---
_id: '11849'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "This paper describes the DIGlTAL Continuous Profiling Infrastmcture, a sampling-based
    profiling system designed to run continuously on production systems. The system
    supports multiprocessors, works on unmodified executable& and collects profiles
    for entire systems, including user programs, shared libraries, and the operating
    system kernel. Samples are collected at a high rate (over 5200 samples/secper333-MHz
    processor), yet with low overhead (l-3% slowdown for most workloads). Analysis
    tools supplied with the profiling system use the sample data to produce an accurate
    accounting, down to the level of pipeline stalls incurred by individual instructions,
    of where time is being spent. When instructions incur stalls, the tools identify
    possible reasons, such as cache misses, branch mispredictions, and functional
    unit contention. The fine-grained instruction-level analysis guides users and
    automated optimizers to the causes of performance\r\nproblems and provides important
    insights for fixing them. "
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Jennifer M.
  full_name: Anderson, Jennifer M.
  last_name: Anderson
- first_name: Lance M.
  full_name: Berc, Lance M.
  last_name: Berc
- first_name: Jeffrey
  full_name: Dean, Jeffrey
  last_name: Dean
- first_name: Sanjay
  full_name: Ghemawat, Sanjay
  last_name: Ghemawat
- first_name: Monika H
  full_name: Henzinger, Monika H
  id: 540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000-0002-5008-6530
- first_name: Shun-Tak A.
  full_name: Leung, Shun-Tak A.
  last_name: Leung
- first_name: Richard L.
  full_name: Sites, Richard L.
  last_name: Sites
- first_name: Mark T.
  full_name: Vandevoorde, Mark T.
  last_name: Vandevoorde
- first_name: Carl A.
  full_name: Waldspurger, Carl A.
  last_name: Waldspurger
- first_name: William E.
  full_name: Weihl, William E.
  last_name: Weihl
citation:
  ama: 'Anderson JM, Berc LM, Dean J, et al. Continuous profiling: Where have all
    the cycles gone? <i>ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review</i>. 1997;31(5):1-14.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/269005.266637">10.1145/269005.266637</a>'
  apa: 'Anderson, J. M., Berc, L. M., Dean, J., Ghemawat, S., Henzinger, M. H., Leung,
    S.-T. A., … Weihl, W. E. (1997). Continuous profiling: Where have all the cycles
    gone? <i>ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review</i>. Association for Computing Machinery.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/269005.266637">https://doi.org/10.1145/269005.266637</a>'
  chicago: 'Anderson, Jennifer M., Lance M. Berc, Jeffrey Dean, Sanjay Ghemawat, Monika
    H Henzinger, Shun-Tak A. Leung, Richard L. Sites, Mark T. Vandevoorde, Carl A.
    Waldspurger, and William E. Weihl. “Continuous Profiling: Where Have All the Cycles
    Gone?” <i>ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review</i>. Association for Computing Machinery,
    1997. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/269005.266637">https://doi.org/10.1145/269005.266637</a>.'
  ieee: 'J. M. Anderson <i>et al.</i>, “Continuous profiling: Where have all the cycles
    gone?,” <i>ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review</i>, vol. 31, no. 5. Association
    for Computing Machinery, pp. 1–14, 1997.'
  ista: 'Anderson JM, Berc LM, Dean J, Ghemawat S, Henzinger MH, Leung S-TA, Sites
    RL, Vandevoorde MT, Waldspurger CA, Weihl WE. 1997. Continuous profiling: Where
    have all the cycles gone? ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review. 31(5), 1–14.'
  mla: 'Anderson, Jennifer M., et al. “Continuous Profiling: Where Have All the Cycles
    Gone?” <i>ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review</i>, vol. 31, no. 5, Association
    for Computing Machinery, 1997, pp. 1–14, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/269005.266637">10.1145/269005.266637</a>.'
  short: J.M. Anderson, L.M. Berc, J. Dean, S. Ghemawat, M.H. Henzinger, S.-T.A. Leung,
    R.L. Sites, M.T. Vandevoorde, C.A. Waldspurger, W.E. Weihl, ACM SIGOPS Operating
    Systems Review 31 (1997) 1–14.
date_created: 2022-08-16T07:07:03Z
date_published: 1997-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-02-21T16:30:27Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1145/269005.266637
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        31'
issue: '5'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1145/269005.266637
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1-14
publication: ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0163-5980
publication_status: published
publisher: Association for Computing Machinery
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '11849'
    relation: earlier_version
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Continuous profiling: Where have all the cycles gone?'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 31
year: '1997'
...