---
_id: '3651'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'It is widely held that each gene typically affects many characters, and that
each character is affected by many genes. Moreover, strong stabilizing selection
cannot act on an indefinitely large number of independent traits. This makes it
likely that heritable variation in any one trait is maintained as a side effect
of polymorphisms which have nothing to do with selection on that trait. This paper
examines the idea that variation is maintained as the pleiotropic side effect
of either deleterious mutation, or balancing selection. If mutation is responsible,
it must produce alleles which are only mildly deleterious (s & 10(-3)), but
nevertheless have significant effects on the trait. Balancing selection can readily
maintain high heritabilities; however, selection must be spread over many weakly
selected polymorphisms if large responses to artificial selection are to be possible.
In both classes of pleiotropic model, extreme phenotypes are less fit, giving
the appearance of stabilizing selection on the trait. However, it is shown that
this effect is weak (of the same order as the selection on each gene): the strong
stabilizing selection which is often observed is likely to be caused by correlations
with a limited number of directly selected traits. Possible experiments for distinguishing
the alternatives are discussed.'
acknowledgement: Thanks to JERRY COYNE, BILL HILL, LINDA PARTRIDGE, MICHAEL TURELLI,
and two anonymous reviewers for their critical comments. This work was supported
by grants from the National Science Foundation (BSR-8866548) the Science and Engineering
Research Council (GR/E/08507), and by the Institute of Theoretical Dynamics, University
of California, Davis.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
ama: Barton NH. Pleiotropic models of quantitative variation. Genetics. 1990;124(3):773-782.
doi:10.1093/genetics/124.3.773
apa: Barton, N. H. (1990). Pleiotropic models of quantitative variation. Genetics.
Genetics Society of America. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/124.3.773
chicago: Barton, Nicholas H. “Pleiotropic Models of Quantitative Variation.” Genetics.
Genetics Society of America, 1990. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/124.3.773 .
ieee: N. H. Barton, “Pleiotropic models of quantitative variation,” Genetics,
vol. 124, no. 3. Genetics Society of America, pp. 773–782, 1990.
ista: Barton NH. 1990. Pleiotropic models of quantitative variation. Genetics. 124(3),
773–782.
mla: Barton, Nicholas H. “Pleiotropic Models of Quantitative Variation.” Genetics,
vol. 124, no. 3, Genetics Society of America, 1990, pp. 773–82, doi:10.1093/genetics/124.3.773 .
short: N.H. Barton, Genetics 124 (1990) 773–782.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:04:26Z
date_published: 1990-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-02-23T10:41:43Z
day: '01'
doi: '10.1093/genetics/124.3.773 '
extern: '1'
external_id:
pmid:
- '2311921'
intvolume: ' 124'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://academic.oup.com/genetics/article/124/3/773/5999956?login=true
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 773 - 782
pmid: 1
publication: Genetics
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0016-6731
publication_status: published
publisher: Genetics Society of America
publist_id: '2732'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Pleiotropic models of quantitative variation
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 124
year: '1990'
...
---
_id: '3652'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Frequency-dependent selection against rare forms can maintain clines. For
weak selection, s, in simple linear models of frequency-dependence, single locus
clines are stabilized with a maximum slope of between square root of s/square
root of 8 sigma and square root of s/square root of 12 delta, where sigma is the
dispersal distance. These clines are similar to those maintained by heterozygote
disadvantage. Using computer simulations, the weak-selection analytical results
are extended to higher selection pressures with up to three unlinked genes. Graphs
are used to display the effect of selection, migration, dominance, and number
of loci on cline widths, speeds of cline movements, two-way gametic correlations
("linkage disequilibria"), and heterozygote deficits. The effects of changing
the order of reproduction, migration, and selection, are also briefly explored.
Epistasis can also maintain tension zones. We show that epistatic selection is
similar in its effects to frequency-dependent selection, except that the disequilibria
produced in the zone will be higher for a given level of selection. If selection
consists of a mixture of frequency-dependence and epistasis, as is likely in nature,
the error made in estimating selection is usually less than twofold. From the
graphs, selection and migration can be estimated using knowledge of the dominance
and number of genes, of gene frequencies and of gametic correlations from a hybrid
zone.
acknowledgement: "The publication costs of this article were partly defrayed by the
payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisment”
in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. \r\n\r\nWe thank
the Natural Environmental Research Council for financial support, and N. SANDERSON,
M. SLATKIN and an anonymous reviewer for comments on the manuscript."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: James
full_name: Mallet, James
last_name: Mallet
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
ama: Mallet J, Barton NH. Inference from clines stabilized by frequency-dependent
selection. Genetics. 1989;122(4):967-976. doi:10.1093/genetics/122.4.967
apa: Mallet, J., & Barton, N. H. (1989). Inference from clines stabilized by
frequency-dependent selection. Genetics. Genetics Society of America. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/122.4.967
chicago: Mallet, James, and Nicholas H Barton. “Inference from Clines Stabilized
by Frequency-Dependent Selection.” Genetics. Genetics Society of America,
1989. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/122.4.967.
ieee: J. Mallet and N. H. Barton, “Inference from clines stabilized by frequency-dependent
selection,” Genetics, vol. 122, no. 4. Genetics Society of America, pp.
967–976, 1989.
ista: Mallet J, Barton NH. 1989. Inference from clines stabilized by frequency-dependent
selection. Genetics. 122(4), 967–976.
mla: Mallet, James, and Nicholas H. Barton. “Inference from Clines Stabilized by
Frequency-Dependent Selection.” Genetics, vol. 122, no. 4, Genetics Society
of America, 1989, pp. 967–76, doi:10.1093/genetics/122.4.967.
short: J. Mallet, N.H. Barton, Genetics 122 (1989) 967–976.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:04:27Z
date_published: 1989-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-02-14T14:07:12Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1093/genetics/122.4.967
extern: '1'
external_id:
pmid:
- '2759433'
intvolume: ' 122'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1203771
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: None
page: 967 - 976
pmid: 1
publication: Genetics
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0016-6731
publication_status: published
publisher: Genetics Society of America
publist_id: '2731'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Inference from clines stabilized by frequency-dependent selection
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 122
year: '1989'
...