[{"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.111"}],"title":"Using climate reanalysis data in conjunction with multi-temporal satellite thermal imagery to derive supraglacial debris thickness changes from energy-balance modelling","year":"2021","doi":"10.1017/jog.2020.111","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","extern":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1727-5652"],"issn":["0022-1430"]},"_id":"12587","article_processing_charge":"No","date_updated":"2023-02-28T13:07:11Z","volume":67,"oa":1,"author":[{"last_name":"Stewart","full_name":"Stewart, Rebecca L.","first_name":"Rebecca L."},{"first_name":"Matthew","full_name":"Westoby, Matthew","last_name":"Westoby"},{"first_name":"Francesca","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70"},{"first_name":"Ann","full_name":"Rowan, Ann","last_name":"Rowan"},{"last_name":"Swift","full_name":"Swift, Darrel","first_name":"Darrel"},{"first_name":"Benjamin","last_name":"Brock","full_name":"Brock, Benjamin"},{"full_name":"Woodward, John","last_name":"Woodward","first_name":"John"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Surface energy-balance models are commonly used in conjunction with satellite thermal imagery to estimate supraglacial debris thickness. Removing the need for local meteorological data in the debris thickness estimation workflow could improve the versatility and spatiotemporal application of debris thickness estimation. We evaluate the use of regional reanalysis data to derive debris thickness for two mountain glaciers using a surface energy-balance model. Results forced using ERA-5 agree with AWS-derived estimates to within 0.01 ± 0.05 m for Miage Glacier, Italy, and 0.01 ± 0.02 m for Khumbu Glacier, Nepal. ERA-5 data were then used to estimate spatiotemporal changes in debris thickness over a ~20-year period for Miage Glacier, Khumbu Glacier and Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland. We observe significant increases in debris thickness at the terminus for Haut Glacier d'Arolla and at the margins of the expanding debris cover at all glaciers. While simulated debris thickness was underestimated compared to point measurements in areas of thick debris, our approach can reconstruct glacier-scale debris thickness distribution and its temporal evolution over multiple decades. We find significant changes in debris thickness over areas of thin debris, areas susceptible to high ablation rates, where current knowledge of debris evolution is limited."}],"citation":{"chicago":"Stewart, Rebecca L., Matthew Westoby, Francesca Pellicciotti, Ann Rowan, Darrel Swift, Benjamin Brock, and John Woodward. “Using Climate Reanalysis Data in Conjunction with Multi-Temporal Satellite Thermal Imagery to Derive Supraglacial Debris Thickness Changes from Energy-Balance Modelling.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.111\">https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.111</a>.","apa":"Stewart, R. L., Westoby, M., Pellicciotti, F., Rowan, A., Swift, D., Brock, B., &#38; Woodward, J. (2021). Using climate reanalysis data in conjunction with multi-temporal satellite thermal imagery to derive supraglacial debris thickness changes from energy-balance modelling. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.111\">https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.111</a>","ieee":"R. L. Stewart <i>et al.</i>, “Using climate reanalysis data in conjunction with multi-temporal satellite thermal imagery to derive supraglacial debris thickness changes from energy-balance modelling,” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 67, no. 262. Cambridge University Press, pp. 366–384, 2021.","ista":"Stewart RL, Westoby M, Pellicciotti F, Rowan A, Swift D, Brock B, Woodward J. 2021. Using climate reanalysis data in conjunction with multi-temporal satellite thermal imagery to derive supraglacial debris thickness changes from energy-balance modelling. Journal of Glaciology. 67(262), 366–384.","short":"R.L. Stewart, M. Westoby, F. Pellicciotti, A. Rowan, D. Swift, B. Brock, J. Woodward, Journal of Glaciology 67 (2021) 366–384.","mla":"Stewart, Rebecca L., et al. “Using Climate Reanalysis Data in Conjunction with Multi-Temporal Satellite Thermal Imagery to Derive Supraglacial Debris Thickness Changes from Energy-Balance Modelling.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 67, no. 262, Cambridge University Press, 2021, pp. 366–84, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.111\">10.1017/jog.2020.111</a>.","ama":"Stewart RL, Westoby M, Pellicciotti F, et al. Using climate reanalysis data in conjunction with multi-temporal satellite thermal imagery to derive supraglacial debris thickness changes from energy-balance modelling. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. 2021;67(262):366-384. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.111\">10.1017/jog.2020.111</a>"},"publication_status":"published","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:11:42Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","date_published":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","month":"04","page":"366-384","publication":"Journal of Glaciology","issue":"262","status":"public","intvolume":"        67","type":"journal_article","day":"01"},{"article_processing_charge":"No","date_updated":"2023-02-28T12:28:45Z","volume":66,"oa":1,"oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1727-5652"],"issn":["0022-1430"]},"extern":"1","_id":"12597","citation":{"ama":"Troxler P, Ayala Á, Shaw TE, Nolan M, Brock BW, Pellicciotti F. Modelling spatial patterns of near-surface air temperature over a decade of melt seasons on McCall Glacier, Alaska. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. 2020;66(257):386-400. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.12\">10.1017/jog.2020.12</a>","mla":"Troxler, Patrick, et al. “Modelling Spatial Patterns of Near-Surface Air Temperature over a Decade of Melt Seasons on McCall Glacier, Alaska.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 66, no. 257, Cambridge University Press, 2020, pp. 386–400, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.12\">10.1017/jog.2020.12</a>.","ista":"Troxler P, Ayala Á, Shaw TE, Nolan M, Brock BW, Pellicciotti F. 2020. Modelling spatial patterns of near-surface air temperature over a decade of melt seasons on McCall Glacier, Alaska. Journal of Glaciology. 66(257), 386–400.","short":"P. Troxler, Á. Ayala, T.E. Shaw, M. Nolan, B.W. Brock, F. Pellicciotti, Journal of Glaciology 66 (2020) 386–400.","apa":"Troxler, P., Ayala, Á., Shaw, T. E., Nolan, M., Brock, B. W., &#38; Pellicciotti, F. (2020). Modelling spatial patterns of near-surface air temperature over a decade of melt seasons on McCall Glacier, Alaska. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.12\">https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.12</a>","ieee":"P. Troxler, Á. Ayala, T. E. Shaw, M. Nolan, B. W. Brock, and F. Pellicciotti, “Modelling spatial patterns of near-surface air temperature over a decade of melt seasons on McCall Glacier, Alaska,” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 66, no. 257. Cambridge University Press, pp. 386–400, 2020.","chicago":"Troxler, Patrick, Álvaro Ayala, Thomas E. Shaw, Matt Nolan, Ben W. Brock, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Modelling Spatial Patterns of Near-Surface Air Temperature over a Decade of Melt Seasons on McCall Glacier, Alaska.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.12\">https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.12</a>."},"publication_status":"published","keyword":["Earth-Surface Processes"],"author":[{"first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Troxler","full_name":"Troxler, Patrick"},{"last_name":"Ayala","full_name":"Ayala, Álvaro","first_name":"Álvaro"},{"first_name":"Thomas E.","full_name":"Shaw, Thomas E.","last_name":"Shaw"},{"full_name":"Nolan, Matt","last_name":"Nolan","first_name":"Matt"},{"first_name":"Ben W.","last_name":"Brock","full_name":"Brock, Ben W."},{"last_name":"Pellicciotti","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","first_name":"Francesca","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70"}],"abstract":[{"text":"We examine the spatial patterns of near-surface air temperature (Ta) over a melting glacier using a multi-annual dataset from McCall Glacier, Alaska. The dataset consists of a 10-year (2005–2014) meteorological record along the glacier centreline up to an upper glacier cirque, spanning an elevation difference of 900 m. We test the validity of on-glacier linear lapse rates, and a model that calculates Ta based on the influence of katabatic winds and other heat sources along the glacier flow line. During the coldest hours of each summer (10% of time), average lapse rates across the entire glacier range from −4.7 to −6.7°C km−1, with a strong relationship between Ta and elevation (R2 > 0.7). During warm conditions, Ta shows more complex, non-linear patterns that are better explained by the flow line-dependent model, reducing errors by up to 0.5°C compared with linear lapse rates, although more uncertainty might be associated with these observations due to occasionally poor sensor ventilation. We conclude that Ta spatial distribution can vary significantly from year to year, and from one glacier section to another. Importantly, extrapolations using linear lapse rates from the ablation zone might lead to large underestimations of Ta on the upper glacier areas.","lang":"eng"}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.12"}],"doi":"10.1017/jog.2020.12","year":"2020","title":"Modelling spatial patterns of near-surface air temperature over a decade of melt seasons on McCall Glacier, Alaska","page":"386-400","publication":"Journal of Glaciology","issue":"257","type":"journal_article","day":"01","status":"public","intvolume":"        66","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:12:42Z","date_published":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","month":"06","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1","publisher":"Cambridge University Press"},{"author":[{"first_name":"JAKOB F.","last_name":"STEINER","full_name":"STEINER, JAKOB F."},{"first_name":"PASCAL","full_name":"BURI, PASCAL","last_name":"BURI"},{"full_name":"MILES, EVAN S.","last_name":"MILES","first_name":"EVAN S."},{"last_name":"RAGETTLI","full_name":"RAGETTLI, SILVAN","first_name":"SILVAN"},{"first_name":"Francesca","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Ice cliffs and ponds on debris-covered glaciers have received increased attention due to their role in amplifying local melt. However, very few studies have looked at these features on the catchment scale to determine their patterns and changes in space and time. We have compiled a detailed inventory of cliffs and ponds in the Langtang catchment, central Himalaya, from six high-resolution satellite orthoimages and DEMs between 2006 and 2015, and a historic orthophoto from 1974. Cliffs cover between 1.4% (± 0.4%) in the dry and 3.4% (± 0.9%) in the wet seasons and ponds between 0.6% (± 0.1%) and 1.6% (± 0.3%) of the total debris-covered tongues. We find large variations between seasons, as cliffs and ponds tend to grow in the wetter monsoon period, but there is no obvious trend in total area over the study period. The inventory further shows that cliffs are predominately north-facing irrespective of the glacier flow direction. Both cliffs and ponds appear in higher densities several hundred metres from the terminus in areas where tributaries reach the main glacier tongue. On the largest glacier in the catchment ~10% of all cliffs and ponds persisted over nearly a decade.","lang":"eng"}],"citation":{"short":"J.F. STEINER, P. BURI, E.S. MILES, S. RAGETTLI, F. Pellicciotti, Journal of Glaciology 65 (2019) 617–632.","ista":"STEINER JF, BURI P, MILES ES, RAGETTLI S, Pellicciotti F. 2019. Supraglacial ice cliffs and ponds on debris-covered glaciers: Spatio-temporal distribution and characteristics. Journal of Glaciology. 65(252), 617–632.","mla":"STEINER, JAKOB F., et al. “Supraglacial Ice Cliffs and Ponds on Debris-Covered Glaciers: Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Characteristics.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 65, no. 252, Cambridge University Press, 2019, pp. 617–32, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.40\">10.1017/jog.2019.40</a>.","ama":"STEINER JF, BURI P, MILES ES, RAGETTLI S, Pellicciotti F. Supraglacial ice cliffs and ponds on debris-covered glaciers: Spatio-temporal distribution and characteristics. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. 2019;65(252):617-632. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.40\">10.1017/jog.2019.40</a>","chicago":"STEINER, JAKOB F., PASCAL BURI, EVAN S. MILES, SILVAN RAGETTLI, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Supraglacial Ice Cliffs and Ponds on Debris-Covered Glaciers: Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Characteristics.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2019. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.40\">https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.40</a>.","apa":"STEINER, J. F., BURI, P., MILES, E. S., RAGETTLI, S., &#38; Pellicciotti, F. (2019). Supraglacial ice cliffs and ponds on debris-covered glaciers: Spatio-temporal distribution and characteristics. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.40\">https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.40</a>","ieee":"J. F. STEINER, P. BURI, E. S. MILES, S. RAGETTLI, and F. Pellicciotti, “Supraglacial ice cliffs and ponds on debris-covered glaciers: Spatio-temporal distribution and characteristics,” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 65, no. 252. Cambridge University Press, pp. 617–632, 2019."},"publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","extern":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0022-1430"],"eissn":["1727-5652"]},"_id":"12601","article_processing_charge":"No","volume":65,"date_updated":"2023-02-28T12:11:07Z","oa":1,"title":"Supraglacial ice cliffs and ponds on debris-covered glaciers: Spatio-temporal distribution and characteristics","doi":"10.1017/jog.2019.40","year":"2019","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.40","open_access":"1"}],"status":"public","intvolume":"        65","type":"journal_article","day":"01","page":"617-632","publication":"Journal of Glaciology","issue":"252","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","article_type":"original","date_published":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","month":"08","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:13:03Z"},{"date_published":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","month":"12","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"Cambridge University Press","scopus_import":"1","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:13:47Z","type":"journal_article","day":"01","status":"public","intvolume":"        63","page":"973-988","issue":"242","publication":"Journal of Glaciology","doi":"10.1017/jog.2017.65","year":"2017","title":"Centreline and cross-glacier air temperature variability on an Alpine glacier: Assessing temperature distribution methods and their influence on melt model calculations","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.65"}],"publication_status":"published","citation":{"apa":"SHAW, T. E., BROCK, B. W., AYALA, Á., RUTTER, N., &#38; Pellicciotti, F. (2017). Centreline and cross-glacier air temperature variability on an Alpine glacier: Assessing temperature distribution methods and their influence on melt model calculations. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.65\">https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.65</a>","ieee":"T. E. SHAW, B. W. BROCK, Á. AYALA, N. RUTTER, and F. Pellicciotti, “Centreline and cross-glacier air temperature variability on an Alpine glacier: Assessing temperature distribution methods and their influence on melt model calculations,” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 63, no. 242. Cambridge University Press, pp. 973–988, 2017.","chicago":"SHAW, THOMAS E., BEN W. BROCK, ÁLVARO AYALA, NICK RUTTER, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Centreline and Cross-Glacier Air Temperature Variability on an Alpine Glacier: Assessing Temperature Distribution Methods and Their Influence on Melt Model Calculations.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.65\">https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.65</a>.","ama":"SHAW TE, BROCK BW, AYALA Á, RUTTER N, Pellicciotti F. Centreline and cross-glacier air temperature variability on an Alpine glacier: Assessing temperature distribution methods and their influence on melt model calculations. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. 2017;63(242):973-988. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.65\">10.1017/jog.2017.65</a>","mla":"SHAW, THOMAS E., et al. “Centreline and Cross-Glacier Air Temperature Variability on an Alpine Glacier: Assessing Temperature Distribution Methods and Their Influence on Melt Model Calculations.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 63, no. 242, Cambridge University Press, 2017, pp. 973–88, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.65\">10.1017/jog.2017.65</a>.","short":"T.E. SHAW, B.W. BROCK, Á. AYALA, N. RUTTER, F. Pellicciotti, Journal of Glaciology 63 (2017) 973–988.","ista":"SHAW TE, BROCK BW, AYALA Á, RUTTER N, Pellicciotti F. 2017. Centreline and cross-glacier air temperature variability on an Alpine glacier: Assessing temperature distribution methods and their influence on melt model calculations. Journal of Glaciology. 63(242), 973–988."},"author":[{"first_name":"THOMAS E.","full_name":"SHAW, THOMAS E.","last_name":"SHAW"},{"last_name":"BROCK","full_name":"BROCK, BEN W.","first_name":"BEN W."},{"full_name":"AYALA, ÁLVARO","last_name":"AYALA","first_name":"ÁLVARO"},{"first_name":"NICK","last_name":"RUTTER","full_name":"RUTTER, NICK"},{"first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70"}],"keyword":["Earth-Surface Processes"],"abstract":[{"text":"The spatio-temporal distribution of air temperature over mountain glaciers can demonstrate complex patterns, yet it is often represented simplistically using linear vertical temperature gradients (VTGs) extrapolated from off-glacier locations. We analyse a network of centreline and lateral air temperature observations at Tsanteleina Glacier, Italy, during summer 2015. On average, VTGs are steep (&lt;−0.0065 °C m<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>), but they are shallow under warm ambient conditions when the correlation between air temperature and elevation becomes weaker. Published along-flowline temperature distribution methods explain centreline observations well, including warming on the lower glacier tongue, but cannot estimate lateral temperature variability. Application of temperature distribution methods improves simulation of melt rates (RMSE) in an energy-balance model by up to 36% compared to the environmental lapse rate extrapolated from an off-glacier station. However, results suggest that model parameters are not easily transferable to glaciers with a small fetch without recalibration. Such methods have potential to improve estimates of temperature across a glacier, but their parameter transferability should be further linked to the glacier and atmospheric characteristics. Furthermore, ‘cold spots’, which can be &gt;2°C cooler than expected for their elevation, whose occurrence is not predicted by the temperature distribution models, are identified at one-quarter of the measurement sites.","lang":"eng"}],"oa":1,"date_updated":"2023-02-28T11:30:34Z","volume":63,"article_processing_charge":"No","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","_id":"12608","extern":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1727-5652"],"issn":["0022-1430"]}},{"page":"803-822","publication":"Journal of Glaciology","issue":"241","status":"public","intvolume":"        63","type":"journal_article","day":"01","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:13:53Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","date_published":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","month":"10","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","extern":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1727-5652"],"issn":["0022-1430"]},"_id":"12609","article_processing_charge":"No","volume":63,"date_updated":"2023-02-28T11:28:19Z","oa":1,"author":[{"first_name":"A.","last_name":"AYALA","full_name":"AYALA, A."},{"full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti","first_name":"Francesca","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70"},{"first_name":"N.","full_name":"PELEG, N.","last_name":"PELEG"},{"first_name":"P.","last_name":"BURLANDO","full_name":"BURLANDO, P."}],"keyword":["Earth-Surface Processes"],"abstract":[{"text":"Previous estimates of melt and surface sublimation on glaciers of the subtropical semiarid Andes (29–34°S) have been obtained at few specific locations, but it is not clear how ablation components vary across the entire extent of a glacier in this dry environment. Here, we simulate the distributed energy and mass balance of Juncal Norte Glacier (33°S) during a 2-month summer period. Forcing fields of near-surface air temperature and wind speed are generated using two methods accounting for the main physical processes that shape their spatial variations. Simulated meteorological variables and ablation agree well with observations on the glacier tongue and reveal complex patterns of energy and mass fluxes. Ablation decreases from 70 mm w.e. d<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> at the low-albedo glacier terminus (~3000 m), where almost 100% of total ablation corresponds to melt, to &lt;5 mm w.e. d<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> at wind-exposed, strong-radiated sites above 5500 m, where surface sublimation represents &gt;75% of total ablation. Our simulations provide the first glacier-scale estimates of ablation components on a glacier in the study region and better reproduce the observed and expected spatial variations of melt and surface sublimation, in comparison with more simple assumptions, such as linear gradients and uniform wind speeds.","lang":"eng"}],"citation":{"ista":"AYALA A, Pellicciotti F, PELEG N, BURLANDO P. 2017. Melt and surface sublimation across a glacier in a dry environment: distributed energy-balance modelling of Juncal Norte Glacier, Chile. Journal of Glaciology. 63(241), 803–822.","short":"A. AYALA, F. Pellicciotti, N. PELEG, P. BURLANDO, Journal of Glaciology 63 (2017) 803–822.","ama":"AYALA A, Pellicciotti F, PELEG N, BURLANDO P. Melt and surface sublimation across a glacier in a dry environment: distributed energy-balance modelling of Juncal Norte Glacier, Chile. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. 2017;63(241):803-822. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.46\">10.1017/jog.2017.46</a>","mla":"AYALA, A., et al. “Melt and Surface Sublimation across a Glacier in a Dry Environment: Distributed Energy-Balance Modelling of Juncal Norte Glacier, Chile.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 63, no. 241, Cambridge University Press, 2017, pp. 803–22, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.46\">10.1017/jog.2017.46</a>.","chicago":"AYALA, A., Francesca Pellicciotti, N. PELEG, and P. BURLANDO. “Melt and Surface Sublimation across a Glacier in a Dry Environment: Distributed Energy-Balance Modelling of Juncal Norte Glacier, Chile.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.46\">https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.46</a>.","apa":"AYALA, A., Pellicciotti, F., PELEG, N., &#38; BURLANDO, P. (2017). Melt and surface sublimation across a glacier in a dry environment: distributed energy-balance modelling of Juncal Norte Glacier, Chile. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.46\">https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.46</a>","ieee":"A. AYALA, F. Pellicciotti, N. PELEG, and P. BURLANDO, “Melt and surface sublimation across a glacier in a dry environment: distributed energy-balance modelling of Juncal Norte Glacier, Chile,” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 63, no. 241. Cambridge University Press, pp. 803–822, 2017."},"publication_status":"published","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.46"}],"title":"Melt and surface sublimation across a glacier in a dry environment: distributed energy-balance modelling of Juncal Norte Glacier, Chile","year":"2017","doi":"10.1017/jog.2017.46"},{"issue":"237","publication":"Journal of Glaciology","page":"88-105","intvolume":"        63","status":"public","day":"01","type":"journal_article","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:14:16Z","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","scopus_import":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"02","article_type":"original","date_published":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","_id":"12612","extern":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1727-5652"],"issn":["0022-1430"]},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","date_updated":"2023-02-24T11:38:31Z","volume":63,"oa":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","abstract":[{"text":"Supraglacial ponds play a key role in absorbing atmospheric energy and directing it to the ice of debris-covered glaciers, but the spatial and temporal distribution of these features is not well documented. We analyse 172 Landsat TM/ETM+ scenes for the period 1999–2013 to identify thawed supraglacial ponds for the debris-covered tongues of five glaciers in the Langtang Valley of Nepal. We apply an advanced atmospheric correction routine (Landcor/6S) and use band ratio and image morphological techniques to identify ponds and validate our results with 2.5 m Cartosat-1 observations. We then characterize the spatial, seasonal and interannual patterns of ponds. We find high variability in pond incidence between glaciers (May–October means of 0.08–1.69% of debris area), with ponds most frequent in zones of low surface gradient and velocity. The ponds show pronounced seasonality, appearing in the pre-monsoon as snow melts, peaking at the monsoon onset at 2% of debris-covered area, then declining in the post-monsoon as ponds drain or freeze. Ponds are highly recurrent and persistent, with 40.5% of pond locations occurring for multiple years. Rather than a trend in pond cover over the study period, we find high interannual variability for each glacier after controlling for seasonality.","lang":"eng"}],"keyword":["Earth-Surface Processes"],"author":[{"full_name":"MILES, EVAN S.","last_name":"MILES","first_name":"EVAN S."},{"full_name":"WILLIS, IAN C.","last_name":"WILLIS","first_name":"IAN C."},{"last_name":"ARNOLD","full_name":"ARNOLD, NEIL S.","first_name":"NEIL S."},{"last_name":"STEINER","full_name":"STEINER, JAKOB","first_name":"JAKOB"},{"id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca"}],"publication_status":"published","citation":{"ieee":"E. S. MILES, I. C. WILLIS, N. S. ARNOLD, J. STEINER, and F. Pellicciotti, “Spatial, seasonal and interannual variability of supraglacial ponds in the Langtang Valley of Nepal, 1999–2013,” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 63, no. 237. Cambridge University Press, pp. 88–105, 2017.","apa":"MILES, E. S., WILLIS, I. C., ARNOLD, N. S., STEINER, J., &#38; Pellicciotti, F. (2017). Spatial, seasonal and interannual variability of supraglacial ponds in the Langtang Valley of Nepal, 1999–2013. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.120\">https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.120</a>","chicago":"MILES, EVAN S., IAN C. WILLIS, NEIL S. ARNOLD, JAKOB STEINER, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Spatial, Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Supraglacial Ponds in the Langtang Valley of Nepal, 1999–2013.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.120\">https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.120</a>.","ama":"MILES ES, WILLIS IC, ARNOLD NS, STEINER J, Pellicciotti F. Spatial, seasonal and interannual variability of supraglacial ponds in the Langtang Valley of Nepal, 1999–2013. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. 2017;63(237):88-105. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.120\">10.1017/jog.2016.120</a>","mla":"MILES, EVAN S., et al. “Spatial, Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Supraglacial Ponds in the Langtang Valley of Nepal, 1999–2013.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 63, no. 237, Cambridge University Press, 2017, pp. 88–105, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.120\">10.1017/jog.2016.120</a>.","short":"E.S. MILES, I.C. WILLIS, N.S. ARNOLD, J. STEINER, F. Pellicciotti, Journal of Glaciology 63 (2017) 88–105.","ista":"MILES ES, WILLIS IC, ARNOLD NS, STEINER J, Pellicciotti F. 2017. Spatial, seasonal and interannual variability of supraglacial ponds in the Langtang Valley of Nepal, 1999–2013. Journal of Glaciology. 63(237), 88–105."},"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.120"}],"title":"Spatial, seasonal and interannual variability of supraglacial ponds in the Langtang Valley of Nepal, 1999–2013","doi":"10.1017/jog.2016.120","year":"2017"},{"date_created":"2023-02-20T08:15:06Z","month":"08","date_published":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","scopus_import":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"234","publication":"Journal of Glaciology","page":"684-695","day":"01","type":"journal_article","intvolume":"        62","status":"public","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.54","open_access":"1"}],"year":"2016","doi":"10.1017/jog.2016.54","title":"Quantifying volume loss from ice cliffs on debris-covered glaciers using high-resolution terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry","date_updated":"2023-02-24T10:36:55Z","oa":1,"volume":62,"article_processing_charge":"No","_id":"12619","extern":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0022-1430"],"eissn":["1727-5652"]},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","publication_status":"published","citation":{"chicago":"BRUN, FANNY, PASCAL BURI, EVAN S. MILES, PATRICK WAGNON, JAKOB STEINER, ETIENNE BERTHIER, SILVAN RAGETTLI, PHILIP KRAAIJENBRINK, WALTER W. IMMERZEEL, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Quantifying Volume Loss from Ice Cliffs on Debris-Covered Glaciers Using High-Resolution Terrestrial and Aerial Photogrammetry.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.54\">https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.54</a>.","ieee":"F. BRUN <i>et al.</i>, “Quantifying volume loss from ice cliffs on debris-covered glaciers using high-resolution terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry,” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 62, no. 234. Cambridge University Press, pp. 684–695, 2016.","apa":"BRUN, F., BURI, P., MILES, E. S., WAGNON, P., STEINER, J., BERTHIER, E., … Pellicciotti, F. (2016). Quantifying volume loss from ice cliffs on debris-covered glaciers using high-resolution terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.54\">https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.54</a>","short":"F. BRUN, P. BURI, E.S. MILES, P. WAGNON, J. STEINER, E. BERTHIER, S. RAGETTLI, P. KRAAIJENBRINK, W.W. IMMERZEEL, F. Pellicciotti, Journal of Glaciology 62 (2016) 684–695.","ista":"BRUN F, BURI P, MILES ES, WAGNON P, STEINER J, BERTHIER E, RAGETTLI S, KRAAIJENBRINK P, IMMERZEEL WW, Pellicciotti F. 2016. Quantifying volume loss from ice cliffs on debris-covered glaciers using high-resolution terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry. Journal of Glaciology. 62(234), 684–695.","mla":"BRUN, FANNY, et al. “Quantifying Volume Loss from Ice Cliffs on Debris-Covered Glaciers Using High-Resolution Terrestrial and Aerial Photogrammetry.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 62, no. 234, Cambridge University Press, 2016, pp. 684–95, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.54\">10.1017/jog.2016.54</a>.","ama":"BRUN F, BURI P, MILES ES, et al. Quantifying volume loss from ice cliffs on debris-covered glaciers using high-resolution terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. 2016;62(234):684-695. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.54\">10.1017/jog.2016.54</a>"},"abstract":[{"text":"Mass losses originating from supraglacial ice cliffs at the lower tongues of debris-covered glaciers are a potentially large component of the mass balance, but have rarely been quantified. In this study, we develop a method to estimate ice cliff volume losses based on high-resolution topographic data derived from terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry. We apply our method to six cliffs monitored in May and October 2013 and 2014 using four different topographic datasets collected over the debris-covered Lirung Glacier of the Nepalese Himalayas. During the monsoon, the cliff mean backwasting rate was relatively consistent in 2013 (3.8 ± 0.3 cm w.e. d<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) and more heterogeneous among cliffs in 2014 (3.1 ± 0.7 cm w.e. d<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>), and the geometric variations between cliffs are larger. Their mean backwasting rate is significantly lower in winter (October 2013–May 2014), at 1.0 ± 0.3 cm w.e. d<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. These results are consistent with estimates of cliff ablation from an energy-balance model developed in a previous study. The ice cliffs lose mass at rates six times higher than estimates of glacier-wide melt under debris, which seems to confirm that ice cliffs provide a large contribution to total glacier melt.","lang":"eng"}],"author":[{"first_name":"FANNY","last_name":"BRUN","full_name":"BRUN, FANNY"},{"full_name":"BURI, PASCAL","last_name":"BURI","first_name":"PASCAL"},{"last_name":"MILES","full_name":"MILES, EVAN S.","first_name":"EVAN S."},{"last_name":"WAGNON","full_name":"WAGNON, PATRICK","first_name":"PATRICK"},{"last_name":"STEINER","full_name":"STEINER, JAKOB","first_name":"JAKOB"},{"full_name":"BERTHIER, ETIENNE","last_name":"BERTHIER","first_name":"ETIENNE"},{"last_name":"RAGETTLI","full_name":"RAGETTLI, SILVAN","first_name":"SILVAN"},{"last_name":"KRAAIJENBRINK","full_name":"KRAAIJENBRINK, PHILIP","first_name":"PHILIP"},{"full_name":"IMMERZEEL, WALTER W.","last_name":"IMMERZEEL","first_name":"WALTER W."},{"id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","last_name":"Pellicciotti","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","first_name":"Francesca"}],"keyword":["Earth-Surface Processes"]},{"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Published Version","_id":"12621","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1727-5652"],"issn":["0022-1430"]},"extern":"1","volume":62,"oa":1,"date_updated":"2023-02-24T10:30:03Z","article_processing_charge":"No","author":[{"last_name":"SHAW","full_name":"SHAW, THOMAS E.","first_name":"THOMAS E."},{"first_name":"BEN W.","last_name":"BROCK","full_name":"BROCK, BEN W."},{"last_name":"FYFFE","full_name":"FYFFE, CATRIONA L.","first_name":"CATRIONA L."},{"first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70"},{"first_name":"NICK","full_name":"RUTTER, NICK","last_name":"RUTTER"},{"first_name":"FABRIZIO","last_name":"DIOTRI","full_name":"DIOTRI, FABRIZIO"}],"keyword":["Earth-Surface Processes"],"abstract":[{"text":"Near-surface air temperature is an important determinant of the surface energy balance of glaciers and is often represented by a constant linear temperature gradients (TGs) in models. Spatio-temporal variability in 2 m air temperature was measured across the debris-covered Miage Glacier, Italy, over an 89 d period during the 2014 ablation season using a network of 19 stations. Air temperature was found to be strongly dependent upon elevation for most stations, even under varying meteorological conditions and at different times of day, and its spatial variability was well explained by a locally derived mean linear TG (MG–TG) of −0.0088°C m−1. However, local temperature depressions occurred over areas of very thin or patchy debris cover. The MG–TG, together with other air TGs, extrapolated from both on- and off-glacier sites, were applied in a distributed energy-balance model. Compared with piecewise air temperature extrapolation from all on-glacier stations, modelled ablation, using the MG–TG, increased by <1%, increasing to >4% using the environmental ‘lapse rate’. Ice melt under thick debris was relatively insensitive to air temperature, while the effects of different temperature extrapolation methods were strongest at high elevation sites of thin and patchy debris cover.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","citation":{"chicago":"SHAW, THOMAS E., BEN W. BROCK, CATRIONA L. FYFFE, Francesca Pellicciotti, NICK RUTTER, and FABRIZIO DIOTRI. “Air Temperature Distribution and Energy-Balance Modelling of a Debris-Covered Glacier.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.31\">https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.31</a>.","apa":"SHAW, T. E., BROCK, B. W., FYFFE, C. L., Pellicciotti, F., RUTTER, N., &#38; DIOTRI, F. (2016). Air temperature distribution and energy-balance modelling of a debris-covered glacier. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.31\">https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.31</a>","ieee":"T. E. SHAW, B. W. BROCK, C. L. FYFFE, F. Pellicciotti, N. RUTTER, and F. DIOTRI, “Air temperature distribution and energy-balance modelling of a debris-covered glacier,” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 62, no. 231. Cambridge University Press, pp. 185–198, 2016.","short":"T.E. SHAW, B.W. BROCK, C.L. FYFFE, F. Pellicciotti, N. RUTTER, F. DIOTRI, Journal of Glaciology 62 (2016) 185–198.","ista":"SHAW TE, BROCK BW, FYFFE CL, Pellicciotti F, RUTTER N, DIOTRI F. 2016. Air temperature distribution and energy-balance modelling of a debris-covered glacier. Journal of Glaciology. 62(231), 185–198.","ama":"SHAW TE, BROCK BW, FYFFE CL, Pellicciotti F, RUTTER N, DIOTRI F. Air temperature distribution and energy-balance modelling of a debris-covered glacier. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. 2016;62(231):185-198. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.31\">10.1017/jog.2016.31</a>","mla":"SHAW, THOMAS E., et al. “Air Temperature Distribution and Energy-Balance Modelling of a Debris-Covered Glacier.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 62, no. 231, Cambridge University Press, 2016, pp. 185–98, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.31\">10.1017/jog.2016.31</a>."},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.31","open_access":"1"}],"title":"Air temperature distribution and energy-balance modelling of a debris-covered glacier","doi":"10.1017/jog.2016.31","year":"2016","page":"185-198","issue":"231","publication":"Journal of Glaciology","status":"public","intvolume":"        62","type":"journal_article","day":"01","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:15:17Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"Cambridge University Press","scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","date_published":"2016-02-01T00:00:00Z","month":"02"},{"date_created":"2023-02-20T08:16:01Z","publisher":"International Glaciological Society","scopus_import":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"07","date_published":"2015-07-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","issue":"229","publication":"Journal of Glaciology","page":"889-907","intvolume":"        61","status":"public","day":"01","type":"journal_article","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/2015JoG14J194"}],"title":"Modelling ice-cliff backwasting on a debris-covered glacier in the Nepalese Himalaya","year":"2015","doi":"10.3189/2015jog14j194","_id":"12626","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0022-1430"],"eissn":["1727-5652"]},"extern":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","oa":1,"volume":61,"date_updated":"2023-02-24T09:43:14Z","article_processing_charge":"No","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Ice cliffs have been identified as a reason for higher ablation rates on debris-covered glaciers than are implied by the insulation effects of the debris. This study aims to improve our understanding of cliff backwasting, and the role of radiative fluxes in particular. An energy-balance model is forced with new data gathered in May and October 2013 on Lirung Glacier, Nepalese Himalaya. Observations show substantial variability in melt between cliffs, between locations on any cliff and between seasons. Using a high-resolution digital elevation model we calculate longwave fluxes incident to the cliff from surrounding terrain and include the effect of local shading on shortwave radiation. This is an advance over previous studies, that made simplified assumptions on cliff geometry and radiative fluxes. Measured melt rates varied between 3.25 and 8.6 cm d−1 in May and 0.18 and 1.34 cm d−1 in October. Model results reproduce the strong variability in space and time, suggesting considerable differences in radiative fluxes over one cliff. In October the model fails to reproduce stake readings, probably due to the lack of a refreezing component. Disregarding local topography can lead to overestimation of melt at the point scale by up to ∼9%."}],"author":[{"first_name":"Jakob F.","full_name":"Steiner, Jakob F.","last_name":"Steiner"},{"full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti","first_name":"Francesca","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70"},{"last_name":"Buri","full_name":"Buri, Pascal","first_name":"Pascal"},{"full_name":"Miles, Evan S.","last_name":"Miles","first_name":"Evan S."},{"full_name":"Immerzeel, Walter W.","last_name":"Immerzeel","first_name":"Walter W."},{"first_name":"Tim D.","full_name":"Reid, Tim D.","last_name":"Reid"}],"publication_status":"published","citation":{"short":"J.F. Steiner, F. Pellicciotti, P. Buri, E.S. Miles, W.W. Immerzeel, T.D. Reid, Journal of Glaciology 61 (2015) 889–907.","ista":"Steiner JF, Pellicciotti F, Buri P, Miles ES, Immerzeel WW, Reid TD. 2015. Modelling ice-cliff backwasting on a debris-covered glacier in the Nepalese Himalaya. Journal of Glaciology. 61(229), 889–907.","ama":"Steiner JF, Pellicciotti F, Buri P, Miles ES, Immerzeel WW, Reid TD. Modelling ice-cliff backwasting on a debris-covered glacier in the Nepalese Himalaya. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. 2015;61(229):889-907. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2015jog14j194\">10.3189/2015jog14j194</a>","mla":"Steiner, Jakob F., et al. “Modelling Ice-Cliff Backwasting on a Debris-Covered Glacier in the Nepalese Himalaya.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 61, no. 229, International Glaciological Society, 2015, pp. 889–907, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2015jog14j194\">10.3189/2015jog14j194</a>.","chicago":"Steiner, Jakob F., Francesca Pellicciotti, Pascal Buri, Evan S. Miles, Walter W. Immerzeel, and Tim D. Reid. “Modelling Ice-Cliff Backwasting on a Debris-Covered Glacier in the Nepalese Himalaya.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. International Glaciological Society, 2015. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2015jog14j194\">https://doi.org/10.3189/2015jog14j194</a>.","ieee":"J. F. Steiner, F. Pellicciotti, P. Buri, E. S. Miles, W. W. Immerzeel, and T. D. Reid, “Modelling ice-cliff backwasting on a debris-covered glacier in the Nepalese Himalaya,” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 61, no. 229. International Glaciological Society, pp. 889–907, 2015.","apa":"Steiner, J. F., Pellicciotti, F., Buri, P., Miles, E. S., Immerzeel, W. W., &#38; Reid, T. D. (2015). Modelling ice-cliff backwasting on a debris-covered glacier in the Nepalese Himalaya. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. International Glaciological Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2015jog14j194\">https://doi.org/10.3189/2015jog14j194</a>"}},{"title":"Satellite observations show no net change in the percentage of supraglacial debris-covered area in northern Pakistan from 1977 to 2014","doi":"10.3189/2015jog14j227","year":"2015","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/2015JoG14J227","open_access":"1"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Sam","last_name":"Herreid","full_name":"Herreid, Sam"},{"id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca"},{"first_name":"Alvaro","last_name":"Ayala","full_name":"Ayala, Alvaro"},{"first_name":"Anna","full_name":"Chesnokova, Anna","last_name":"Chesnokova"},{"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Kienholz","full_name":"Kienholz, Christian"},{"last_name":"Shea","full_name":"Shea, Joseph","first_name":"Joseph"},{"last_name":"Shrestha","full_name":"Shrestha, Arun","first_name":"Arun"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Spatial evolution of supraglacial debris cover on mountain glaciers is a largely unmonitored and poorly understood phenomenon that directly affects glacier melt. Supraglacial debris cover for 93 glaciers in the Karakoram, northern Pakistan, was mapped from Landsat imagery acquired in 1977, 1998, 2009 and 2014. Surge-type glaciers occupy 41% of the study area and were considered separately. The time series of debris-covered surface area change shows a mean value of zero or near-zero change for both surging and non-surging glaciers. An increase in debris-covered area is often associated with negative regional mass balances. We extend this logic to suggest that the stable regional mass balances in the Karakoram explain the zero or near-zero change in debris-covered area. This coupling of trends combined with our 37 year time series of data suggests the Karakoram anomaly extends further back in time than previously known.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","citation":{"ieee":"S. Herreid <i>et al.</i>, “Satellite observations show no net change in the percentage of supraglacial debris-covered area in northern Pakistan from 1977 to 2014,” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 61, no. 227. International Glaciological Society, pp. 524–536, 2015.","apa":"Herreid, S., Pellicciotti, F., Ayala, A., Chesnokova, A., Kienholz, C., Shea, J., &#38; Shrestha, A. (2015). Satellite observations show no net change in the percentage of supraglacial debris-covered area in northern Pakistan from 1977 to 2014. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. International Glaciological Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2015jog14j227\">https://doi.org/10.3189/2015jog14j227</a>","chicago":"Herreid, Sam, Francesca Pellicciotti, Alvaro Ayala, Anna Chesnokova, Christian Kienholz, Joseph Shea, and Arun Shrestha. “Satellite Observations Show No Net Change in the Percentage of Supraglacial Debris-Covered Area in Northern Pakistan from 1977 to 2014.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. International Glaciological Society, 2015. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2015jog14j227\">https://doi.org/10.3189/2015jog14j227</a>.","ama":"Herreid S, Pellicciotti F, Ayala A, et al. Satellite observations show no net change in the percentage of supraglacial debris-covered area in northern Pakistan from 1977 to 2014. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. 2015;61(227):524-536. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2015jog14j227\">10.3189/2015jog14j227</a>","mla":"Herreid, Sam, et al. “Satellite Observations Show No Net Change in the Percentage of Supraglacial Debris-Covered Area in Northern Pakistan from 1977 to 2014.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 61, no. 227, International Glaciological Society, 2015, pp. 524–36, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2015jog14j227\">10.3189/2015jog14j227</a>.","ista":"Herreid S, Pellicciotti F, Ayala A, Chesnokova A, Kienholz C, Shea J, Shrestha A. 2015. Satellite observations show no net change in the percentage of supraglacial debris-covered area in northern Pakistan from 1977 to 2014. Journal of Glaciology. 61(227), 524–536.","short":"S. Herreid, F. Pellicciotti, A. Ayala, A. Chesnokova, C. Kienholz, J. Shea, A. Shrestha, Journal of Glaciology 61 (2015) 524–536."},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","_id":"12627","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1727-5652"],"issn":["0022-1430"]},"extern":"1","oa":1,"date_updated":"2023-02-24T09:40:30Z","volume":61,"article_processing_charge":"No","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"International Glaciological Society","scopus_import":"1","date_published":"2015-05-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","month":"05","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:16:06Z","status":"public","intvolume":"        61","type":"journal_article","day":"01","page":"524-536","issue":"227","publication":"Journal of Glaciology"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1","publisher":"International Glaciological Society","article_type":"original","date_published":"2015-03-01T00:00:00Z","month":"03","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:16:11Z","status":"public","intvolume":"        61","type":"journal_article","day":"01","page":"373-386","publication":"Journal of Glaciology","issue":"226","title":"Mass-balance changes of the debris-covered glaciers in the Langtang Himal, Nepal, from 1974 to 1999","year":"2015","doi":"10.3189/2015jog13j237","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/2015JoG13J237"}],"author":[{"id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","first_name":"Francesca","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti"},{"last_name":"Stephan","full_name":"Stephan, Christa","first_name":"Christa"},{"first_name":"Evan","full_name":"Miles, Evan","last_name":"Miles"},{"last_name":"Herreid","full_name":"Herreid, Sam","first_name":"Sam"},{"full_name":"Immerzeel, Walter W.","last_name":"Immerzeel","first_name":"Walter W."},{"first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"Bolch","full_name":"Bolch, Tobias"}],"keyword":["Earth-Surface Processes"],"abstract":[{"text":"Thick debris cover on glaciers can significantly reduce ice melt. However, several studies have suggested that debris-covered glaciers in the Himalaya might have lost mass at a rate similar to debris-free glaciers. We reconstruct elevation and mass changes for the debris-covered glaciers of the upper Langtang valley, Nepalese Himalaya, using a digital elevation model (DEM) from 1974 stereo Hexagon satellite data and the 2000 SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) DEM. Uncertainties are high in the accumulation areas, due to data gaps in the SRTM and difficulties with delineation of the glacier borders. Even with these uncertainties, we obtain thinning rates comparable to those of several other studies in the Himalaya. In particular, we obtain a total mass balance for the investigated debris-covered glaciers of the basin of –0.32 ± 0.18 m w.e. a<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. However, there are major spatial differences both between glaciers and within any single glacier, exhibiting a very distinct nonlinear mass-balance profile with elevation. Through analysis of surface velocities derived from Landsat ETM+ imagery, we show that thinning occurs in areas of low velocity and low slope. These areas are prone to a general, dynamic decay of surface features and to the development of supraglacial lakes and ice cliffs, which may be responsible for a considerable increase in overall glacier ablation.","lang":"eng"}],"citation":{"mla":"Pellicciotti, Francesca, et al. “Mass-Balance Changes of the Debris-Covered Glaciers in the Langtang Himal, Nepal, from 1974 to 1999.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 61, no. 226, International Glaciological Society, 2015, pp. 373–86, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2015jog13j237\">10.3189/2015jog13j237</a>.","ama":"Pellicciotti F, Stephan C, Miles E, Herreid S, Immerzeel WW, Bolch T. Mass-balance changes of the debris-covered glaciers in the Langtang Himal, Nepal, from 1974 to 1999. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. 2015;61(226):373-386. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2015jog13j237\">10.3189/2015jog13j237</a>","short":"F. Pellicciotti, C. Stephan, E. Miles, S. Herreid, W.W. Immerzeel, T. Bolch, Journal of Glaciology 61 (2015) 373–386.","ista":"Pellicciotti F, Stephan C, Miles E, Herreid S, Immerzeel WW, Bolch T. 2015. Mass-balance changes of the debris-covered glaciers in the Langtang Himal, Nepal, from 1974 to 1999. Journal of Glaciology. 61(226), 373–386.","ieee":"F. Pellicciotti, C. Stephan, E. Miles, S. Herreid, W. W. Immerzeel, and T. Bolch, “Mass-balance changes of the debris-covered glaciers in the Langtang Himal, Nepal, from 1974 to 1999,” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 61, no. 226. International Glaciological Society, pp. 373–386, 2015.","apa":"Pellicciotti, F., Stephan, C., Miles, E., Herreid, S., Immerzeel, W. W., &#38; Bolch, T. (2015). Mass-balance changes of the debris-covered glaciers in the Langtang Himal, Nepal, from 1974 to 1999. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. International Glaciological Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2015jog13j237\">https://doi.org/10.3189/2015jog13j237</a>","chicago":"Pellicciotti, Francesca, Christa Stephan, Evan Miles, Sam Herreid, Walter W. Immerzeel, and Tobias Bolch. “Mass-Balance Changes of the Debris-Covered Glaciers in the Langtang Himal, Nepal, from 1974 to 1999.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. International Glaciological Society, 2015. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2015jog13j237\">https://doi.org/10.3189/2015jog13j237</a>."},"publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0022-1430"],"eissn":["1727-5652"]},"extern":"1","_id":"12628","article_processing_charge":"No","date_updated":"2023-02-24T09:35:21Z","volume":61,"oa":1},{"_id":"12632","extern":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0022-1430"],"eissn":["1727-5652"]},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","date_updated":"2023-02-24T08:56:35Z","volume":60,"oa":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","abstract":[{"text":"We investigate the performance of five glacier melt models over a multi-decadal period in order to assess their ability to model future glacier response. The models range from a simple degree-day model, based solely on air temperature, to more-sophisticated models, including the full shortwave radiation balance. In addition to the empirical models, the performance of a physically based energy-balance (EB) model is examined. The melt models are coupled to an accumulation and a surface evolution model and applied in a distributed manner to Rhonegletscher, Switzerland, over the period 1929–2012 at hourly resolution. For calibration, seasonal mass-balance measurements (2006–12) are used. Decadal ice volume changes for six periods in the years 1929–2012 serve for model validation. Over the period 2006–12, there are almost no differences in performance between the models, except for EB, which is less consistent with observations, likely due to lack of meteorological in situ data. However, simulations over the long term (1929–2012) reveal that models which include a separate term for shortwave radiation agree best with the observed ice volume changes, indicating that their melt relationships are robust in time and thus suitable for long-term modelling, in contrast to more empirical approaches that are oversensitive to temperature fluctuations.","lang":"eng"}],"author":[{"last_name":"Gabbi","full_name":"Gabbi, Jeannette","first_name":"Jeannette"},{"first_name":"Marco","full_name":"Carenzo, Marco","last_name":"Carenzo"},{"last_name":"Pellicciotti","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","first_name":"Francesca","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70"},{"last_name":"Bauder","full_name":"Bauder, Andreas","first_name":"Andreas"},{"first_name":"Martin","full_name":"Funk, Martin","last_name":"Funk"}],"keyword":["Earth-Surface Processes"],"publication_status":"published","citation":{"apa":"Gabbi, J., Carenzo, M., Pellicciotti, F., Bauder, A., &#38; Funk, M. (2014). A comparison of empirical and physically based glacier surface melt models for long-term simulations of glacier response. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. International Glaciological Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2014jog14j011\">https://doi.org/10.3189/2014jog14j011</a>","ieee":"J. Gabbi, M. Carenzo, F. Pellicciotti, A. Bauder, and M. Funk, “A comparison of empirical and physically based glacier surface melt models for long-term simulations of glacier response,” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 60, no. 224. International Glaciological Society, pp. 1140–1154, 2014.","chicago":"Gabbi, Jeannette, Marco Carenzo, Francesca Pellicciotti, Andreas Bauder, and Martin Funk. “A Comparison of Empirical and Physically Based Glacier Surface Melt Models for Long-Term Simulations of Glacier Response.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. International Glaciological Society, 2014. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2014jog14j011\">https://doi.org/10.3189/2014jog14j011</a>.","ama":"Gabbi J, Carenzo M, Pellicciotti F, Bauder A, Funk M. A comparison of empirical and physically based glacier surface melt models for long-term simulations of glacier response. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. 2014;60(224):1140-1154. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2014jog14j011\">10.3189/2014jog14j011</a>","mla":"Gabbi, Jeannette, et al. “A Comparison of Empirical and Physically Based Glacier Surface Melt Models for Long-Term Simulations of Glacier Response.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 60, no. 224, International Glaciological Society, 2014, pp. 1140–54, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/2014jog14j011\">10.3189/2014jog14j011</a>.","short":"J. Gabbi, M. Carenzo, F. Pellicciotti, A. Bauder, M. Funk, Journal of Glaciology 60 (2014) 1140–1154.","ista":"Gabbi J, Carenzo M, Pellicciotti F, Bauder A, Funk M. 2014. A comparison of empirical and physically based glacier surface melt models for long-term simulations of glacier response. Journal of Glaciology. 60(224), 1140–1154."},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/2014JoG14J011","open_access":"1"}],"title":"A comparison of empirical and physically based glacier surface melt models for long-term simulations of glacier response","year":"2014","doi":"10.3189/2014jog14j011","issue":"224","publication":"Journal of Glaciology","page":"1140-1154","intvolume":"        60","status":"public","day":"01","type":"journal_article","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:16:34Z","publisher":"International Glaciological Society","scopus_import":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"08","article_type":"original","date_published":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z"},{"year":"2011","doi":"10.3189/002214311796406013","title":"Transmission of solar radiation through clouds on melting glaciers: A comparison of parameterizations and their impact on melt modelling","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311796406013","open_access":"1"}],"publication_status":"published","citation":{"apa":"Pellicciotti, F., Raschle, T., Huerlimann, T., Carenzo, M., &#38; Burlando, P. (2011). Transmission of solar radiation through clouds on melting glaciers: A comparison of parameterizations and their impact on melt modelling. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311796406013\">https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311796406013</a>","ieee":"F. Pellicciotti, T. Raschle, T. Huerlimann, M. Carenzo, and P. Burlando, “Transmission of solar radiation through clouds on melting glaciers: A comparison of parameterizations and their impact on melt modelling,” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 57, no. 202. Cambridge University Press, pp. 367–381, 2011.","chicago":"Pellicciotti, Francesca, Thomas Raschle, Thomas Huerlimann, Marco Carenzo, and Paolo Burlando. “Transmission of Solar Radiation through Clouds on Melting Glaciers: A Comparison of Parameterizations and Their Impact on Melt Modelling.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2011. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311796406013\">https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311796406013</a>.","ama":"Pellicciotti F, Raschle T, Huerlimann T, Carenzo M, Burlando P. Transmission of solar radiation through clouds on melting glaciers: A comparison of parameterizations and their impact on melt modelling. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. 2011;57(202):367-381. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311796406013\">10.3189/002214311796406013</a>","mla":"Pellicciotti, Francesca, et al. “Transmission of Solar Radiation through Clouds on Melting Glaciers: A Comparison of Parameterizations and Their Impact on Melt Modelling.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 57, no. 202, Cambridge University Press, 2011, pp. 367–81, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311796406013\">10.3189/002214311796406013</a>.","short":"F. Pellicciotti, T. Raschle, T. Huerlimann, M. Carenzo, P. Burlando, Journal of Glaciology 57 (2011) 367–381.","ista":"Pellicciotti F, Raschle T, Huerlimann T, Carenzo M, Burlando P. 2011. Transmission of solar radiation through clouds on melting glaciers: A comparison of parameterizations and their impact on melt modelling. Journal of Glaciology. 57(202), 367–381."},"author":[{"id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca"},{"full_name":"Raschle, Thomas","last_name":"Raschle","first_name":"Thomas"},{"last_name":"Huerlimann","full_name":"Huerlimann, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas"},{"last_name":"Carenzo","full_name":"Carenzo, Marco","first_name":"Marco"},{"full_name":"Burlando, Paolo","last_name":"Burlando","first_name":"Paolo"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We explore the robustness and transferability of parameterizations of cloud radiative forcing used in glacier melt models at two sites in the Swiss Alps. We also look at the rationale behind some of the most commonly used approaches, and explore the relationship between cloud transmittance and several standard meteorological variables. The 2 m air-temperature diurnal range is the best predictor of variations in cloud transmittance. However, linear and exponential parameterizations can only explain 30–50% of the observed variance in computed cloud transmittance factors. We examine the impact of modelled cloud transmittance factors on both solar radiation and ablation rates computed with an enhanced temperature-index model. The melt model performance decreases when modelled radiation is used, the reduction being due to an underestimation of incoming solar radiation on clear-sky days. The model works well under overcast conditions. We also seek alternatives to the use of in situ ground data. However, outputs from an atmospheric model (2.2 km horizontal resolution) do not seem to provide an alternative to the parameterizations of cloud radiative forcing based on observations of air temperature at glacier automatic weather stations. Conversely, the correct definition of overcast conditions is important."}],"date_updated":"2023-02-20T09:47:00Z","volume":57,"oa":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","_id":"12652","extern":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1727-5652"],"issn":["0022-1430"]},"date_published":"2011-03-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","month":"03","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"Cambridge University Press","scopus_import":"1","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:18:21Z","type":"journal_article","day":"01","status":"public","intvolume":"        57","page":"367-381","issue":"202","publication":"Journal of Glaciology"},{"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0022-1430"],"eissn":["1727-5652"]},"extern":"1","_id":"12654","oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","article_processing_charge":"No","volume":55,"oa":1,"date_updated":"2023-02-20T09:06:27Z","abstract":[{"text":"We investigate the transferability of an enhanced temperature-index melt model that was developed and tested on Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland, in the 2001 season. The model’s empirical parameters (temperature factor, TF, and shortwave radiation factor, SRF) are recalibrated for: (1) other locations on Haut Glacier d’Arolla; (2) subperiods of distinct meteorological conditions; (3) different years on Haut Glacier d’Arolla; and (4) other glaciers in different years. The model parameters are optimized against simulations of an energy-balance model validated against ablation observations. Results are compared with those obtained with the original parameters. The model works very well when applied to other sites, seasons and glaciers, with the exception of overcast conditions. Differences are due to underestimation of high melt rates. The parameter values are associated with the prevailing energy-balance conditions, showing that high SRF are obtained on clear-sky days, whereas higher TF are typical of locations where glacier winds prevail and turbulent fluxes are high. We also provide a range of parameters clearly associated with the site’s location and its meteorological characteristics that could help to assign parameter values to sites where few data are available.","lang":"eng"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Carenzo","full_name":"Carenzo, Marco"},{"id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti","first_name":"Francesca"},{"first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Rimkus","full_name":"Rimkus, Stefan"},{"first_name":"Paolo","last_name":"Burlando","full_name":"Burlando, Paolo"}],"citation":{"ista":"Carenzo M, Pellicciotti F, Rimkus S, Burlando P. 2009. Assessing the transferability and robustness of an enhanced temperature-index glacier-melt model. Journal of Glaciology. 55(190), 258–274.","short":"M. Carenzo, F. Pellicciotti, S. Rimkus, P. Burlando, Journal of Glaciology 55 (2009) 258–274.","ama":"Carenzo M, Pellicciotti F, Rimkus S, Burlando P. Assessing the transferability and robustness of an enhanced temperature-index glacier-melt model. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. 2009;55(190):258-274. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/002214309788608804\">10.3189/002214309788608804</a>","mla":"Carenzo, Marco, et al. “Assessing the Transferability and Robustness of an Enhanced Temperature-Index Glacier-Melt Model.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 55, no. 190, Cambridge University Press, 2009, pp. 258–74, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/002214309788608804\">10.3189/002214309788608804</a>.","chicago":"Carenzo, Marco, Francesca Pellicciotti, Stefan Rimkus, and Paolo Burlando. “Assessing the Transferability and Robustness of an Enhanced Temperature-Index Glacier-Melt Model.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2009. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/002214309788608804\">https://doi.org/10.3189/002214309788608804</a>.","apa":"Carenzo, M., Pellicciotti, F., Rimkus, S., &#38; Burlando, P. (2009). Assessing the transferability and robustness of an enhanced temperature-index glacier-melt model. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/002214309788608804\">https://doi.org/10.3189/002214309788608804</a>","ieee":"M. Carenzo, F. Pellicciotti, S. Rimkus, and P. Burlando, “Assessing the transferability and robustness of an enhanced temperature-index glacier-melt model,” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 55, no. 190. Cambridge University Press, pp. 258–274, 2009."},"publication_status":"published","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/002214309788608804"}],"title":"Assessing the transferability and robustness of an enhanced temperature-index glacier-melt model","year":"2009","doi":"10.3189/002214309788608804","publication":"Journal of Glaciology","issue":"190","page":"258-274","intvolume":"        55","status":"public","day":"01","type":"journal_article","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:18:34Z","scopus_import":"1","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"03","date_published":"2009-03-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original"},{"publication_status":"published","citation":{"mla":"Pellicciotti, Francesca, et al. “An Enhanced Temperature-Index Glacier Melt Model Including the Shortwave Radiation Balance: Development and Testing for Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 51, no. 175, Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. 573–87, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829124\">10.3189/172756505781829124</a>.","ama":"Pellicciotti F, Brock B, Strasser U, Burlando P, Funk M, Corripio J. An enhanced temperature-index glacier melt model including the shortwave radiation balance: Development and testing for Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. 2005;51(175):573-587. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829124\">10.3189/172756505781829124</a>","short":"F. Pellicciotti, B. Brock, U. Strasser, P. Burlando, M. Funk, J. Corripio, Journal of Glaciology 51 (2005) 573–587.","ista":"Pellicciotti F, Brock B, Strasser U, Burlando P, Funk M, Corripio J. 2005. An enhanced temperature-index glacier melt model including the shortwave radiation balance: Development and testing for Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland. Journal of Glaciology. 51(175), 573–587.","apa":"Pellicciotti, F., Brock, B., Strasser, U., Burlando, P., Funk, M., &#38; Corripio, J. (2005). An enhanced temperature-index glacier melt model including the shortwave radiation balance: Development and testing for Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829124\">https://doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829124</a>","ieee":"F. Pellicciotti, B. Brock, U. Strasser, P. Burlando, M. Funk, and J. Corripio, “An enhanced temperature-index glacier melt model including the shortwave radiation balance: Development and testing for Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland,” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>, vol. 51, no. 175. Cambridge University Press, pp. 573–587, 2005.","chicago":"Pellicciotti, Francesca, Ben Brock, Ulrich Strasser, Paolo Burlando, Martin Funk, and Javier Corripio. “An Enhanced Temperature-Index Glacier Melt Model Including the Shortwave Radiation Balance: Development and Testing for Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2005. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829124\">https://doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829124</a>."},"abstract":[{"text":"An enhanced temperature-index glacier melt model, incorporating incoming shortwave radiation and albedo, is presented. The model is an attempt to combine the high temporal resolution and accuracy of physically based melt models with the lower data requirements and computational simplicity of empirical melt models, represented by the ‘degree-day’ method and its variants. The model is run with both measured and modelled radiation data, to test its applicability to glaciers with differing data availability. Five automatic weather stations were established on Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland, between May and September 2001. Reference surface melt rates were calculated using a physically based energy-balance melt model. The performance of the enhanced temperature-index model was tested at each of the four validation stations by comparing predicted hourly melt rates with reference melt rates. Predictions made with three other temperature-index models were evaluated in the same way for comparison. The enhanced temperature-index model offers significant improvements over the other temperature-index models, and accounts for 90–95% of the variation in the reference melt rate. The improvement is lower, but still significant, when the model is forced by modelled shortwave radiation data, thus offering a better alternative to existing models that require only temperature data input.","lang":"eng"}],"author":[{"id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","first_name":"Francesca","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti"},{"last_name":"Brock","full_name":"Brock, Ben","first_name":"Ben"},{"first_name":"Ulrich","full_name":"Strasser, Ulrich","last_name":"Strasser"},{"first_name":"Paolo","full_name":"Burlando, Paolo","last_name":"Burlando"},{"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Funk","full_name":"Funk, Martin"},{"full_name":"Corripio, Javier","last_name":"Corripio","first_name":"Javier"}],"volume":51,"oa":1,"date_updated":"2023-02-20T08:45:37Z","article_processing_charge":"No","_id":"12657","extern":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0022-1430"],"eissn":["1727-5652"]},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","year":"2005","doi":"10.3189/172756505781829124","title":"An enhanced temperature-index glacier melt model including the shortwave radiation balance: Development and testing for Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829124"}],"day":"19","type":"journal_article","intvolume":"        51","status":"public","issue":"175","publication":"Journal of Glaciology","page":"573-587","month":"10","date_published":"2005-10-19T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","scopus_import":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_created":"2023-02-20T08:18:51Z"}]