association with synapses. In order to determine if such a distribution is common to another group II subtype, mGluR3, an antibody was raised against a carboxy-terminus of mGluR3 and used for light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry in the mouse CNS. The antibody reacted strongly with mGluR3, but it also reacted, though only weakly, with mGluR2. Therefore, to examine mGluR3-selective distribution, we used mGluR2-deficient mice as well as wild-type mice. Strong immunoreactivity for mGluR3 was found in the cerebral cortex, striatum, dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, olfactory tubercle, lateral septal nucleus, lateral and basolateral amygdaloid nuclei, and nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract. Pre-embedding immunoperoxidase and immunogold methods revealed mGluR3 labeling in both presynaptic and postsynaptic elements, and also in glial profiles. Double labeling revealed that the vast majority of mGluR3 in presynaptic elements is not closely associated with glutamate and GABA release sites in the striatum and thalamus, respectively. However, in the spines of the dentate granule cells, the highest receptor density was found in perisynaptic sites (20% of immunogold particles within 60 nm from the edge of postsynaptic membrane specialization) followed by a decreasing receptor density away from the synapses (to ∼5% of particles per 60 nm). Furthermore, 19% of immunogold particles were located in asymmetrical postsynaptic specialization, indicating an association of mGluR3 to glutamatergic synapses. The present results indicate that the localization of mGluR3 is rather similar to that of group I mGluRs in the postsynaptic elements, suggesting a unique functional role of mGluR3 in glutamatergic neurotransmission in the CNS.","lang":"eng"}],"page":"481 - 503","_id":"2609","year":"2001","acknowledgement":"We are grateful to M. Yokoi and S. Nakanishi for kindly providing us with the mGluR2-de¢cient mice and F. Ferraguti for mGluR8b cDNA. The technical assistance of S. Doi and the photographic assistance of A. Uesugi are acknowledged. This work has been supported by research grants from the Ministry of Education, Sports, Culture, Science, and Technology of Japan.","quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00305-0","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0306-4522"]},"issue":"3","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publist_id":"4289","title":"Distribution of metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR3 in the mouse CNS: Differential location relative to pre- and postsynaptic sites","day":"27","author":[{"full_name":"Tamaru, Y","first_name":"Y","last_name":"Tamaru"},{"full_name":"Nomura, Sakashi","first_name":"Sakashi","last_name":"Nomura"},{"first_name":"Noboru","last_name":"Mizuno","full_name":"Mizuno, Noboru"},{"last_name":"Shigemoto","first_name":"Ryuichi","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi"}],"article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","publication":"Neuroscience","pmid":1,"publisher":"Elsevier","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17"},{"status":"public","external_id":{"pmid":["11738139"]},"citation":{"ama":"Ruocco I, Cuello A, Shigemoto R, Ribeiro Da Silva A. Sympathectomies lead to transient substance P-immunoreactive sensory fibre plasticity in the rat skin. <i>Neuroscience</i>. 2001;108(1):157-166. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00158-0\">10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00158-0</a>","apa":"Ruocco, I., Cuello, A., Shigemoto, R., &#38; Ribeiro Da Silva, A. (2001). Sympathectomies lead to transient substance P-immunoreactive sensory fibre plasticity in the rat skin. <i>Neuroscience</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00158-0\">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00158-0</a>","ista":"Ruocco I, Cuello A, Shigemoto R, Ribeiro Da Silva A. 2001. Sympathectomies lead to transient substance P-immunoreactive sensory fibre plasticity in the rat skin. Neuroscience. 108(1), 157–166.","mla":"Ruocco, Isabella, et al. “Sympathectomies Lead to Transient Substance P-Immunoreactive Sensory Fibre Plasticity in the Rat Skin.” <i>Neuroscience</i>, vol. 108, no. 1, Elsevier, 2001, pp. 157–66, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00158-0\">10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00158-0</a>.","chicago":"Ruocco, Isabella, Augusto Cuello, Ryuichi Shigemoto, and Alfredo Ribeiro Da Silva. “Sympathectomies Lead to Transient Substance P-Immunoreactive Sensory Fibre Plasticity in the Rat Skin.” <i>Neuroscience</i>. Elsevier, 2001. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00158-0\">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00158-0</a>.","ieee":"I. Ruocco, A. Cuello, R. Shigemoto, and A. Ribeiro Da Silva, “Sympathectomies lead to transient substance P-immunoreactive sensory fibre plasticity in the rat skin,” <i>Neuroscience</i>, vol. 108, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 157–166, 2001.","short":"I. Ruocco, A. Cuello, R. Shigemoto, A. Ribeiro Da Silva, Neuroscience 108 (2001) 157–166."},"intvolume":"       108","extern":"1","publication_status":"published","date_published":"2001-12-05T00:00:00Z","year":"2001","acknowledgement":"The work contained in this manuscript was sponsored by the Canadian MRC, Grants # MT-12170 and MoP-38093. The authors would like to thank Sylvain Cote for technical assistance and Sid Parkinson for editorial assistance.","_id":"2611","type":"journal_article","month":"12","oa_version":"None","abstract":[{"text":"Research using animal models of neuropathic pain has revealed sympathetic sprouting onto dorsal root ganglion cells. More recently, sensory fibre sprouting onto dorsal root ganglion cells has also been observed. Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated persistent sympathetic fibre sprouting in the skin of the rat lower lip following sensory denervation of this region. Therefore, we applied immunocytochemistry to determine the effects of sympathectomies on the terminal fields of sensory fibres. The superior cervical ganglia were removed bilaterally and the effects on the innervation of the skin of the rat lower lip were observed 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 weeks post-surgery. Substance P and dopamine-β-hydroxylase immunoreactivities were used to identify a subset of sensory and sympathetic fibres, respectively. We also assessed neurokinin-1 receptor immunoreactivity. Quantitative data was obtained with the aid of an image analysis system. In controls, the epidermis and upper dermis were innervated by substance P-immunoreactive fibres only and upper dermal blood vessels possessed the highest density of neurokinin-1 receptor immunoreactivity. Blood vessels in the lower dermis were innervated by both substance P- and dopamine-β-hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibres. Following sympathectomies, substance P-immunoreactive fibres in the epidermis and upper dermis were more intensely labelled only 1 and 2 weeks post-surgery when compared to sham controls. The length of substance P-immunoreactive fibres in this region was also increased only on the second week. Neurokinin-1 receptor immunoreactivity in the upper dermis was slightly decreased 1 and 2 weeks post-surgery. In the lower dermis, substance P-immunoreactive fibres associated with blood vessels were more intensely labelled only 1 and 2 weeks post-surgery, and at all post-surgical time points studied, blood vessels in this region were devoid of dopamine-β-hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibres. The length of substance P-immunoreactive fibres was increased from the first to the third week post-surgery in the lower dermis. These results indicate that sympathectomies lead to transient changes in substance P-immunoreactive fibre innervation and neurokinin-1 receptor expression in rat lower lip skin. The effects are most prominent in the lower dermis probably due to a greater local concentration of nerve growth factor in this region. The plasticity of the interactions between sensory and sympathetic fibres may prove important in the regulation of skin microcirculation and in the generation of painful sensations under normal conditions or following peripheral nerve injuries.","lang":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2023-05-22T12:15:44Z","page":"157 - 166","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:58:40Z","volume":108,"issue":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0306-4522"]},"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00158-0","pmid":1,"user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","publisher":"Elsevier","article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","publication":"Neuroscience","day":"05","author":[{"last_name":"Ruocco","first_name":"Isabella","full_name":"Ruocco, Isabella"},{"full_name":"Cuello, Augusto","last_name":"Cuello","first_name":"Augusto"},{"first_name":"Ryuichi","last_name":"Shigemoto","full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444"},{"full_name":"Ribeiro Da Silva, Alfredo","first_name":"Alfredo","last_name":"Ribeiro Da Silva"}],"publist_id":"4286","title":"Sympathectomies lead to transient substance P-immunoreactive sensory fibre plasticity in the rat skin"},{"status":"public","external_id":{"pmid":["10579564"]},"citation":{"short":"M. Penttonen, N. Nurminen, R. Miettinen, J. Sirviö, D. Henze, J.L. Csicsvari, G. Buzsáki, Neuroscience 94 (1999) 735–743.","chicago":"Penttonen, Markku, Nina Nurminen, Riitta Miettinen, Jouni Sirviö, Darrell Henze, Jozsef L Csicsvari, and György Buzsáki. “Ultra-Slow Oscillation (0.025 Hz) Triggers Hippocampal Afterdischarges in Wistar Rats.” <i>Neuroscience</i>. Elsevier, 1999. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(99)00367-X\">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(99)00367-X</a>.","ieee":"M. Penttonen <i>et al.</i>, “Ultra-slow oscillation (0.025 Hz) triggers hippocampal afterdischarges in Wistar rats,” <i>Neuroscience</i>, vol. 94, no. 3. Elsevier, pp. 735–743, 1999.","apa":"Penttonen, M., Nurminen, N., Miettinen, R., Sirviö, J., Henze, D., Csicsvari, J. L., &#38; Buzsáki, G. (1999). Ultra-slow oscillation (0.025 Hz) triggers hippocampal afterdischarges in Wistar rats. <i>Neuroscience</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(99)00367-X\">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(99)00367-X</a>","ista":"Penttonen M, Nurminen N, Miettinen R, Sirviö J, Henze D, Csicsvari JL, Buzsáki G. 1999. Ultra-slow oscillation (0.025 Hz) triggers hippocampal afterdischarges in Wistar rats. Neuroscience. 94(3), 735–743.","mla":"Penttonen, Markku, et al. “Ultra-Slow Oscillation (0.025 Hz) Triggers Hippocampal Afterdischarges in Wistar Rats.” <i>Neuroscience</i>, vol. 94, no. 3, Elsevier, 1999, pp. 735–43, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(99)00367-X\">10.1016/S0306-4522(99)00367-X</a>.","ama":"Penttonen M, Nurminen N, Miettinen R, et al. Ultra-slow oscillation (0.025 Hz) triggers hippocampal afterdischarges in Wistar rats. <i>Neuroscience</i>. 1999;94(3):735-743. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(99)00367-X\">10.1016/S0306-4522(99)00367-X</a>"},"extern":"1","intvolume":"        94","publication_status":"published","date_published":"1999-10-01T00:00:00Z","year":"1999","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the Academy of Finland (32391) and the NIH (NS34994, MH54671).","_id":"3515","type":"journal_article","month":"10","oa_version":"None","date_updated":"2022-09-07T13:16:01Z","abstract":[{"text":"Oscillations in neuronal networks are assumed to serve various physiological functions, from coordination of motor patterns to perceptual binding of sensory information. Here, we describe an ultra-slow oscillation (0.025 Hz) in the hippocampus. Extracellular and intracellular activity was recorded from the CA1 and subicular regions in rats of the Wistar and Sprague-Dawley strains. anesthetized with urethane. in a subgroup of Wistar rats (23%), spontaneous afterdischarges (4.7 +/- 1.6 s) occurred regularly at 40.8 +/- 15.7 s. The afterdischarge was initiated by a fast increase of population synchrony (100-250 Hz oscillation; “tonic” phase), followed by large-amplitude rhythmic waves and associated action potentials at gamma and beta frequency (15-50 Hz; “clonic” phase). The afterdischarges were bilaterally synchronous and terminated relatively abruptly without post-ictal depression. Single-pulse stimulation of the commissural input could trigger afterdischarges, but only at times when they were about to occur. Commissural stimulation evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in pyramidal cells. However, when the stimulus triggered an afterdischarge, the inhibitory postsynaptic potential was absent and the cells remained depolarized during most of the afterdischarge. Afterdischarges were not observed in the Sprague-Dawley rats. Long-term analysis of interneuronal activity in intact, drug-free rats also revealed periodic excitability changes in the hippocampal network at 0.025 Hz. These findings indicate the presence of an ultra-slow oscillation in the hippocampal formation. The ultra-slow clock induced afterdischarges in susceptible animals. We hypothesize that a transient failure of GABAergic inhibition in a subset of Wistar rats is responsible for the emergence of epileptiform patterns. (C) 1999 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.","lang":"eng"}],"page":"735 - 743","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:03:44Z","volume":94,"issue":"3","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0306-4522"]},"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1016/S0306-4522(99)00367-X","pmid":1,"publisher":"Elsevier","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","article_type":"original","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","publication":"Neuroscience","day":"01","author":[{"first_name":"Markku","last_name":"Penttonen","full_name":"Penttonen, Markku"},{"full_name":"Nurminen, Nina","last_name":"Nurminen","first_name":"Nina"},{"full_name":"Miettinen, Riitta","last_name":"Miettinen","first_name":"Riitta"},{"full_name":"Sirviö, Jouni","first_name":"Jouni","last_name":"Sirviö"},{"last_name":"Henze","first_name":"Darrell","full_name":"Henze, Darrell"},{"last_name":"Csicsvari","first_name":"Jozsef L","full_name":"Csicsvari, Jozsef L","orcid":"0000-0002-5193-4036","id":"3FA14672-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Buzsáki","first_name":"György","full_name":"Buzsáki, György"}],"publist_id":"2870","title":"Ultra-slow oscillation (0.025 Hz) triggers hippocampal afterdischarges in Wistar rats"},{"volume":76,"date_created":"2018-12-11T12:03:52Z","page":"1187 - 1203","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The contribution of the various hippocampal regions to the maintenance of epileptic activity, induced by stimulation of the perforant path or commissural system, was examined in the awake rat. Combination of multiple-site recordings with silicon probes, current source density analysis and unit recordings allowed for a high spatial resolution of the field events. Following perforant path stimulation, seizures began in the dentate gyrus, followed by events in the CA3-CA1 regions. After commissural stimulation, rhythmic bursts in the CA3-CA1 circuitry preceded the activation of the dentate gyrus. Correlation of events in the different subregions indicated that the sustained rhythmic afterdischarge (2-6 Hz) could not be explained by a cycle-by-cycle excitation of principal cell populations in the hippocampal-entorhinal loop. The primary afterdischarge always terminated in the CA1 region, followed by the dentate gyrus, CA3 region and the entorhinal cortex. The duration and pattern of the hippocampal afterdischarge was essentially unaffected by removal of the entorhinal cortex. The emergence of large population spike bursts coincided with a decreased discharge of interneurons in both CAI and hilar regions. The majority of hilar interneurons displayed a strong amplitude decrement prior to the onset of population spike phase of the afterdischarge. These findings suggest that (i) afterdischarges can independently arise in the CA3-CA1 and entorhinal-dentate gyrus circuitries, (ii) reverberation of excitation in the hippocampal-entorhinal loop is not critical for the maintenance of afterdischarges and (iii) decreased activity of the interneuronal network may release population bursting of principal cells. "}],"date_updated":"2022-08-19T11:53:06Z","oa_version":"None","month":"01","type":"journal_article","_id":"3541","acknowledgement":"We thank K. Wise and J. Hetke for providing us the silicon probes, J. J. Chrobak, S. L-W. Leung, G. G. Somjen and R. D. Traub for their comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by NINDS (NS34994; 1P41RR09754; NS33310) and the Whitehall Foundation. M. Penttonen was a visiting scholar at Rutgers University, supported by the Finnish Academy of Sciences and the A. I. Virtanen Institute.","year":"1997","date_published":"1997-01-15T00:00:00Z","publication_status":"published","extern":"1","intvolume":"        76","citation":{"ama":"Bragin A, Csicsvari JL, Penttonen M, Buzsáki G. Epileptic afterdischarge in the hippocampal-entorhinal system: Current source density and unit studies. <i>Neuroscience</i>. 1997;76(4):1187-1203. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(96)00446-0\">10.1016/S0306-4522(96)00446-0</a>","mla":"Bragin, Anatol, et al. “Epileptic Afterdischarge in the Hippocampal-Entorhinal System: Current Source Density and Unit Studies.” <i>Neuroscience</i>, vol. 76, no. 4, Elsevier, 1997, pp. 1187–203, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(96)00446-0\">10.1016/S0306-4522(96)00446-0</a>.","ista":"Bragin A, Csicsvari JL, Penttonen M, Buzsáki G. 1997. Epileptic afterdischarge in the hippocampal-entorhinal system: Current source density and unit studies. Neuroscience. 76(4), 1187–1203.","apa":"Bragin, A., Csicsvari, J. L., Penttonen, M., &#38; Buzsáki, G. (1997). Epileptic afterdischarge in the hippocampal-entorhinal system: Current source density and unit studies. <i>Neuroscience</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(96)00446-0\">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(96)00446-0</a>","ieee":"A. Bragin, J. L. Csicsvari, M. Penttonen, and G. Buzsáki, “Epileptic afterdischarge in the hippocampal-entorhinal system: Current source density and unit studies,” <i>Neuroscience</i>, vol. 76, no. 4. Elsevier, pp. 1187–1203, 1997.","chicago":"Bragin, Anatol, Jozsef L Csicsvari, Markku Penttonen, and György Buzsáki. “Epileptic Afterdischarge in the Hippocampal-Entorhinal System: Current Source Density and Unit Studies.” <i>Neuroscience</i>. Elsevier, 1997. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(96)00446-0\">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(96)00446-0</a>.","short":"A. Bragin, J.L. Csicsvari, M. Penttonen, G. Buzsáki, Neuroscience 76 (1997) 1187–1203."},"external_id":{"pmid":["9027878"]},"status":"public","title":"Epileptic afterdischarge in the hippocampal-entorhinal system: Current source density and unit studies","publist_id":"2844","author":[{"last_name":"Bragin","first_name":"Anatol","full_name":"Bragin, Anatol"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-5193-4036","id":"3FA14672-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Csicsvari, Jozsef L","last_name":"Csicsvari","first_name":"Jozsef L"},{"last_name":"Penttonen","first_name":"Markku","full_name":"Penttonen, Markku"},{"first_name":"György","last_name":"Buzsáki","full_name":"Buzsáki, György"}],"day":"15","publication":"Neuroscience","article_processing_charge":"No","article_type":"original","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","publisher":"Elsevier","pmid":1,"doi":"10.1016/S0306-4522(96)00446-0","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0306-4522"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"4"},{"date_updated":"2022-08-12T12:11:03Z","abstract":[{"text":"The metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes mGluR2 and mGluR5, which are thought to be coupled respectively to the inhibitory cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) cascade and the phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis/Ca2+ cascade, are known to be expressed on Golgi cells in the granular layer of the rat cerebellar cortex. In the present immunohistochemical study with a monoclonal antibody against mGluR2 and a polyclonal antibody for mGluR5, we examined whether or not mGluR2- and mGluR5-like immunoreactivities were both present in single Golgi cells in the rat cerebellar cortex. In double immunofluorescence histochemistry, no Golgi cells showed mGluR2- and mGluR5-like immunoreactivities simultaneously. Of the total number of Golgi cells immunoreactive for mGluR2 or mGluR5, about 90% were mGluR2-like immunoreactive, and about 10% were mGluR5-like immunoreactive. Golgi cells with mGluR2-like immunoreactivity were distributed evenly in the granular layer of all the cerebellar regions, while those with mGluR5-like immunoreactivity were distributed more frequently in the I, II, VII-X lobules of the vermis and the copula pyramidis of the hemisphere than in other cerebellar regions. The results indicate that Golgi cells containing mGluR2 are segregated from those possessing mGluR5. These two populations of Golgi cells, each equipped with a different metabolic glutamate receptor coupled to a different intracellular signal transduction system, may play different roles in the glutamatergic neuronal circuits in the cerebellar cortex.","lang":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","month":"12","oa_version":"None","page":"815 - 826","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:57:59Z","volume":75,"year":"1996","acknowledgement":"We thank Mr Akira Uesugi for expert photographic assistance. We also thank Dr Jeremy M. Henley for a critical reading of the manuscript.","_id":"2492","publication_status":"published","date_published":"1996-12-01T00:00:00Z","status":"public","external_id":{"pmid":["8951875"]},"citation":{"ieee":"A. Neki, H. Ohishi, T. Kaneko, R. Shigemoto, S. Nakanishi, and N. Mizuno, “Metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR2 and mGluR5 are expressed in two non-overlapping populations of Golgi cells in the rat cerebellum,” <i>Neuroscience</i>, vol. 75, no. 3. Elsevier, pp. 815–826, 1996.","chicago":"Neki, Akio, Hitoshi Ohishi, Takeshi Kaneko, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Shigetada Nakanishi, and Noboru Mizuno. “Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors MGluR2 and MGluR5 Are Expressed in Two Non-Overlapping Populations of Golgi Cells in the Rat Cerebellum.” <i>Neuroscience</i>. Elsevier, 1996. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(96)00316-8\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(96)00316-8</a>.","short":"A. Neki, H. Ohishi, T. Kaneko, R. Shigemoto, S. Nakanishi, N. Mizuno, Neuroscience 75 (1996) 815–826.","ama":"Neki A, Ohishi H, Kaneko T, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. Metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR2 and mGluR5 are expressed in two non-overlapping populations of Golgi cells in the rat cerebellum. <i>Neuroscience</i>. 1996;75(3):815-826. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(96)00316-8\">10.1016/0306-4522(96)00316-8</a>","mla":"Neki, Akio, et al. “Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors MGluR2 and MGluR5 Are Expressed in Two Non-Overlapping Populations of Golgi Cells in the Rat Cerebellum.” <i>Neuroscience</i>, vol. 75, no. 3, Elsevier, 1996, pp. 815–26, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(96)00316-8\">10.1016/0306-4522(96)00316-8</a>.","ista":"Neki A, Ohishi H, Kaneko T, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. 1996. Metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR2 and mGluR5 are expressed in two non-overlapping populations of Golgi cells in the rat cerebellum. Neuroscience. 75(3), 815–826.","apa":"Neki, A., Ohishi, H., Kaneko, T., Shigemoto, R., Nakanishi, S., &#38; Mizuno, N. (1996). Metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR2 and mGluR5 are expressed in two non-overlapping populations of Golgi cells in the rat cerebellum. <i>Neuroscience</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(96)00316-8\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(96)00316-8</a>"},"extern":"1","intvolume":"        75","day":"01","author":[{"first_name":"Akio","last_name":"Neki","full_name":"Neki, Akio"},{"full_name":"Ohishi, Hitoshi","first_name":"Hitoshi","last_name":"Ohishi"},{"full_name":"Kaneko, Takeshi","first_name":"Takeshi","last_name":"Kaneko"},{"first_name":"Ryuichi","last_name":"Shigemoto","id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi"},{"full_name":"Nakanishi, Shigetada","first_name":"Shigetada","last_name":"Nakanishi"},{"first_name":"Noboru","last_name":"Mizuno","full_name":"Mizuno, Noboru"}],"publist_id":"4409","title":"Metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR2 and mGluR5 are expressed in two non-overlapping populations of Golgi cells in the rat cerebellum","pmid":1,"user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","publisher":"Elsevier","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","publication":"Neuroscience","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0306-4522"]},"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1016/0306-4522(96)00316-8","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"3"},{"issue":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1016/0306-4522(94)90215-1","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0306-4522"]},"publication":"Neuroscience","article_type":"original","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","publisher":"Elsevier","pmid":1,"title":"Morphological and chemical characteristics of substance P receptor immunoreactive neurons in the rat neocortex","publist_id":"4413","author":[{"full_name":"Kaneko, Takeshi","first_name":"Takeshi","last_name":"Kaneko"},{"full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","last_name":"Shigemoto","first_name":"Ryuichi"},{"full_name":"Nakanishi, Shigetada","first_name":"Shigetada","last_name":"Nakanishi"},{"full_name":"Mizuno, Noboru","first_name":"Noboru","last_name":"Mizuno"}],"day":"01","intvolume":"        60","extern":"1","citation":{"ama":"Kaneko T, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. Morphological and chemical characteristics of substance P receptor immunoreactive neurons in the rat neocortex. <i>Neuroscience</i>. 1994;60(1):199-211. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(94)90215-1\">10.1016/0306-4522(94)90215-1</a>","mla":"Kaneko, Takeshi, et al. “Morphological and Chemical Characteristics of Substance P Receptor Immunoreactive Neurons in the Rat Neocortex.” <i>Neuroscience</i>, vol. 60, no. 1, Elsevier, 1994, pp. 199–211, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(94)90215-1\">10.1016/0306-4522(94)90215-1</a>.","ista":"Kaneko T, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. 1994. Morphological and chemical characteristics of substance P receptor immunoreactive neurons in the rat neocortex. Neuroscience. 60(1), 199–211.","apa":"Kaneko, T., Shigemoto, R., Nakanishi, S., &#38; Mizuno, N. (1994). Morphological and chemical characteristics of substance P receptor immunoreactive neurons in the rat neocortex. <i>Neuroscience</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(94)90215-1\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(94)90215-1</a>","ieee":"T. Kaneko, R. Shigemoto, S. Nakanishi, and N. Mizuno, “Morphological and chemical characteristics of substance P receptor immunoreactive neurons in the rat neocortex,” <i>Neuroscience</i>, vol. 60, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 199–211, 1994.","chicago":"Kaneko, Takeshi, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Shigetada Nakanishi, and Noboru Mizuno. “Morphological and Chemical Characteristics of Substance P Receptor Immunoreactive Neurons in the Rat Neocortex.” <i>Neuroscience</i>. Elsevier, 1994. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(94)90215-1\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(94)90215-1</a>.","short":"T. Kaneko, R. Shigemoto, S. Nakanishi, N. Mizuno, Neuroscience 60 (1994) 199–211."},"status":"public","external_id":{"pmid":["8052413"]},"date_published":"1994-05-01T00:00:00Z","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0306452294902151?via%3Dihub"}],"publication_status":"published","_id":"2488","acknowledgement":"We are grateful for photographic help of Mr A. Uesugi, and the support of Drs S. Fukuchi, T. Fukuda, R. Hayashi, M. Katsurada, Y. Kitani, K. Kumagai, H. Kuroda, H. Matsubara, H. Matsushima, C. Minakuchi, M. Nishio, G. Niwa, H. Ckla, M. Ohbayashi, S. Ohbayashi, H. Ohtsuka, S. Tamaki, E. Watanabe, K. Yoshino and Y. Yoshino. This work was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas 05248207 and 05267104, and Scientific Research (B) 05454658 and (C) 05680658 from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan.","year":"1994","volume":60,"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:57:58Z","page":"199 - 211","oa_version":"None","type":"journal_article","month":"05","date_updated":"2022-06-09T12:22:16Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Substance P receptor-expressing neurons in the rat cerebral neocortex were examined by single- and double-immunolabeling methods with an affinity-purified specific antibody to substance P receptor. Substance P receptor immunoreactivity was observed exclusively in non-pyramidal neurons. About a quarter of these substance P receptor-positive neocortical neurons showed intense immunoreactivity, and the other three quarters displayed weak substance P receptor immunoreactivity. The neurons showing intense substance P receptor immunoreactivity were large multipolar cells with a few long aspiny or sparsely-spiny dendrites, and were scattered throughout the neocortical layers except for layer I, and also in the underlying white matter. The weakly immunoreactive neurons were medium-sized multipolar cells with oval to round somata and aspiny varicose dendrites, and were distributed in all cortical layers with a bias to layers II-III and the superficial part of layer V. The double-immunofluorescence study revealed that almost all substance P receptor-positive neurons were immunoreactive for GABA, but negative for glutaminase. Substance P receptor immunoreactivity in GABAergic neocortical neurons were further examined by the double-immunofluorescence method with antibodies to markers for subgroups of GABAergic neurons. Somatostatin immunoreactivity was found in 89% of neurons with intense substance P receptor immunoreactivity, and in 1.5% of neurons with weak substance P receptor immunoreactivity. Neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity was also observed in 92% of neurons with intense immunoreactivity for substance P receptor, and in 1.6% of neurons with weak immunoreactivity for substance P receptor. In contrast, parvalbumin immunoreactivity was seen in 1.3% of neurons with intense substance P receptor immunoreactivity, and in 59% of weak substance P receptor immunoreactivity. Calbindin D28k immunoreactivity was found in 12 and 19% of neurons, respectively, with weak and intense immunoreactivities for substance P receptor. Virtually no cells showing substance P receptor immunoreactivity displayed immunoreactivity for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide or choline acetyltransferase. These results indicate that the neocortical neurons expressing substance P receptor constitute a subpopulation of GABAergic non-pyramidal cells, and are segregated into neurons with intense immunoreactivity and those with weak immunoreactivity for substance P receptor; the vast majority of neurons with intense substance P receptor immunoreactivity contain somatostatin and neuropeptide Y, and the majority of neurons with weak substance P receptor immunoreactivity have parvalbumin."}]},{"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0306-4522"]},"doi":"10.1016/0306-4522(94)90483-9","quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"3","author":[{"full_name":"Sugimoto, Yukihiko","last_name":"Sugimoto","first_name":"Yukihiko"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","last_name":"Shigemoto","first_name":"Ryuichi"},{"full_name":"Namba, Tsunehisa","last_name":"Namba","first_name":"Tsunehisa"},{"first_name":"Manabu","last_name":"Negishi","full_name":"Negishi, Manabu"},{"first_name":"Noboru","last_name":"Mizuno","full_name":"Mizuno, Noboru"},{"full_name":"Narumiya, Shuh","first_name":"Shuh","last_name":"Narumiya"},{"first_name":"Atsushi","last_name":"Ichikawa","full_name":"Ichikawa, Atsushi"}],"day":"01","title":"Distribution of the messenger rna for the prostaglandin e receptor subtype ep3 in the mouse nervous system","publist_id":"4411","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","publisher":"Elsevier","pmid":1,"publication":"Neuroscience","article_processing_charge":"No","article_type":"original","publication_status":"published","date_published":"1994-10-01T00:00:00Z","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0306452294904839?via%3Dihub"}],"external_id":{"pmid":["7870313"]},"status":"public","extern":"1","intvolume":"        62","citation":{"short":"Y. Sugimoto, R. Shigemoto, T. Namba, M. Negishi, N. Mizuno, S. Narumiya, A. Ichikawa, Neuroscience 62 (1994) 919–928.","ieee":"Y. Sugimoto <i>et al.</i>, “Distribution of the messenger rna for the prostaglandin e receptor subtype ep3 in the mouse nervous system,” <i>Neuroscience</i>, vol. 62, no. 3. Elsevier, pp. 919–928, 1994.","chicago":"Sugimoto, Yukihiko, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Tsunehisa Namba, Manabu Negishi, Noboru Mizuno, Shuh Narumiya, and Atsushi Ichikawa. “Distribution of the Messenger Rna for the Prostaglandin e Receptor Subtype Ep3 in the Mouse Nervous System.” <i>Neuroscience</i>. Elsevier, 1994. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(94)90483-9\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(94)90483-9</a>.","ista":"Sugimoto Y, Shigemoto R, Namba T, Negishi M, Mizuno N, Narumiya S, Ichikawa A. 1994. Distribution of the messenger rna for the prostaglandin e receptor subtype ep3 in the mouse nervous system. Neuroscience. 62(3), 919–928.","mla":"Sugimoto, Yukihiko, et al. “Distribution of the Messenger Rna for the Prostaglandin e Receptor Subtype Ep3 in the Mouse Nervous System.” <i>Neuroscience</i>, vol. 62, no. 3, Elsevier, 1994, pp. 919–28, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(94)90483-9\">10.1016/0306-4522(94)90483-9</a>.","apa":"Sugimoto, Y., Shigemoto, R., Namba, T., Negishi, M., Mizuno, N., Narumiya, S., &#38; Ichikawa, A. (1994). Distribution of the messenger rna for the prostaglandin e receptor subtype ep3 in the mouse nervous system. <i>Neuroscience</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(94)90483-9\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(94)90483-9</a>","ama":"Sugimoto Y, Shigemoto R, Namba T, et al. Distribution of the messenger rna for the prostaglandin e receptor subtype ep3 in the mouse nervous system. <i>Neuroscience</i>. 1994;62(3):919-928. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(94)90483-9\">10.1016/0306-4522(94)90483-9</a>"},"page":"919 - 928","date_updated":"2022-06-09T11:56:23Z","abstract":[{"text":"Distribution of the messenger RNA for the prostaglandin E receptor subtype EP3 was investigated by in situ hybridization in the nervous system of the mouse. The hybridization signals for EP3 were widely distributed in the brain and sensory ganglia and specifically localized to neurons. In the dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia, about half of the neurons were labeled intensely. In the brain, intensely labeled neurons were found in Ammon's horn, the preoptic nuclei, lateral hypothalamic area, dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, lateral mammillary nucleus, entopeduncular nucleus, substantia nigra pars compacta, locus coeruleus and raphe nuclei. Moderately labeled neurons were seen in the mitral cell layer of the main olfactory bulb, layer V of the entorhinal and parasubicular cortices, layers V and VI of the cerebral neocortex, nuclei of the diagonal band, magnocellular preoptic nucleus, globus pallidus and lateral parabrachial nucleus. In the thalamus, moderately labeled neurons were distributed in the anterior, ventromedial, laterodorsal, paraventricular and central medial nuclei. Based on these distributions, we suggest that EP3 not only mediates prostaglandin E2 signals evoked by blood-borne cytokines in the areas poor in the blood-brain barrier, but also responds to those formed intrinsically within the brain to modulate various neuronal activities. Possible EP3 actions are discussed in relation to the reported neuronal activities of prostaglandin E2 in the brain.","lang":"eng"}],"oa_version":"None","type":"journal_article","month":"10","volume":62,"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:57:58Z","acknowledgement":"This work was supported in part by Grants-in-aid for Scientific Research 05404020, 04255103. 05771975, 05671816 and 05454568 from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan and by grants from the Mitsubishi Foundation and the Takeda Science Foundation. We are grateful to Mr Akira Uesugi for photographic help. We also thank Drs Chihiro Akazawa, Hitoshi Ohishi and Masabumi Minami for helpful discussions. ","year":"1994","_id":"2490"},{"_id":"2540","acknowledgement":"We are grateful for the photographic help of Mr Akira Uesugi and the support of Drs Ryosuke Fujimori, Satoru Fukuchi, Toshio Fukuda, Ritsu Hayashi, Sozaburo Hayashi, Mizuho Katsurada, Yutaka Kitani, Keiko Kumagai, Hiroshi Kuroda, Toshio Kuroda, Hiroshi Matsubara. Hiroshi Matsushima. Chisato Minakuchi. Masatoshi ‘Nishio, Gonpei Niwa, Hajime Oda, Masahiko Ohbayashi, Seiichi Ohbayashi, Hiroyasu Ohtsuka, Shigeo Tamaki, Eizo Watanabe, Kazuo Yoshino and Toshiaki Yoshino. This work was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan.","year":"1993","volume":53,"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:58:16Z","page":"1009 - 1018","oa_version":"None","type":"journal_article","month":"01","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Distribution of the messenger RNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR2, which is coupled to the inhibitory cyclic AMP cascade, was investigated in the central nervous system of the adult rat by in situ hybridization. Transcripts of mGluR2 were specifically localized to neuronal cells of the brain. Although the hybridization signals were widely distributed in the brain, the most prominent expression of mGluR2 messenger RNA was seen in Golgi cells of the cerebellum. Marked expression of mGluR2 messenger RNA was further observed in the mitral cells of the accessory olfactory bulb, neurons in the external part of the anterior olfactory nucleus, and pyramidal neurons in the entorhinal and parasubicular cortical regions. The granule cells of the accessory olfactory bulb, and many pyramidal and non-pyramidal neurons in the neocortical, cingulate, retrosplenial and subicular cortices, were moderately labeled. All of the granule cells in the dentate gyrus were also labeled moderately, whereas no significant hybridization signals were detected in Ammon's horn. In the basal forebrain regions, moderately labeled neurons were distributed in the triangular septal nucleus, in the lateral, basolateral and basomedial amygdaloid nuclei, and in the medial mammillary nucleus. Weakly labeled neurons were sparsely scattered in the striatum, globus pallidus, ventral pallidum and claustrum. The subthalamic nucleus was also labeled weakly. No significant labeling was found in the entopeduncular nucleus and substantia nigra. In the thalamus, moderately labeled neurons were distributed in the anterodorsal, anteromedial, ventromedial, intralaminar and midline nuclei; the ventrolateral part of the anteroventral nucleus and the rostral pole of the ventrolateral nucleus also contained moderately labeled neurons. No significant labeling was found in the thalamic reticular, submedius, ventroposterior, lateral geniculate and medial geniculate nuclei. In the lower brainstem, labeling was generally weak. No significant hybridization signals were found in the spinal cord. Some neurons in the inner part of the inner nuclear layer of the retina and some retinal ganglion cells were labeled moderately. The pattern of distribution of mGluR2 messenger RNA revealed in the present study indicates specific roles of mGluR2 in the glutamatergic system in the brain."}],"date_updated":"2022-03-31T12:19:44Z","intvolume":"        53","extern":"1","citation":{"ama":"Ohishi H, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. Distribution of the messenger RNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR2, in the central nervous system of the rat. <i>Neuroscience</i>. 1993;53(4):1009-1018. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(93)90485-X\">10.1016/0306-4522(93)90485-X</a>","apa":"Ohishi, H., Shigemoto, R., Nakanishi, S., &#38; Mizuno, N. (1993). Distribution of the messenger RNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR2, in the central nervous system of the rat. <i>Neuroscience</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(93)90485-X\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(93)90485-X</a>","mla":"Ohishi, Hitoshi, et al. “Distribution of the Messenger RNA for a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor, MGluR2, in the Central Nervous System of the Rat.” <i>Neuroscience</i>, vol. 53, no. 4, Elsevier, 1993, pp. 1009–18, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(93)90485-X\">10.1016/0306-4522(93)90485-X</a>.","ista":"Ohishi H, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. 1993. Distribution of the messenger RNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR2, in the central nervous system of the rat. Neuroscience. 53(4), 1009–1018.","chicago":"Ohishi, Hitoshi, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Shigetada Nakanishi, and Noboru Mizuno. “Distribution of the Messenger RNA for a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor, MGluR2, in the Central Nervous System of the Rat.” <i>Neuroscience</i>. Elsevier, 1993. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(93)90485-X\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(93)90485-X</a>.","ieee":"H. Ohishi, R. Shigemoto, S. Nakanishi, and N. Mizuno, “Distribution of the messenger RNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR2, in the central nervous system of the rat,” <i>Neuroscience</i>, vol. 53, no. 4. Elsevier, pp. 1009–1018, 1993.","short":"H. Ohishi, R. Shigemoto, S. Nakanishi, N. Mizuno, Neuroscience 53 (1993) 1009–1018."},"external_id":{"pmid":["8389425"]},"status":"public","date_published":"1993-01-01T00:00:00Z","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/030645229390485X?via%3Dihub"}],"publication_status":"published","publication":"Neuroscience","article_type":"original","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","publisher":"Elsevier","pmid":1,"title":"Distribution of the messenger RNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR2, in the central nervous system of the rat","publist_id":"4358","author":[{"full_name":"Ohishi, Hitoshi","first_name":"Hitoshi","last_name":"Ohishi"},{"first_name":"Ryuichi","last_name":"Shigemoto","full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444"},{"full_name":"Nakanishi, Shigetada","first_name":"Shigetada","last_name":"Nakanishi"},{"full_name":"Mizuno, Noboru","last_name":"Mizuno","first_name":"Noboru"}],"day":"01","issue":"4","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1016/0306-4522(93)90485-X","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0306-4522"]}},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1873-7544"],"issn":["0306-4522"]},"doi":"10.1016/0306-4522(89)90109-7","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Elsevier","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","pmid":1,"publication":"Neuroscience","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","author":[{"full_name":"Kaneko, Takeshi","first_name":"Takeshi","last_name":"Kaneko"},{"last_name":"Itoh","first_name":"Kazuo","full_name":"Itoh, Kazuo"},{"full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Ryuichi","last_name":"Shigemoto"},{"full_name":"Mizuno, Noboru","first_name":"Noboru","last_name":"Mizuno"}],"day":"01","title":"Glutaminase-like immunoreactivity in the lower brainstem and cerebellum of the adult rat","publist_id":"4422","external_id":{"pmid":["2586753"]},"status":"public","intvolume":"        32","extern":"1","citation":{"apa":"Kaneko, T., Itoh, K., Shigemoto, R., &#38; Mizuno, N. (1989). Glutaminase-like immunoreactivity in the lower brainstem and cerebellum of the adult rat. <i>Neuroscience</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(89)90109-7\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(89)90109-7</a>","ista":"Kaneko T, Itoh K, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N. 1989. Glutaminase-like immunoreactivity in the lower brainstem and cerebellum of the adult rat. Neuroscience. 32(1), 79–98.","mla":"Kaneko, Takeshi, et al. “Glutaminase-like Immunoreactivity in the Lower Brainstem and Cerebellum of the Adult Rat.” <i>Neuroscience</i>, vol. 32, no. 1, Elsevier, 1989, pp. 79–98, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(89)90109-7\">10.1016/0306-4522(89)90109-7</a>.","ama":"Kaneko T, Itoh K, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N. Glutaminase-like immunoreactivity in the lower brainstem and cerebellum of the adult rat. <i>Neuroscience</i>. 1989;32(1):79-98. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(89)90109-7\">10.1016/0306-4522(89)90109-7</a>","short":"T. Kaneko, K. Itoh, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, Neuroscience 32 (1989) 79–98.","chicago":"Kaneko, Takeshi, Kazuo Itoh, Ryuichi Shigemoto, and Noboru Mizuno. “Glutaminase-like Immunoreactivity in the Lower Brainstem and Cerebellum of the Adult Rat.” <i>Neuroscience</i>. Elsevier, 1989. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(89)90109-7\">https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(89)90109-7</a>.","ieee":"T. Kaneko, K. Itoh, R. Shigemoto, and N. Mizuno, “Glutaminase-like immunoreactivity in the lower brainstem and cerebellum of the adult rat,” <i>Neuroscience</i>, vol. 32, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 79–98, 1989."},"publication_status":"published","date_published":"1989-01-01T00:00:00Z","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0306452289901097?via%3Dihub"}],"acknowledgement":"The authors wish to thank Mr. Akira Uesugi and Mr. Ken’ichi Uesugi for their photographic help. This work was partly supported by grants-in-aid from the Ministry of Education, science and Culture of Japan for Special Project Research 63112003. Special Research Project on Priority-Areas 63623505, Special Research 62480098 and Encouragement of Young Scientist 63770043. The support of the Niwa Medical Research Foundation, Dr. Satoru Fukuchi, Dr. Toshio Fukuda, Dr. Ritsu Hayashi, Dr. Yutaka Kitani, Dr. Hiroshi Matsushima, Dr. Gonpei Niwa, Dr. Hiroyasu Ohtsuka, Dr. Shigeo Tamaki, and Dr. Eizo Watanabe are gratefully acknowledged. ","year":"1989","_id":"2479","page":"79 - 98","abstract":[{"text":"Distribution of putative glutamatergic neurons in the lower brainstem and cerebellum of the rat was examined immunocytochemically by using a monoclonal antibody against phosphate-activated glutaminase, which has been proposed to be a major synthetic enzyme of transmitter glutamate and so may serve as a marker for glutamatergic neurons in the central nervous system. Intensely-immunolabeled neuronal cell bodies were densely distributed in the main precerebellar nuclei sending mossy fibers to the cerebellum; in the pontine nuclei, pontine tegmental reticular nucleus of Bechterew, external cuneate nucleus, and lateral reticular nucleus of the medulla oblongata. Phosphate-activated glutaminase-immunoreactive granular deposits were densely seen in the brachium pontis and restiform body, suggesting the immunolabeling of mossy fibers of passage. In the cerebellum, neuropil within the granule cell layer of the cerebellar cortex displayed intense phosphate-activated glutaminase-immunoreactivity, and that within the deep cerebellar nuclei showed moderate immunoreactivity. These results indicate that many mossy fiber terminals originate from phosphate-activated glutaminase-containing neurons and utilize phosphate-activated glutaminase for the synthesis of transmitter glutamate. Intensely-immunostained neuronal cell bodies were further observed in other regions which have been reported to contain neurons sending mossy fibers to the cerebellum; in the dorsal part of the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus, dorsomedial part of the oral subnucleus of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, interpolar subnucleus of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, paratrigeminal nucleus, supragenual nucleus, regions dorsal to the abducens nucleus and genu of the facial nerve, superior and medial vestibular nuclei, cell groups f, x and y, hypoglossal prepositus nucleus, intercalated nucleus, nucleus of Roller, reticular regions intercalated between the motor trigeminal and principal sensory trigeminal nuclei, linear nucleus, and gigantocellular and paramedian reticular formation. Neuronal cell bodies with intense phosphate-activated glutaminase-immunoreactivity were also found in other brainstem regions, such as the paracochlear glial substance, posterior ventral cochlear nucleus, and cell group e. Although it is still controversial whether all glutamatergic neurons use phosphate-activated glutaminase in a transmitter-related process and whether phosphate-activated glutaminase is involved in other metabolism-related processes, the neurons showing intense phosphate-activated glutaminase-immuno-reactivity in the present study were suggested to be putative glutamatergic neurons.","lang":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2022-02-15T09:47:08Z","oa_version":"None","month":"01","type":"journal_article","volume":32,"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:57:54Z"}]