---
_id: '9447'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) based water-in-salt electrolytes
    (WiSEs) has recently emerged as a new promising class of electrolytes, primarily
    owing to their wide electrochemical stability windows (~3–4 V), that by far exceed
    the thermodynamic stability window of water (1.23 V). Upon increasing the salt
    concentration towards superconcentration the onset of the oxygen evolution reaction
    (OER) shifts more significantly than the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) does.
    The OER shift has been explained by the accumulation of hydrophobic anions blocking
    water access to the electrode surface, hence by double layer theory. Here we demonstrate
    that the processes during oxidation are much more complex, involving OER, carbon
    and salt decomposition by OER intermediates, and salt precipitation upon local
    oversaturation. The positive shift in the onset potential of oxidation currents
    was elucidated by combining several advanced analysis techniques: rotating ring-disk
    electrode voltammetry, online electrochemical mass spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron
    spectroscopy, using both dilute and superconcentrated electrolytes. The results
    demonstrate the importance of reactive OER intermediates and surface films for
    electrolyte and electrode stability and motivate further studies of the nature
    of the electrode.'
article_number: '050550'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Marion
  full_name: Maffre, Marion
  last_name: Maffre
- first_name: Roza
  full_name: Bouchal, Roza
  last_name: Bouchal
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Niklas
  full_name: Lindahl, Niklas
  last_name: Lindahl
- first_name: Patrik
  full_name: Johansson, Patrik
  last_name: Johansson
- first_name: Frédéric
  full_name: Favier, Frédéric
  last_name: Favier
- first_name: Olivier
  full_name: Fontaine, Olivier
  last_name: Fontaine
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Bélanger, Daniel
  last_name: Bélanger
citation:
  ama: Maffre M, Bouchal R, Freunberger SA, et al. Investigation of electrochemical
    and chemical processes occurring at positive potentials in “Water-in-Salt” electrolytes.
    <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>. 2021;168(5). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300">10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300</a>
  apa: Maffre, M., Bouchal, R., Freunberger, S. A., Lindahl, N., Johansson, P., Favier,
    F., … Bélanger, D. (2021). Investigation of electrochemical and chemical processes
    occurring at positive potentials in “Water-in-Salt” electrolytes. <i>Journal of
    The Electrochemical Society</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300">https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300</a>
  chicago: Maffre, Marion, Roza Bouchal, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, Niklas Lindahl,
    Patrik Johansson, Frédéric Favier, Olivier Fontaine, and Daniel Bélanger. “Investigation
    of Electrochemical and Chemical Processes Occurring at Positive Potentials in
    ‘Water-in-Salt’ Electrolytes.” <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>.
    IOP Publishing, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300">https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300</a>.
  ieee: M. Maffre <i>et al.</i>, “Investigation of electrochemical and chemical processes
    occurring at positive potentials in ‘Water-in-Salt’ electrolytes,” <i>Journal
    of The Electrochemical Society</i>, vol. 168, no. 5. IOP Publishing, 2021.
  ista: Maffre M, Bouchal R, Freunberger SA, Lindahl N, Johansson P, Favier F, Fontaine
    O, Bélanger D. 2021. Investigation of electrochemical and chemical processes occurring
    at positive potentials in “Water-in-Salt” electrolytes. Journal of The Electrochemical
    Society. 168(5), 050550.
  mla: Maffre, Marion, et al. “Investigation of Electrochemical and Chemical Processes
    Occurring at Positive Potentials in ‘Water-in-Salt’ Electrolytes.” <i>Journal
    of The Electrochemical Society</i>, vol. 168, no. 5, 050550, IOP Publishing, 2021,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300">10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300</a>.
  short: M. Maffre, R. Bouchal, S.A. Freunberger, N. Lindahl, P. Johansson, F. Favier,
    O. Fontaine, D. Bélanger, Journal of The Electrochemical Society 168 (2021).
date_created: 2021-06-03T09:58:38Z
date_published: 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-05T13:25:30Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: StFr
doi: 10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000657724200001'
intvolume: '       168'
isi: 1
issue: '5'
keyword:
- Renewable Energy
- Sustainability and the Environment
- Electrochemistry
- Materials Chemistry
- Electronic
- Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Surfaces
- Coatings and Films
- Condensed Matter Physics
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa_version: None
publication: Journal of The Electrochemical Society
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1945-7111
  issn:
  - 0013-4651
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Investigation of electrochemical and chemical processes occurring at positive
  potentials in “Water-in-Salt” electrolytes
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 168
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '7319'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In the first paper of this series, an experimental technique for measuring
    the current-density distribution with a resolution better than the sub-millimeter
    scale of the channel and rib structures in the flow-field plates of polymer electrolyte
    fuel cells (PEFCs) was introduced. This method is extended to the determination
    of local membrane resistance with the same spatial resolution in the present paper.
    The combined measurement of current and resistance allows for investigating the
    interaction of mass- and charge-transport processes, which determine the local
    rate distribution across the domain of channels and ribs. Therewith, the influence
    of relevant operating parameters such as reactant composition, dew points, and
    cell compression on local current generation is investigated. The results show
    that the distribution of water and oxidant across the channel and rib are the
    main reasons for significant current gradients on a scale smaller than a millimeter.
    Humidity variation mainly affects the membrane resistance under the channel, while
    reactant concentration predominantly influences current generation under the rib-covered
    cell area.
article_number: B301
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Mathias
  full_name: Reum, Mathias
  last_name: Reum
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Wokaun, Alexander
  last_name: Wokaun
- first_name: Felix N.
  full_name: Büchi, Felix N.
  last_name: Büchi
citation:
  ama: 'Reum M, Freunberger SA, Wokaun A, Büchi FN. Measuring the current distribution
    with sub-millimeter resolution in PEFCs: II. Impact of operating parameters. <i>Journal
    of The Electrochemical Society</i>. 2009;156(3). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.3043422">10.1149/1.3043422</a>'
  apa: 'Reum, M., Freunberger, S. A., Wokaun, A., &#38; Büchi, F. N. (2009). Measuring
    the current distribution with sub-millimeter resolution in PEFCs: II. Impact of
    operating parameters. <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>. The Electrochemical
    Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.3043422">https://doi.org/10.1149/1.3043422</a>'
  chicago: 'Reum, Mathias, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, Alexander Wokaun, and Felix
    N. Büchi. “Measuring the Current Distribution with Sub-Millimeter Resolution
    in PEFCs: II. Impact of Operating Parameters.” <i>Journal of The Electrochemical
    Society</i>. The Electrochemical Society, 2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.3043422">https://doi.org/10.1149/1.3043422</a>.'
  ieee: 'M. Reum, S. A. Freunberger, A. Wokaun, and F. N. Büchi, “Measuring the current
    distribution with sub-millimeter resolution in PEFCs: II. Impact of operating
    parameters,” <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>, vol. 156, no. 3. The
    Electrochemical Society, 2009.'
  ista: 'Reum M, Freunberger SA, Wokaun A, Büchi FN. 2009. Measuring the current
    distribution with sub-millimeter resolution in PEFCs: II. Impact of operating
    parameters. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 156(3), B301.'
  mla: 'Reum, Mathias, et al. “Measuring the Current Distribution with Sub-Millimeter
    Resolution in PEFCs: II. Impact of Operating Parameters.” <i>Journal of The Electrochemical
    Society</i>, vol. 156, no. 3, B301, The Electrochemical Society, 2009, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.3043422">10.1149/1.3043422</a>.'
  short: M. Reum, S.A. Freunberger, A. Wokaun, F.N. Büchi, Journal of The Electrochemical
    Society 156 (2009).
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:21:24Z
date_published: 2009-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:13:01Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1149/1.3043422
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       156'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa_version: None
publication: Journal of The Electrochemical Society
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0013-4651
publication_status: published
publisher: The Electrochemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Measuring the current distribution with sub-millimeter resolution in PEFCs:
  II. Impact of operating parameters'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 156
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '7321'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Cell interaction phenomena in polymer electrolyte fuel cell stacks that arise
    from imbalance between adjacent cells are investigated in detail experimentally
    and theoretically. A specialized two-cell stack with advanced localized diagnostics
    was developed and used to analyze the mechanism and effect of cell-to-cell coupling
    as a result of operationally relevant variations in reactant feed flow. Contributions
    to overall and local voltage changes with respect to uniformly operated cells
    are scrutinized. Unequal operation of the cells causes in-plane current in the
    bipolar plate to redistribute current and result in inhomogeneous polarization.
    Both increasing and decreasing polarization along the air-flow path reduces cell
    power as compared to isopotential operation. A two-dimensional model based on
    a commercial computational fluid dynamics code is used to back and extend the
    experimental results to more general cases. Furthermore, the experimental setup
    presented allowed for the first time to perform simultaneous localized electrochemical
    impedance spectroscopy beyond the single-cell level. The mechanism of mutual cell
    interaction on local and integral spectra is revealed. Results show that virtually
    identical operation of the cells is essential to obtain meaningful integral spectra.
article_number: B704
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Ingo A.
  full_name: Schneider, Ingo A.
  last_name: Schneider
- first_name: Pang-Chieh
  full_name: Sui, Pang-Chieh
  last_name: Sui
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Wokaun, Alexander
  last_name: Wokaun
- first_name: Nedjib
  full_name: Djilali, Nedjib
  last_name: Djilali
- first_name: Felix N.
  full_name: Büchi, Felix N.
  last_name: Büchi
citation:
  ama: Freunberger SA, Schneider IA, Sui P-C, Wokaun A, Djilali N, Büchi FN. Cell
    interaction phenomena in polymer electrolyte fuel cell stacks. <i>Journal of The
    Electrochemical Society</i>. 2008;155(7). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2913095">10.1149/1.2913095</a>
  apa: Freunberger, S. A., Schneider, I. A., Sui, P.-C., Wokaun, A., Djilali, N.,
    &#38; Büchi, F. N. (2008). Cell interaction phenomena in polymer electrolyte
    fuel cell stacks. <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>. The Electrochemical
    Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2913095">https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2913095</a>
  chicago: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander, Ingo A. Schneider, Pang-Chieh Sui, Alexander
    Wokaun, Nedjib Djilali, and Felix N. Büchi. “Cell Interaction Phenomena in Polymer
    Electrolyte Fuel Cell Stacks.” <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>.
    The Electrochemical Society, 2008. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2913095">https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2913095</a>.
  ieee: S. A. Freunberger, I. A. Schneider, P.-C. Sui, A. Wokaun, N. Djilali, and
    F. N. Büchi, “Cell interaction phenomena in polymer electrolyte fuel cell stacks,”
    <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>, vol. 155, no. 7. The Electrochemical
    Society, 2008.
  ista: Freunberger SA, Schneider IA, Sui P-C, Wokaun A, Djilali N, Büchi FN. 2008.
    Cell interaction phenomena in polymer electrolyte fuel cell stacks. Journal of
    The Electrochemical Society. 155(7), B704.
  mla: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander, et al. “Cell Interaction Phenomena in Polymer
    Electrolyte Fuel Cell Stacks.” <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>,
    vol. 155, no. 7, B704, The Electrochemical Society, 2008, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2913095">10.1149/1.2913095</a>.
  short: S.A. Freunberger, I.A. Schneider, P.-C. Sui, A. Wokaun, N. Djilali, F.N.
    Büchi, Journal of The Electrochemical Society 155 (2008).
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:21:47Z
date_published: 2008-05-08T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:13:03Z
day: '08'
doi: 10.1149/1.2913095
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       155'
issue: '7'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa_version: None
publication: Journal of The Electrochemical Society
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0013-4651
publication_status: published
publisher: The Electrochemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Cell interaction phenomena in polymer electrolyte fuel cell stacks
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 155
year: '2008'
...
---
_id: '7325'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Our experimental results shown here disprove that finite diffusion can generally
    be assumed in ac impedance models for H2/air-polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs)
    to account for the diffusive transport of oxygen through the gas diffusion layer
    (GDL) toward the air electrode. It is shown that the amplitude of the oxygen concentration
    oscillation created as a consequence of superimposed ac current at the air electrode
    is not zero at the channel/GDL interface but extends into the gas channels, at
    least below modulation frequencies of fmod=10 Hz . By this, sinusoidal oxygen-concentration
    oscillations within the cathode gas channels are excited locally along the flow
    field. Due to the forced air convection in the cathode flow-field channels, a
    coupling via the gas phase occurs downstream of the flow field. The coupling strongly
    affects the local and by this the overall impedance response of the cell and evokes
    the formation of a low-frequency arc in H2/air-PEFC impedance spectra. Based on
    the experimental results, a qualitative model is presented explaining the local
    impedance response of a segmented 200cm2H2/air PEFC.
article_number: B383
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: I. A.
  full_name: Schneider, I. A.
  last_name: Schneider
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: D.
  full_name: Kramer, D.
  last_name: Kramer
- first_name: A.
  full_name: Wokaun, A.
  last_name: Wokaun
- first_name: G. G.
  full_name: Scherer, G. G.
  last_name: Scherer
citation:
  ama: 'Schneider IA, Freunberger SA, Kramer D, Wokaun A, Scherer GG. Oscillations
    in gas channels: Part I. The forgotten player in impedance spectroscopy in PEFCs.
    <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>. 2007;154(4). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2435706">10.1149/1.2435706</a>'
  apa: 'Schneider, I. A., Freunberger, S. A., Kramer, D., Wokaun, A., &#38; Scherer,
    G. G. (2007). Oscillations in gas channels: Part I. The forgotten player in impedance
    spectroscopy in PEFCs. <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>. The Electrochemical
    Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2435706">https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2435706</a>'
  chicago: 'Schneider, I. A., Stefan Alexander Freunberger, D. Kramer, A. Wokaun,
    and G. G. Scherer. “Oscillations in Gas Channels: Part I. The Forgotten Player
    in Impedance Spectroscopy in PEFCs.” <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>.
    The Electrochemical Society, 2007. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2435706">https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2435706</a>.'
  ieee: 'I. A. Schneider, S. A. Freunberger, D. Kramer, A. Wokaun, and G. G. Scherer,
    “Oscillations in gas channels: Part I. The forgotten player in impedance spectroscopy
    in PEFCs,” <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>, vol. 154, no. 4. The
    Electrochemical Society, 2007.'
  ista: 'Schneider IA, Freunberger SA, Kramer D, Wokaun A, Scherer GG. 2007. Oscillations
    in gas channels: Part I. The forgotten player in impedance spectroscopy in PEFCs.
    Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 154(4), B383.'
  mla: 'Schneider, I. A., et al. “Oscillations in Gas Channels: Part I. The Forgotten
    Player in Impedance Spectroscopy in PEFCs.” <i>Journal of The Electrochemical
    Society</i>, vol. 154, no. 4, B383, The Electrochemical Society, 2007, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2435706">10.1149/1.2435706</a>.'
  short: I.A. Schneider, S.A. Freunberger, D. Kramer, A. Wokaun, G.G. Scherer, Journal
    of The Electrochemical Society 154 (2007).
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:22:31Z
date_published: 2007-02-09T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:13:05Z
day: '09'
doi: 10.1149/1.2435706
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       154'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa_version: None
publication: Journal of The Electrochemical Society
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0013-4651
publication_status: published
publisher: The Electrochemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Oscillations in gas channels: Part I. The forgotten player in impedance spectroscopy
  in PEFCs'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 154
year: '2007'
...
---
_id: '7328'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: An experimental technique for measuring the current density distribution with
    a resolution smaller than the channel/rib scale of the flow field in polymer electrolyte
    fuel cells (PEFCs) is presented. The electron conductors in a plane perpendicular
    to the channel direction are considered as two-dimensional resistors. Hence, the
    current density is obtained from the solution of Laplace's equation with the potentials
    at current collector and reaction layer as boundary conditions. Using ohmic drop
    for calculating the local current, detailed knowledge of all resistances involved
    is of prime importance. In particular, the contact resistance between the gas
    diffusion layer (GDL) and flow field rib, as well as GDL bulk conductivity, are
    strongly dependent on clamping pressure. They represent a substantial amount of
    the total ohmic drop and therefore require careful consideration. The detailed
    experimental setup as well as the concise procedure for quantitative data evaluation
    is described. Finally, the method is applied successfully to a cell operated on
    pure oxygen and air up to high current densities. The results show that electrical
    and ionic resistances seem to govern the current distribution at low current regimes,
    whereas mass transport limitations locally hamper the current production at high
    loads.
article_number: A2158
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Mathias
  full_name: Reum, Mathias
  last_name: Reum
- first_name: Jörg
  full_name: Evertz, Jörg
  last_name: Evertz
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Wokaun, Alexander
  last_name: Wokaun
- first_name: Felix N.
  full_name: Büchi, Felix N.
  last_name: Büchi
citation:
  ama: Freunberger SA, Reum M, Evertz J, Wokaun A, Büchi FN. Measuring the current
    distribution in PEFCs with sub-millimeter resolution. <i>Journal of The Electrochemical
    Society</i>. 2006;153(11). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2345591">10.1149/1.2345591</a>
  apa: Freunberger, S. A., Reum, M., Evertz, J., Wokaun, A., &#38; Büchi, F. N. (2006).
    Measuring the current distribution in PEFCs with sub-millimeter resolution. <i>Journal
    of The Electrochemical Society</i>. The Electrochemical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2345591">https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2345591</a>
  chicago: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander, Mathias Reum, Jörg Evertz, Alexander Wokaun,
    and Felix N. Büchi. “Measuring the Current Distribution in PEFCs with Sub-Millimeter
    Resolution.” <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>. The Electrochemical
    Society, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2345591">https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2345591</a>.
  ieee: S. A. Freunberger, M. Reum, J. Evertz, A. Wokaun, and F. N. Büchi, “Measuring
    the current distribution in PEFCs with sub-millimeter resolution,” <i>Journal
    of The Electrochemical Society</i>, vol. 153, no. 11. The Electrochemical Society,
    2006.
  ista: Freunberger SA, Reum M, Evertz J, Wokaun A, Büchi FN. 2006. Measuring the
    current distribution in PEFCs with sub-millimeter resolution. Journal of The Electrochemical
    Society. 153(11), A2158.
  mla: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander, et al. “Measuring the Current Distribution in
    PEFCs with Sub-Millimeter Resolution.” <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>,
    vol. 153, no. 11, A2158, The Electrochemical Society, 2006, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2345591">10.1149/1.2345591</a>.
  short: S.A. Freunberger, M. Reum, J. Evertz, A. Wokaun, F.N. Büchi, Journal of
    The Electrochemical Society 153 (2006).
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:23:12Z
date_published: 2006-09-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:13:06Z
day: '20'
doi: 10.1149/1.2345591
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       153'
issue: '11'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa_version: None
publication: Journal of The Electrochemical Society
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0013-4651
publication_status: published
publisher: The Electrochemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Measuring the current distribution in PEFCs with sub-millimeter resolution
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 153
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '7331'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: A previously developed mathematical model for water management and current
    density distribution in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFCs) is employed to
    investigate the effects of cooling strategies on cell performance. The model describes
    a two-dimensional slice through the cell along the channels and through the entire
    cell sandwich including the coolant channels and the bipolar plate. Arbitrary
    flow arrangements of fuel, oxidant, and coolant stream directions can be described.
    Due to the serious impact of temperature on all processes in the PEFC, both the
    relative direction of the coolant stream to the gas streams and its mass flow
    turns out to significantly affect the cell performance. Besides influencing the
    electrochemical reaction and all kinds of mass transfer temperature, variations
    predominantly alter the local membrane hydration distribution and subseqently
    its conductivity.
article_number: A909
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Wokaun, Alexander
  last_name: Wokaun
- first_name: Felix N.
  full_name: Büchi, Felix N.
  last_name: Büchi
citation:
  ama: 'Freunberger SA, Wokaun A, Büchi FN. In-plane effects in large-scale PEFCs:
    II. The influence of cooling strategy on cell performance. <i>Journal of The Electrochemical
    Society</i>. 2006;153(5). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2185282">10.1149/1.2185282</a>'
  apa: 'Freunberger, S. A., Wokaun, A., &#38; Büchi, F. N. (2006). In-plane effects
    in large-scale PEFCs: II. The influence of cooling strategy on cell performance.
    <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>. The Electrochemical Society. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2185282">https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2185282</a>'
  chicago: 'Freunberger, Stefan Alexander, Alexander Wokaun, and Felix N. Büchi.
    “In-Plane Effects in Large-Scale PEFCs: II. The Influence of Cooling Strategy
    on Cell Performance.” <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>. The Electrochemical
    Society, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2185282">https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2185282</a>.'
  ieee: 'S. A. Freunberger, A. Wokaun, and F. N. Büchi, “In-plane effects in large-scale
    PEFCs: II. The influence of cooling strategy on cell performance,” <i>Journal
    of The Electrochemical Society</i>, vol. 153, no. 5. The Electrochemical Society,
    2006.'
  ista: 'Freunberger SA, Wokaun A, Büchi FN. 2006. In-plane effects in large-scale
    PEFCs: II. The influence of cooling strategy on cell performance. Journal of The
    Electrochemical Society. 153(5), A909.'
  mla: 'Freunberger, Stefan Alexander, et al. “In-Plane Effects in Large-Scale PEFCs:
    II. The Influence of Cooling Strategy on Cell Performance.” <i>Journal of The
    Electrochemical Society</i>, vol. 153, no. 5, A909, The Electrochemical Society,
    2006, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2185282">10.1149/1.2185282</a>.'
  short: S.A. Freunberger, A. Wokaun, F.N. Büchi, Journal of The Electrochemical
    Society 153 (2006).
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:23:46Z
date_published: 2006-03-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:13:08Z
day: '27'
doi: 10.1149/1.2185282
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       153'
issue: '5'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa_version: None
publication: Journal of The Electrochemical Society
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0013-4651
publication_status: published
publisher: The Electrochemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'In-plane effects in large-scale PEFCs: II. The influence of cooling strategy
  on cell performance'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 153
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '7332'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: A quasi-two-dimensional, along-the-channel mass and heat-transfer model for
    a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEFC) is described and validated against
    experimental current distribution data. The model is formulated in a dimensional
    manner, i.e., local transport phenomena are treated one-dimensional in through-plane
    direction and coupled in-plane by convective transport in the gas and coolant
    channels. Thus, a two-dimensional slice running through the repetitive unit of
    a cell from the anode channel via membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) and cathode
    channel to the coolant channel and from inlet to outlet is modeled. The aim of
    the work is to elucidate the influence of operating conditions such as feed gas
    humidities and stoichiometric ratios on the along-the-channel current density
    distribution and to identify the distinct underlying voltage loss mechanisms.
    Furthermore, a complicated technical flow field is modeled by a combination of
    co- and counterflow subdomains and compared with experimental current densities.
article_number: A396
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Santis, Marco
  last_name: Santis
- first_name: Ingo A.
  full_name: Schneider, Ingo A.
  last_name: Schneider
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Wokaun, Alexander
  last_name: Wokaun
- first_name: Felix N.
  full_name: Büchi, Felix N.
  last_name: Büchi
citation:
  ama: Freunberger SA, Santis M, Schneider IA, Wokaun A, Büchi FN. In-plane effects
    in large-scale PEMFCs. <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>. 2006;153(2).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2150150">10.1149/1.2150150</a>
  apa: Freunberger, S. A., Santis, M., Schneider, I. A., Wokaun, A., &#38; Büchi,
    F. N. (2006). In-plane effects in large-scale PEMFCs. <i>Journal of The Electrochemical
    Society</i>. The Electrochemical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2150150">https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2150150</a>
  chicago: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander, Marco Santis, Ingo A. Schneider, Alexander
    Wokaun, and Felix N. Büchi. “In-Plane Effects in Large-Scale PEMFCs.” <i>Journal
    of The Electrochemical Society</i>. The Electrochemical Society, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2150150">https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2150150</a>.
  ieee: S. A. Freunberger, M. Santis, I. A. Schneider, A. Wokaun, and F. N. Büchi,
    “In-plane effects in large-scale PEMFCs,” <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>,
    vol. 153, no. 2. The Electrochemical Society, 2006.
  ista: Freunberger SA, Santis M, Schneider IA, Wokaun A, Büchi FN. 2006. In-plane
    effects in large-scale PEMFCs. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 153(2),
    A396.
  mla: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander, et al. “In-Plane Effects in Large-Scale PEMFCs.”
    <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>, vol. 153, no. 2, A396, The Electrochemical
    Society, 2006, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2150150">10.1149/1.2150150</a>.
  short: S.A. Freunberger, M. Santis, I.A. Schneider, A. Wokaun, F.N. Büchi, Journal
    of The Electrochemical Society 153 (2006).
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:24:00Z
date_published: 2006-01-04T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:13:08Z
day: '04'
doi: 10.1149/1.2150150
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       153'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
publication: Journal of The Electrochemical Society
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0013-4651
publication_status: published
publisher: The Electrochemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: In-plane effects in large-scale PEMFCs
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 153
year: '2006'
...