---
_id: '11331'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "We propose separating the task of reliable transaction dissemination from
    transaction ordering, to enable high-performance Byzantine fault-tolerant quorum-based
    consensus. We design and evaluate a mempool protocol, Narwhal, specializing in
    high-throughput reliable dissemination and storage of causal histories of transactions.
    Narwhal tolerates an asynchronous network and maintains high performance despite
    failures. Narwhal is designed to easily scale-out using multiple workers at each
    validator, and we demonstrate that there is no foreseeable limit to the throughput
    we can achieve.\r\nComposing Narwhal with a partially synchronous consensus protocol
    (Narwhal-HotStuff) yields significantly better throughput even in the presence
    of faults or intermittent loss of liveness due to asynchrony. However, loss of
    liveness can result in higher latency. To achieve overall good performance when
    faults occur we design Tusk, a zero-message overhead asynchronous consensus protocol,
    to work with Narwhal. We demonstrate its high performance under a variety of configurations
    and faults.\r\nAs a summary of results, on a WAN, Narwhal-Hotstuff achieves over
    130,000 tx/sec at less than 2-sec latency compared with 1,800 tx/sec at 1-sec
    latency for Hotstuff. Additional workers increase throughput linearly to 600,000
    tx/sec without any latency increase. Tusk achieves 160,000 tx/sec with about 3
    seconds latency. Under faults, both protocols maintain high throughput, but Narwhal-HotStuff
    suffers from increased latency."
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: George
  full_name: Danezis, George
  last_name: Danezis
- first_name: Eleftherios
  full_name: Kokoris Kogias, Eleftherios
  id: f5983044-d7ef-11ea-ac6d-fd1430a26d30
  last_name: Kokoris Kogias
- first_name: Alberto
  full_name: Sonnino, Alberto
  last_name: Sonnino
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Spiegelman, Alexander
  last_name: Spiegelman
citation:
  ama: 'Danezis G, Kokoris Kogias E, Sonnino A, Spiegelman A. Narwhal and Tusk: A
    DAG-based mempool and efficient BFT consensus. In: <i>Proceedings of the 17th
    European Conference on Computer Systems</i>. Association for Computing Machinery;
    2022:34-50. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3492321.3519594">10.1145/3492321.3519594</a>'
  apa: 'Danezis, G., Kokoris Kogias, E., Sonnino, A., &#38; Spiegelman, A. (2022).
    Narwhal and Tusk: A DAG-based mempool and efficient BFT consensus. In <i>Proceedings
    of the 17th European Conference on Computer Systems</i> (pp. 34–50). Rennes, France:
    Association for Computing Machinery. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3492321.3519594">https://doi.org/10.1145/3492321.3519594</a>'
  chicago: 'Danezis, George, Eleftherios Kokoris Kogias, Alberto Sonnino, and Alexander
    Spiegelman. “Narwhal and Tusk: A DAG-Based Mempool and Efficient BFT Consensus.”
    In <i>Proceedings of the 17th European Conference on Computer Systems</i>, 34–50.
    Association for Computing Machinery, 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3492321.3519594">https://doi.org/10.1145/3492321.3519594</a>.'
  ieee: 'G. Danezis, E. Kokoris Kogias, A. Sonnino, and A. Spiegelman, “Narwhal and
    Tusk: A DAG-based mempool and efficient BFT consensus,” in <i>Proceedings of the
    17th European Conference on Computer Systems</i>, Rennes, France, 2022, pp. 34–50.'
  ista: 'Danezis G, Kokoris Kogias E, Sonnino A, Spiegelman A. 2022. Narwhal and Tusk:
    A DAG-based mempool and efficient BFT consensus. Proceedings of the 17th European
    Conference on Computer Systems. EuroSys: European Conference on Computer Systems,
    34–50.'
  mla: 'Danezis, George, et al. “Narwhal and Tusk: A DAG-Based Mempool and Efficient
    BFT Consensus.” <i>Proceedings of the 17th European Conference on Computer Systems</i>,
    Association for Computing Machinery, 2022, pp. 34–50, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3492321.3519594">10.1145/3492321.3519594</a>.'
  short: G. Danezis, E. Kokoris Kogias, A. Sonnino, A. Spiegelman, in:, Proceedings
    of the 17th European Conference on Computer Systems, Association for Computing
    Machinery, 2022, pp. 34–50.
conference:
  end_date: 2022-04-08
  location: Rennes, France
  name: 'EuroSys: European Conference on Computer Systems'
  start_date: 2022-04-05
date_created: 2022-04-24T22:01:43Z
date_published: 2022-03-28T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-03T06:38:40Z
day: '28'
department:
- _id: ElKo
doi: 10.1145/3492321.3519594
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2105.11827'
  isi:
  - '000926506800003'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: ' https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2105.11827'
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 34-50
publication: Proceedings of the 17th European Conference on Computer Systems
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9781450391627'
publication_status: published
publisher: Association for Computing Machinery
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Narwhal and Tusk: A DAG-based mempool and efficient BFT consensus'
type: conference
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
year: '2022'
...