---
_id: '7303'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The electrolyte in the non-aqueous (aprotic) lithium air battery has a profound
influence on the reactions that occur at the anode and cathode, and hence its
overall operation on discharge/charge. It must possess a wide range of attributes,
exceeding the requirements of electrolytes for Lithium ion batteries by far. The
most important additional issues are stability at both anode and cathode in the
presence of O2. The known problems with cycling the Li metal/non-aqueous electrolyte
interface are further complicated by O2. New and much less understood are the
reactions at the O2 cathode/electrolyte interface where the highly reversible
formation/decomposition of Li2O2 on discharge/charge is critical for the operation
of the non-aqueous lithium air battery. Many aprotic electrolytes exhibit decomposition
at the cathode during discharge and charge due to the presence of reactive reduced
O2 species affecting potential, capacity and kinetics on discharge and charge,
cyclability and calendar life. Identifying suitable electrolytes is one of the
key challenges for the non-aqueous lithium air battery at the present time. Following
the realisation that cyclability of such cells in the initially used organic carbonate
electrolytes is due to back-to-back irreversible reactions the stability of the
non-aqueous electrolytes became a major focus of research on rechargeable lithium
air batteries. This realisation led to the establishment of a suite of experimental
and computational methods capable of screening the stability of electrolytes.
These allow for greater mechanistic understanding of the reactivity and guide
the way towards designing more stable systems. A range of electrolytes based on
ethers, amides, sulfones, ionic liquids and dimethyl sulfoxide have been investigated.
All are more stable than the organic carbonates, but not all are equally stable.
Even though it was soon realised, by a number of groups, that ethers exhibit side
reactions on discharge and charge, they still remain the choice in many studies.
To date dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethylacetamide were identified as the most stable
electrolytes. In conjunction with the investigation of electrolyte stability the
importance of electrode stability became more prominent. The stability of the
electrolyte cannot be considered in isolation. Its stability depends on the synergy
between electrolyte and electrode. Carbon based electrodes promote electrolyte
decomposition and decompose on their own. Although great progress has been made
in only a few years, future work on aprotic electrolytes for Li-O2 batteries will
need to explore other electrolytes in the quest for yet lower cost, higher safety,
stability and low volatility.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
last_name: Freunberger
orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Yuhui
full_name: Chen, Yuhui
last_name: Chen
- first_name: Fanny
full_name: Bardé, Fanny
last_name: Bardé
- first_name: Kensuke
full_name: Takechi, Kensuke
last_name: Takechi
- first_name: Fuminori
full_name: Mizuno, Fuminori
last_name: Mizuno
- first_name: Peter G.
full_name: Bruce, Peter G.
last_name: Bruce
citation:
ama: 'Freunberger SA, Chen Y, Bardé F, Takechi K, Mizuno F, Bruce PG. Nonaqueous
Electrolytes. In: Imanishi N, Luntz AC, Bruce P, eds. The Lithium Air Battery:
Fundamentals. New York, NY: Springer Nature; 2014:23-58. doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-8062-5_2'
apa: 'Freunberger, S. A., Chen, Y., Bardé, F., Takechi, K., Mizuno, F., & Bruce,
P. G. (2014). Nonaqueous Electrolytes. In N. Imanishi, A. C. Luntz, & P. Bruce
(Eds.), The Lithium Air Battery: Fundamentals (pp. 23–58). New York, NY:
Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8062-5_2'
chicago: 'Freunberger, Stefan Alexander, Yuhui Chen, Fanny Bardé, Kensuke Takechi,
Fuminori Mizuno, and Peter G. Bruce. “Nonaqueous Electrolytes.” In The Lithium
Air Battery: Fundamentals, edited by Nobuyuki Imanishi, Alan C. Luntz, and
Peter Bruce, 23–58. New York, NY: Springer Nature, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8062-5_2.'
ieee: 'S. A. Freunberger, Y. Chen, F. Bardé, K. Takechi, F. Mizuno, and P. G. Bruce,
“Nonaqueous Electrolytes,” in The Lithium Air Battery: Fundamentals, N.
Imanishi, A. C. Luntz, and P. Bruce, Eds. New York, NY: Springer Nature, 2014,
pp. 23–58.'
ista: 'Freunberger SA, Chen Y, Bardé F, Takechi K, Mizuno F, Bruce PG. 2014.Nonaqueous
Electrolytes. In: The Lithium Air Battery: Fundamentals. , 23–58.'
mla: 'Freunberger, Stefan Alexander, et al. “Nonaqueous Electrolytes.” The Lithium
Air Battery: Fundamentals, edited by Nobuyuki Imanishi et al., Springer Nature,
2014, pp. 23–58, doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-8062-5_2.'
short: 'S.A. Freunberger, Y. Chen, F. Bardé, K. Takechi, F. Mizuno, P.G. Bruce,
in:, N. Imanishi, A.C. Luntz, P. Bruce (Eds.), The Lithium Air Battery: Fundamentals,
Springer Nature, New York, NY, 2014, pp. 23–58.'
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:17:55Z
date_published: 2014-03-05T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:12:54Z
day: '05'
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4899-8062-5_2
editor:
- first_name: Nobuyuki
full_name: Imanishi, Nobuyuki
last_name: Imanishi
- first_name: Alan C.
full_name: Luntz, Alan C.
last_name: Luntz
- first_name: Peter
full_name: Bruce, Peter
last_name: Bruce
extern: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa_version: None
page: 23-58
place: New York, NY
publication: 'The Lithium Air Battery: Fundamentals'
publication_identifier:
eisbn:
- '9781489980625'
isbn:
- '9781489980618'
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Nonaqueous Electrolytes
type: book_chapter
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2014'
...