---
_id: '12229'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "We present Bullshark, the first directed acyclic graph (DAG) based asynchronous
    Byzantine Atomic Broadcast protocol that is optimized for the common synchronous
    case. Like previous DAG-based BFT protocols [19, 25], Bullshark requires no extra
    communication to achieve consensus on top of building the DAG. That is, parties
    can totally order the vertices of the DAG by interpreting their local view of
    the DAG edges. Unlike other asynchronous DAG-based protocols, Bullshark provides
    a practical low latency fast-path that exploits synchronous periods and deprecates
    the need for notoriously complex view-change and view-synchronization mechanisms.
    Bullshark achieves this while maintaining all the desired properties of its predecessor
    DAG-Rider [25]. Namely, it has optimal amortized communication complexity, it
    provides fairness and asynchronous liveness, and safety is guaranteed even under
    a quantum adversary.\r\n\r\nIn order to show the practicality and simplicity of
    our approach, we also introduce a standalone partially synchronous version of
    Bullshark, which we evaluate against the state of the art. The implemented protocol
    is embarrassingly simple (200 LOC on top of an existing DAG-based mempool implementation).
    It is highly efficient, achieving for example, 125,000 transactions per second
    with a 2 seconds latency for a deployment of 50 parties. In the same setting,
    the state of the art pays a steep 50% latency increase as it optimizes for asynchrony."
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Spiegelman, Alexander
  last_name: Spiegelman
- first_name: Neil
  full_name: Giridharan, Neil
  last_name: Giridharan
- first_name: Alberto
  full_name: Sonnino, Alberto
  last_name: Sonnino
- first_name: Eleftherios
  full_name: Kokoris Kogias, Eleftherios
  id: f5983044-d7ef-11ea-ac6d-fd1430a26d30
  last_name: Kokoris Kogias
citation:
  ama: 'Spiegelman A, Giridharan N, Sonnino A, Kokoris Kogias E. Bullshark: DAG BFT
    protocols made practical. In: <i>Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference
    on Computer and Communications Security</i>. Association for Computing Machinery;
    2022:2705–2718. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3548606.3559361">10.1145/3548606.3559361</a>'
  apa: 'Spiegelman, A., Giridharan, N., Sonnino, A., &#38; Kokoris Kogias, E. (2022).
    Bullshark: DAG BFT protocols made practical. In <i>Proceedings of the 2022 ACM
    SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security</i> (pp. 2705–2718).
    Los Angeles, CA, United States: Association for Computing Machinery. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3548606.3559361">https://doi.org/10.1145/3548606.3559361</a>'
  chicago: 'Spiegelman, Alexander, Neil Giridharan, Alberto Sonnino, and Eleftherios
    Kokoris Kogias. “Bullshark: DAG BFT Protocols Made Practical.” In <i>Proceedings
    of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security</i>,
    2705–2718. Association for Computing Machinery, 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3548606.3559361">https://doi.org/10.1145/3548606.3559361</a>.'
  ieee: 'A. Spiegelman, N. Giridharan, A. Sonnino, and E. Kokoris Kogias, “Bullshark:
    DAG BFT protocols made practical,” in <i>Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference
    on Computer and Communications Security</i>, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2022,
    pp. 2705–2718.'
  ista: 'Spiegelman A, Giridharan N, Sonnino A, Kokoris Kogias E. 2022. Bullshark:
    DAG BFT protocols made practical. Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference
    on Computer and Communications Security. CCS: CConference on Computer and Communications
    Security, 2705–2718.'
  mla: 'Spiegelman, Alexander, et al. “Bullshark: DAG BFT Protocols Made Practical.”
    <i>Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications
    Security</i>, Association for Computing Machinery, 2022, pp. 2705–2718, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3548606.3559361">10.1145/3548606.3559361</a>.'
  short: A. Spiegelman, N. Giridharan, A. Sonnino, E. Kokoris Kogias, in:, Proceedings
    of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, Association
    for Computing Machinery, 2022, pp. 2705–2718.
conference:
  end_date: 2022-11-11
  location: Los Angeles, CA, United States
  name: 'CCS: CConference on Computer and Communications Security'
  start_date: 2022-11-07
date_created: 2023-01-16T09:49:48Z
date_published: 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-01-27T10:33:17Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: ElKo
doi: 10.1145/3548606.3559361
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2201.05677'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2201.05677
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 2705–2718
publication: Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications
  Security
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9781450394505'
publication_status: published
publisher: Association for Computing Machinery
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Bullshark: DAG BFT protocols made practical'
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2022'
...