---
_id: '4444'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The Embedded Machine is a virtual machine that mediates in real time the interaction
    between software processes and physical processes. It separates the compilation
    of embedded programs into two phases. The first, platform-independent compiler
    phase generates E code (code executed by the Embedded Machine), which supervises
    the timing ---not the scheduling--- of application tasks relative to external
    events, such as clock ticks and sensor interrupts. E~code is portable and exhibits,
    given an input behavior, predictable (i.e., deterministic) timing and output behavior.
    The second, platform-dependent compiler phase checks the time safety of the E
    code, that is, whether platform performance (determined by the hardware) and platform
    utilization (determined by the scheduler of the operating system) enable its timely
    execution. We have used the Embedded Machine to compile and execute high-performance
    control applications written in Giotto, such as the flight control system of an
    autonomous model helicopter.
acknowledgement: This research was supported in part by the DARPA SEC grant F33615-C-98-3614,
  the MARCO GSRC grant 98-DT- 660, the AFOSR MURI grant F49620-00-1-0327, and the
  NSF ITR grant CCR-0085949.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Kirsch, Christoph
  last_name: Kirsch
citation:
  ama: 'Henzinger TA, Kirsch C. The embedded machine: predictable, portable real-time
    code. In: <i>Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2002 Conference on Programming Language
    Design and Implementation</i>. ACM; 2002:315-326. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/512529.512567">10.1145/512529.512567</a>'
  apa: 'Henzinger, T. A., &#38; Kirsch, C. (2002). The embedded machine: predictable,
    portable real-time code. In <i>Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2002 conference
    on Programming language design and implementation</i> (pp. 315–326). Berlin, Germany:
    ACM. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/512529.512567">https://doi.org/10.1145/512529.512567</a>'
  chicago: 'Henzinger, Thomas A, and Christoph Kirsch. “The Embedded Machine: Predictable,
    Portable Real-Time Code.” In <i>Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2002 Conference
    on Programming Language Design and Implementation</i>, 315–26. ACM, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/512529.512567">https://doi.org/10.1145/512529.512567</a>.'
  ieee: 'T. A. Henzinger and C. Kirsch, “The embedded machine: predictable, portable
    real-time code,” in <i>Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2002 conference on Programming
    language design and implementation</i>, Berlin, Germany, 2002, pp. 315–326.'
  ista: 'Henzinger TA, Kirsch C. 2002. The embedded machine: predictable, portable
    real-time code. Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2002 conference on Programming
    language design and implementation. PLDI: Programming Languages Design and Implementation,
    315–326.'
  mla: 'Henzinger, Thomas A., and Christoph Kirsch. “The Embedded Machine: Predictable,
    Portable Real-Time Code.” <i>Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2002 Conference on
    Programming Language Design and Implementation</i>, ACM, 2002, pp. 315–26, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1145/512529.512567">10.1145/512529.512567</a>.'
  short: T.A. Henzinger, C. Kirsch, in:, Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2002 Conference
    on Programming Language Design and Implementation, ACM, 2002, pp. 315–326.
conference:
  end_date: 2002-06-19
  location: Berlin, Germany
  name: 'PLDI: Programming Languages Design and Implementation'
  start_date: 2002-06-17
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:53Z
date_published: 2002-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-06-05T09:02:23Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1145/512529.512567
extern: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa_version: None
page: 315 - 326
publication: Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2002 conference on Programming language
  design and implementation
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9781581134636'
publication_status: published
publisher: ACM
publist_id: '284'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'The embedded machine: predictable, portable real-time code'
type: conference
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
year: '2002'
...