[{"user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"09","date_updated":"2023-06-02T08:18:22Z","type":"journal_article","oa_version":"Published Version","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1073/pnas.211214298","page":"12089 - 12092","date_published":"2001-10-09T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"pmid":["11593020"]},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0027-8424"]},"scopus_import":"1","author":[{"full_name":"Kondrashov, Fyodor","orcid":"0000-0001-8243-4694","id":"44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Kondrashov","first_name":"Fyodor"},{"full_name":"Kondrashov, Alexey","first_name":"Alexey","last_name":"Kondrashov"}],"extern":"1","quality_controlled":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC59772/","open_access":"1"}],"citation":{"mla":"Kondrashov, Fyodor, and Alexey Kondrashov. “Multidimensional Epistasis and the Disadvantage of Sex.” <i>PNAS</i>, vol. 98, no. 21, National Academy of Sciences, 2001, pp. 12089–92, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.211214298\">10.1073/pnas.211214298</a>.","apa":"Kondrashov, F., &#38; Kondrashov, A. (2001). Multidimensional epistasis and the disadvantage of sex. <i>PNAS</i>. National Academy of Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.211214298\">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.211214298</a>","chicago":"Kondrashov, Fyodor, and Alexey Kondrashov. “Multidimensional Epistasis and the Disadvantage of Sex.” <i>PNAS</i>. National Academy of Sciences, 2001. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.211214298\">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.211214298</a>.","short":"F. Kondrashov, A. Kondrashov, PNAS 98 (2001) 12089–12092.","ista":"Kondrashov F, Kondrashov A. 2001. Multidimensional epistasis and the disadvantage of sex. PNAS. 98(21), 12089–12092.","ieee":"F. Kondrashov and A. Kondrashov, “Multidimensional epistasis and the disadvantage of sex,” <i>PNAS</i>, vol. 98, no. 21. National Academy of Sciences, pp. 12089–12092, 2001.","ama":"Kondrashov F, Kondrashov A. Multidimensional epistasis and the disadvantage of sex. <i>PNAS</i>. 2001;98(21):12089-12092. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.211214298\">10.1073/pnas.211214298</a>"},"year":"2001","oa":1,"_id":"874","publication":"PNAS","title":"Multidimensional epistasis and the disadvantage of sex","pmid":1,"publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"text":"Sex is thought to facilitate accumulation of initially rare beneficial mutations by allowing simultaneous allele replacements at many loci. However, this advantage of sex depends on a restrictive assumption that the fitness of a genotype is determined by fitness potential, a single intermediate variable to which all loci contribute additively, so that new alleles can accumulate in any order. Individual-based simulations of sexual and asexual populations reveal that under generic selection, sex often retards adaptive evolution. When new alleles are beneficial only if they accumulate in a prescribed order, a sexual population may evolve two or more times slower than an asexual population because only asexual reproduction allows some overlap of successive allele replacements. Many other fitness surfaces lead to an even greater disadvantage of sex. Thus, either sex exists in spite of its impact on the rate of adaptive allele replacements, or natural fitness surfaces have rather specific properties, at least at the scale of intrapopulation genetic variability.","lang":"eng"}],"volume":98,"issue":"21","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","article_type":"original","publist_id":"6774","intvolume":"        98","status":"public","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:48:58Z","month":"10"},{"external_id":{"pmid":["11734656"]},"date_published":"2001-12-04T00:00:00Z","page":"14708 - 14713","scopus_import":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0027-8424"]},"article_processing_charge":"No","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","oa_version":"None","type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2023-05-15T11:08:08Z","day":"04","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1073/pnas.251610898 ","acknowledgement":"We thank Drs. J. Bischofberger and M. Martina for critically reading an earlier version of the manuscript and A. Blomenkamp for excellent technical assistance. Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Sonderforschungsbereich 505/C5 and Human Frontiers Science Program Organization Grant RG0017/98.","issue":"25","volume":98,"article_type":"original","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","intvolume":"        98","publist_id":"2891","month":"12","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:03:38Z","status":"public","citation":{"apa":"Alle, H., Jonas, P. M., &#38; Geiger, J. (2001). PTP and LTP at a hippocampal mossy fiber-interneuron synapse. <i>PNAS</i>. National Academy of Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.251610898 \">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.251610898 </a>","mla":"Alle, Henrik, et al. “PTP and LTP at a Hippocampal Mossy Fiber-Interneuron Synapse.” <i>PNAS</i>, vol. 98, no. 25, National Academy of Sciences, 2001, pp. 14708–13, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.251610898 \">10.1073/pnas.251610898 </a>.","chicago":"Alle, Henrik, Peter M Jonas, and Jörg Geiger. “PTP and LTP at a Hippocampal Mossy Fiber-Interneuron Synapse.” <i>PNAS</i>. National Academy of Sciences, 2001. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.251610898 \">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.251610898 </a>.","short":"H. Alle, P.M. Jonas, J. Geiger, PNAS 98 (2001) 14708–14713.","ista":"Alle H, Jonas PM, Geiger J. 2001. PTP and LTP at a hippocampal mossy fiber-interneuron synapse. PNAS. 98(25), 14708–14713.","ama":"Alle H, Jonas PM, Geiger J. PTP and LTP at a hippocampal mossy fiber-interneuron synapse. <i>PNAS</i>. 2001;98(25):14708-14713. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.251610898 \">10.1073/pnas.251610898 </a>","ieee":"H. Alle, P. M. Jonas, and J. Geiger, “PTP and LTP at a hippocampal mossy fiber-interneuron synapse,” <i>PNAS</i>, vol. 98, no. 25. National Academy of Sciences, pp. 14708–14713, 2001."},"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC64746/"}],"quality_controlled":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Alle","first_name":"Henrik","full_name":"Alle, Henrik"},{"full_name":"Jonas, Peter M","orcid":"0000-0001-5001-4804","id":"353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Peter M","last_name":"Jonas"},{"last_name":"Geiger","first_name":"Jörg","full_name":"Geiger, Jörg"}],"extern":"1","year":"2001","pmid":1,"publication":"PNAS","title":"PTP and LTP at a hippocampal mossy fiber-interneuron synapse","_id":"3496","oa":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The mossy fiber-CA3 pyramidal neuron synapse is a main component of the hippocampal trisynaptic circuitry. Recent studies, however, suggested that inhibitory interneurons are the major targets of the mossy fiber system. To study the regulation of mossy fiber-interneuron excitation, we examined unitary and compound excitatory postsynaptic currents in dentate gyrus basket cells, evoked by paired recording between granule and basket cells or extracellular stimulation of mossy fiber collaterals. The application of an associative high-frequency stimulation paradigm induced posttetanic potentiation (PTP) followed by homosynaptic long-term potentiation (LTP). Analysis of numbers of failures, coefficient of variation, and paired-pulse modulation indicated that both PTP and LTP were expressed presynaptically. The Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) did not affect PTP or LTP at a concentration of 10 mM but attenuated LTP at a concentration of 30 mM. Both forskolin, an adenylyl cyclase activator, and phorbolester diacetate, a protein kinase C stimulator, lead to a long-lasting increase in excitatory postsynaptic current amplitude. H-89, a protein kinase A inhibitor, and bisindolylmaleimide, a protein kinase C antagonist, reduced PTP, whereas only bisindolylmaleimide reduced LTP. These results may suggest a differential contribution of protein kinase A and C pathways to mossy fiber-interneuron plasticity. Interneuron PTP and LTP may provide mechanisms to maintain the balance between synaptic excitation of interneurons and that of principal neurons in the dentate gyrus-CA3 network. "}],"publication_status":"published"},{"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0027-8424"]},"scopus_import":"1","page":"9386 - 9390","date_published":"2001-07-31T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"pmid":["11470910"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1073/pnas.161274398","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants NS34994 and MH54671, the F. M. Kirby Foundation, the Human Frontier Science Program (X.L.), and the Uehara Memorial Foundation (H.H.).","article_processing_charge":"No","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","day":"31","type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2023-05-12T10:07:41Z","oa_version":"Published Version","publist_id":"2846","intvolume":"        98","status":"public","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:03:52Z","month":"07","volume":98,"issue":"16","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","article_type":"original","oa":1,"_id":"3540","publication":"PNAS","title":"Firing rates of hippocampal neurons are preserved during subsequent sleep episodes and modified by novel awake experience","pmid":1,"publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"What determines the firing rate of cortical neurons in the absence of external sensory input or motor behavior, such as during sleep? Hero we report that, in a familiar environment, the discharge frequency of simultaneously recorded individual CA1 pyramidal neurons and the coactivation of cell pairs remain highly correlated across sleep-wake-steep sequences. However, both measures were affected when new sets of neurons were activated in a novel environment. Nevertheless, the grand mean firing rate of the whole pyramidal cell population remained constant across behavioral states and testing conditions. The findings suggest that long-term firing patterns of single cells can be modified by experience. We hypothesize that increased firing rates of recently used neurons are associated with a concomitant decrease in the discharge activity of the remaining population, leaving the mean excitability of the hippocampal network unaltered."}],"quality_controlled":"1","extern":"1","author":[{"full_name":"Hirase, Hajima","first_name":"Hajima","last_name":"Hirase"},{"first_name":"Xavier","last_name":"Leinekugel","full_name":"Leinekugel, Xavier"},{"full_name":"Czurkó, András","last_name":"Czurkó","first_name":"András"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-5193-4036","full_name":"Csicsvari, Jozsef L","id":"3FA14672-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Jozsef L","last_name":"Csicsvari"},{"first_name":"György","last_name":"Buzsáki","full_name":"Buzsáki, György"}],"citation":{"mla":"Hirase, Hajima, et al. “Firing Rates of Hippocampal Neurons Are Preserved during Subsequent Sleep Episodes and Modified by Novel Awake Experience.” <i>PNAS</i>, vol. 98, no. 16, National Academy of Sciences, 2001, pp. 9386–90, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.161274398\">10.1073/pnas.161274398</a>.","apa":"Hirase, H., Leinekugel, X., Czurkó, A., Csicsvari, J. L., &#38; Buzsáki, G. (2001). Firing rates of hippocampal neurons are preserved during subsequent sleep episodes and modified by novel awake experience. <i>PNAS</i>. National Academy of Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.161274398\">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.161274398</a>","ieee":"H. Hirase, X. Leinekugel, A. Czurkó, J. L. Csicsvari, and G. Buzsáki, “Firing rates of hippocampal neurons are preserved during subsequent sleep episodes and modified by novel awake experience,” <i>PNAS</i>, vol. 98, no. 16. National Academy of Sciences, pp. 9386–9390, 2001.","ama":"Hirase H, Leinekugel X, Czurkó A, Csicsvari JL, Buzsáki G. Firing rates of hippocampal neurons are preserved during subsequent sleep episodes and modified by novel awake experience. <i>PNAS</i>. 2001;98(16):9386-9390. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.161274398\">10.1073/pnas.161274398</a>","ista":"Hirase H, Leinekugel X, Czurkó A, Csicsvari JL, Buzsáki G. 2001. Firing rates of hippocampal neurons are preserved during subsequent sleep episodes and modified by novel awake experience. PNAS. 98(16), 9386–9390.","chicago":"Hirase, Hajima, Xavier Leinekugel, András Czurkó, Jozsef L Csicsvari, and György Buzsáki. “Firing Rates of Hippocampal Neurons Are Preserved during Subsequent Sleep Episodes and Modified by Novel Awake Experience.” <i>PNAS</i>. National Academy of Sciences, 2001. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.161274398\">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.161274398</a>.","short":"H. Hirase, X. Leinekugel, A. Czurkó, J.L. Csicsvari, G. Buzsáki, PNAS 98 (2001) 9386–9390."},"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC55430/"}],"year":"2001"},{"article_processing_charge":"No","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","oa_version":"None","type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2022-09-01T13:47:05Z","day":"03","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1073/pnas.95.3.1319","acknowledgement":"We gratefully acknowledge Dr. A.Carne (Institute of Cancer Research, London, U.K.) for help with N-terminal sequencing. We thank Prof. C. J. Leaver (University of Oxford, U.K.), Prof. K.-H. Süss (Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany), and Prof. L. J. Rogers (University of Aberystwyth, U.K.) for gifts of antiserum against maize mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 and cytochrome bc1 complex, spinach FNR, and spinach ferredoxin, respectively. This work was supported by grants from The Royal Society and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council.","external_id":{"pmid":["9448329 "]},"date_published":"1998-02-03T00:00:00Z","page":"1319 - 1324","scopus_import":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0027-8424"]},"citation":{"mla":"Sazanov, Leonid A., et al. “The Plastid Ndh Genes Code for an NADH-Specific Dehydrogenase: Isolation of a Complex I Analogue from Pea Thylakoid Membranes.” <i>PNAS</i>, vol. 95, no. 3, National Academy of Sciences, 1998, pp. 1319–24, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.3.1319\">10.1073/pnas.95.3.1319</a>.","apa":"Sazanov, L. A., Burrows, P., &#38; Nixon, P. (1998). The plastid ndh genes code for an NADH-specific dehydrogenase: Isolation of a complex I analogue from pea thylakoid membranes. <i>PNAS</i>. National Academy of Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.3.1319\">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.3.1319</a>","ama":"Sazanov LA, Burrows P, Nixon P. The plastid ndh genes code for an NADH-specific dehydrogenase: Isolation of a complex I analogue from pea thylakoid membranes. <i>PNAS</i>. 1998;95(3):1319-1324. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.3.1319\">10.1073/pnas.95.3.1319</a>","ieee":"L. A. Sazanov, P. Burrows, and P. Nixon, “The plastid ndh genes code for an NADH-specific dehydrogenase: Isolation of a complex I analogue from pea thylakoid membranes,” <i>PNAS</i>, vol. 95, no. 3. National Academy of Sciences, pp. 1319–1324, 1998.","short":"L.A. Sazanov, P. Burrows, P. Nixon, PNAS 95 (1998) 1319–1324.","chicago":"Sazanov, Leonid A, Paul Burrows, and Peter Nixon. “The Plastid Ndh Genes Code for an NADH-Specific Dehydrogenase: Isolation of a Complex I Analogue from Pea Thylakoid Membranes.” <i>PNAS</i>. National Academy of Sciences, 1998. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.3.1319\">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.3.1319</a>.","ista":"Sazanov LA, Burrows P, Nixon P. 1998. The plastid ndh genes code for an NADH-specific dehydrogenase: Isolation of a complex I analogue from pea thylakoid membranes. PNAS. 95(3), 1319–1324."},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://europepmc.org/article/pmc/18756","open_access":"1"}],"quality_controlled":"1","extern":"1","author":[{"id":"338D39FE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-0977-7989","full_name":"Sazanov, Leonid A","first_name":"Leonid A","last_name":"Sazanov"},{"full_name":"Burrows, Paul","last_name":"Burrows","first_name":"Paul"},{"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Nixon","full_name":"Nixon, Peter"}],"year":"1998","pmid":1,"publication":"PNAS","title":"The plastid ndh genes code for an NADH-specific dehydrogenase: Isolation of a complex I analogue from pea thylakoid membranes","_id":"1956","oa":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"\r\nThe plastid genomes of several plants contain ndh genes-homologues of genes encoding subunits of the proton-pumping NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, or complex I, involved in respiration in mitochondria and eubacteria. From sequence similarities with these genes, the ndh gene products have been suggested to form a large protein complex (Ndh complex); however, the structure and function of this complex remains to be established. Herein we report the isolation of the Ndh complex from the chloroplasts of the higher plant Pisum sativum. The purification procedure involved selective solubilization of the thylakoid membrane with dodecyl maltoside, followed by two anion-exchange chromatography steps and one size-exclusion chromatography step. The isolated Ndh complex has an apparent total molecular mass of approximately 550 kDa and according to SDS/PAGE consists of at least 16 subunits including NdhA, NdhI, NdhJ, NdhK, and NdhH, which were identified by N-terminal sequencing and immunoblotting. The Ndh complex showed an NADH- and deamino-NADH-specific dehydrogenase activity, characteristic of complex I, when either ferricyanide or the quinones menadione and duroquinone were used as electron acceptors. This study describes the isolation of the chloroplast analogue of the respiratory complex I and provides direct evidence for the function of the plastid Ndh complex as an NADH:plastoquinone oxidoreductase. Our results are compatible with a dual role for the Ndh complex in the chloro-respiratory and cyclic photophosphorylation pathways."}],"publication_status":"published","issue":"3","volume":95,"article_type":"original","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","intvolume":"        95","publist_id":"5130","month":"02","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:54:54Z","status":"public"},{"type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2022-08-19T09:25:21Z","oa_version":"Published Version","day":"18","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","article_processing_charge":"No","acknowledgement":"We thank J. J. Bull, M. J. Ryan, M. Wade, B. Walsh, G. C. Williams, and an anonymous reviewer for discussions and suggestions. This research was supported by National Science Foundation Grant DEB94 – 07969, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Grants GRyHy09928 and GRyJy76057, and a travel grant from the Burroughs-Wellcome Fund.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.94.4.1282","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_published":"1997-02-18T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"pmid":["9037044 "]},"page":"1282 - 1286","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0027-8424"]},"scopus_import":"1","year":"1997","citation":{"ama":"Kirkpatrick M, Barton NH. The strength of indirect selection on female mating preferences. <i>PNAS</i>. 1997;94(4):1282-1286. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.4.1282\">10.1073/pnas.94.4.1282</a>","ieee":"M. Kirkpatrick and N. H. Barton, “The strength of indirect selection on female mating preferences,” <i>PNAS</i>, vol. 94, no. 4. National Academy of Sciences, pp. 1282–1286, 1997.","short":"M. Kirkpatrick, N.H. Barton, PNAS 94 (1997) 1282–1286.","chicago":"Kirkpatrick, Mark, and Nicholas H Barton. “The Strength of Indirect Selection on Female Mating Preferences.” <i>PNAS</i>. National Academy of Sciences, 1997. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.4.1282\">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.4.1282</a>.","ista":"Kirkpatrick M, Barton NH. 1997. The strength of indirect selection on female mating preferences. PNAS. 94(4), 1282–1286.","mla":"Kirkpatrick, Mark, and Nicholas H. Barton. “The Strength of Indirect Selection on Female Mating Preferences.” <i>PNAS</i>, vol. 94, no. 4, National Academy of Sciences, 1997, pp. 1282–86, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.4.1282\">10.1073/pnas.94.4.1282</a>.","apa":"Kirkpatrick, M., &#38; Barton, N. H. (1997). The strength of indirect selection on female mating preferences. <i>PNAS</i>. National Academy of Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.4.1282\">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.4.1282</a>"},"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/med/9037044"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Kirkpatrick","full_name":"Kirkpatrick, Mark"},{"last_name":"Barton","first_name":"Nicholas H","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"extern":"1","quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"An important but controversial class of hypotheses concerning the evolution of female preferences for extreme male mating displays involves 'indirect selection.' Even in the absence of direct fitness effects, preference for males with high overall fitness can spread via a genetic correlation that develops between preference alleles and high fitness genotypes. Here we develop a quantitative expression for the force of indirect selection that (i) applies to any female mating behavior, (ii) is relatively insensitive to the underlying genetics, and (iii) is based on measurable quantities. In conjunction with the limited data now available, it suggests that the evolutionary force generated by indirect selection on preferences is weak in absolute terms. This finding raises the possibility that direct selection on preference genes may often be more important than indirect selection, but more data on the quantities identified by our model and on direct selection are needed to decide the question."}],"title":"The strength of indirect selection on female mating preferences","publication":"PNAS","pmid":1,"oa":1,"_id":"3632","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","article_type":"original","issue":"4","volume":94,"date_created":"2018-12-11T12:04:21Z","month":"02","status":"public","intvolume":"        94","publist_id":"2751"},{"page":"7238 - 7242","date_published":"1989-09-01T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"pmid":["2550937 "]},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0027-8424"],"eissn":["1091-6490"]},"user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"01","type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2022-02-14T16:12:33Z","oa_version":"Published Version","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1073/pnas.86.18.7238","acknowledgement":"We thank Drs. C. Baumann, D. Siemen, and W. Stuhmer for reading the manuscript and Dr. F. Dreyer for the generous gift of DTX. The study was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.","issue":"18","volume":86,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","article_type":"original","publist_id":"2921","intvolume":"        86","status":"public","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:03:28Z","month":"09","author":[{"first_name":"Peter M","last_name":"Jonas","full_name":"Jonas, Peter M","orcid":"0000-0001-5001-4804","id":"353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Bräu, Michael","first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Bräu"},{"last_name":"Hermsteiner","first_name":"Markus","full_name":"Hermsteiner, Markus"},{"first_name":"Werner","last_name":"Vogel","full_name":"Vogel, Werner"}],"quality_controlled":"1","extern":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC298032/?tool=pubmed","open_access":"1"}],"citation":{"ama":"Jonas PM, Bräu M, Hermsteiner M, Vogel W. Single-channel recording in myelinated nerve fibers reveals one type of Na channel but different K channels. <i>PNAS</i>. 1989;86(18):7238-7242. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.18.7238\">10.1073/pnas.86.18.7238</a>","ieee":"P. M. Jonas, M. Bräu, M. Hermsteiner, and W. Vogel, “Single-channel recording in myelinated nerve fibers reveals one type of Na channel but different K channels,” <i>PNAS</i>, vol. 86, no. 18. National Academy of Sciences, pp. 7238–7242, 1989.","short":"P.M. Jonas, M. Bräu, M. Hermsteiner, W. Vogel, PNAS 86 (1989) 7238–7242.","chicago":"Jonas, Peter M, Michael Bräu, Markus Hermsteiner, and Werner Vogel. “Single-Channel Recording in Myelinated Nerve Fibers Reveals One Type of Na Channel but Different K Channels.” <i>PNAS</i>. National Academy of Sciences, 1989. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.18.7238\">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.18.7238</a>.","ista":"Jonas PM, Bräu M, Hermsteiner M, Vogel W. 1989. Single-channel recording in myelinated nerve fibers reveals one type of Na channel but different K channels. PNAS. 86(18), 7238–7242.","apa":"Jonas, P. M., Bräu, M., Hermsteiner, M., &#38; Vogel, W. (1989). Single-channel recording in myelinated nerve fibers reveals one type of Na channel but different K channels. <i>PNAS</i>. National Academy of Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.18.7238\">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.18.7238</a>","mla":"Jonas, Peter M., et al. “Single-Channel Recording in Myelinated Nerve Fibers Reveals One Type of Na Channel but Different K Channels.” <i>PNAS</i>, vol. 86, no. 18, National Academy of Sciences, 1989, pp. 7238–42, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.18.7238\">10.1073/pnas.86.18.7238</a>."},"year":"1989","oa":1,"_id":"3466","title":"Single-channel recording in myelinated nerve fibers reveals one type of Na channel but different K channels","publication":"PNAS","pmid":1,"publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Amphibian myelinated nerve fibers were treated with collagenase and protease. Axons with retraction of the myelin sheath were patch-clamped in the nodal and paranodal region. One type of Na channel was found. It has a single-channel conductance of 11 pS (15 degrees C) and is blocked by tetrodotoxin. Averaged events show the typical activation and inactivation kinetics of macroscopic Na current. Three potential-dependent K channels were identified (I, F, and S channel). The I channel, being the most frequent type, has a single-channel conductance of 23 pS (inward current, 105 mM K on both sides of the membrane), activates between -60 and -30 mV, deactivates with intermediate kinetics, and is sensitive to dendrotoxin. The F channel has a conductance of 30 pS, activates between -40 and 60 mV, and deactivates with fast kinetics. The former inactivates within tens of seconds; the latter inactivates within seconds. The third type, the S channel, has a conductance of 7 pS and deactivates slowly. All three channels can be blocked by external tetraethylammonium chloride. We suggest that these distinct K channel types form the basis for the different components of macroscopic K current described previously."}]}]