---
_id: '12113'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The power factor of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)
    (PEDOT:PSS) film can be significantly improved by optimizing the oxidation level
    of the film in oxidation and reduction processes. However, precise control over
    the oxidation and reduction effects in PEDOT:PSS remains a challenge, which greatly
    sacrifices both S and σ. Here, we propose a two-step post-treatment using a mixture
    of ethylene glycol (EG) and Arginine (Arg) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in sequence
    to engineer high-performance PEDOT:PSS thermoelectric films. The high-polarity
    EG dopant removes the excess non-ionized PSS and induces benzenoid-to-quinoid
    conformational change in the PEDOT:PSS films. In particular, basic amino acid
    Arg tunes the oxidation level of PEDOT:PSS and prevents the films from over-oxidation
    during H2SO4 post-treatment, leading to increased S. The following H2SO4 post-treatment
    further induces highly orientated lamellar stacking microstructures to increase
    σ, yielding a maximum power factor of 170.6 μW m−1 K−2 at 460 K. Moreover, a novel
    trigonal-shape thermoelectric device is designed and assembled by the as-prepared
    PEDOT:PSS films in order to harvest heat via a vertical temperature gradient.
    An output power density of 33 μW cm−2 is generated at a temperature difference
    of 40 K, showing the potential application for low-grade wearable electronic devices.
acknowledgement: Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education
  Department (Program No.22JY012), Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi
  (Grant No.2022JZ-31), Young Talent fund of University Association for Science and
  Technology in Shaanxi, China (Grant No.20210411), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
  (Grant No. 2021M692621), the Foundation of Shaanxi University of Science & Technology
  (Grant No. 2017GBJ-03), Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry
  and Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University
  of Science and Technology (Grant No. KFKT2022-15), and Open Foundation of Shaanxi
  Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology,
  Shaanxi University of Science and Technology (Grant No. KFKT2022-15).
article_number: '156101'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Li
  full_name: Zhang, Li
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Xingyu
  full_name: Liu, Xingyu
  last_name: Liu
- first_name: Ting
  full_name: Wu, Ting
  last_name: Wu
- first_name: Shengduo
  full_name: Xu, Shengduo
  id: 12ab8624-4c8a-11ec-9e11-e1ac2438f22f
  last_name: Xu
- first_name: Guoquan
  full_name: Suo, Guoquan
  last_name: Suo
- first_name: Xiaohui
  full_name: Ye, Xiaohui
  last_name: Ye
- first_name: Xiaojiang
  full_name: Hou, Xiaojiang
  last_name: Hou
- first_name: Yanling
  full_name: Yang, Yanling
  last_name: Yang
- first_name: Qingfeng
  full_name: Liu, Qingfeng
  last_name: Liu
- first_name: Hongqiang
  full_name: Wang, Hongqiang
  last_name: Wang
citation:
  ama: Zhang L, Liu X, Wu T, et al. Two-step post-treatment to deliver high performance
    thermoelectric device with vertical temperature gradient. <i>Applied Surface Science</i>.
    2023;613. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.156101">10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.156101</a>
  apa: Zhang, L., Liu, X., Wu, T., Xu, S., Suo, G., Ye, X., … Wang, H. (2023). Two-step
    post-treatment to deliver high performance thermoelectric device with vertical
    temperature gradient. <i>Applied Surface Science</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.156101">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.156101</a>
  chicago: Zhang, Li, Xingyu Liu, Ting Wu, Shengduo Xu, Guoquan Suo, Xiaohui Ye, Xiaojiang
    Hou, Yanling Yang, Qingfeng Liu, and Hongqiang Wang. “Two-Step Post-Treatment
    to Deliver High Performance Thermoelectric Device with Vertical Temperature Gradient.”
    <i>Applied Surface Science</i>. Elsevier, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.156101">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.156101</a>.
  ieee: L. Zhang <i>et al.</i>, “Two-step post-treatment to deliver high performance
    thermoelectric device with vertical temperature gradient,” <i>Applied Surface
    Science</i>, vol. 613. Elsevier, 2023.
  ista: Zhang L, Liu X, Wu T, Xu S, Suo G, Ye X, Hou X, Yang Y, Liu Q, Wang H. 2023.
    Two-step post-treatment to deliver high performance thermoelectric device with
    vertical temperature gradient. Applied Surface Science. 613, 156101.
  mla: Zhang, Li, et al. “Two-Step Post-Treatment to Deliver High Performance Thermoelectric
    Device with Vertical Temperature Gradient.” <i>Applied Surface Science</i>, vol.
    613, 156101, Elsevier, 2023, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.156101">10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.156101</a>.
  short: L. Zhang, X. Liu, T. Wu, S. Xu, G. Suo, X. Ye, X. Hou, Y. Yang, Q. Liu, H.
    Wang, Applied Surface Science 613 (2023).
date_created: 2023-01-12T11:55:02Z
date_published: 2023-03-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-14T11:47:06Z
day: '15'
department:
- _id: MaIb
doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.156101
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000911497000001'
intvolume: '       613'
isi: 1
keyword:
- Surfaces
- Coatings and Films
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Surfaces and Interfaces
- General Physics and Astronomy
- General Chemistry
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa_version: None
publication: Applied Surface Science
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0169-4332
publication_status: epub_ahead
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Two-step post-treatment to deliver high performance thermoelectric device with
  vertical temperature gradient
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 613
year: '2023'
...