[{"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2643-1564"]},"status":"public","month":"01","year":"2024","abstract":[{"text":"It is a basic principle that an effect cannot come before the cause. Dispersive relations that follow from this fundamental fact have proven to be an indispensable tool in physics and engineering. They are most powerful in the domain of linear response where they are known as Kramers-Kronig relations. However, when it comes to nonlinear phenomena the implications of causality are much less explored, apart from several notable exceptions. Here in this paper we demonstrate how to apply the dispersive formalism to analyze the ultrafast nonlinear response in the context of the paradigmatic nonlinear Kerr effect. We find that the requirement of causality introduces a noticeable effect even under assumption that Kerr effect is mediated by quasi-instantaneous off-resonant electronic hyperpolarizability. We confirm this by experimentally measuring the time-resolved Kerr dynamics in GaAs by means of a hybrid pump-probe Mach-Zehnder interferometer and demonstrate the presence of an intrinsic lagging between amplitude and phase responses as predicted by dispersive analysis. Our results describe a general property of the time-resolved nonlinear processes thereby highlighting the importance of accounting for dispersive effects in the nonlinear optical processes involving ultrashort pulses.","lang":"eng"}],"issue":"1","date_updated":"2024-01-31T12:01:16Z","_id":"14886","article_number":"013042","ddc":["530"],"file_date_updated":"2024-01-31T11:59:30Z","scopus_import":"1","citation":{"short":"D. Lorenc, Z. Alpichshev, Physical Review Research 6 (2024).","ama":"Lorenc D, Alpichshev Z. Dispersive effects in ultrafast nonlinear phenomena: The case of optical Kerr effect. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. 2024;6(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.013042\">10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.013042</a>","ieee":"D. Lorenc and Z. Alpichshev, “Dispersive effects in ultrafast nonlinear phenomena: The case of optical Kerr effect,” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 6, no. 1. American Physical Society, 2024.","ista":"Lorenc D, Alpichshev Z. 2024. Dispersive effects in ultrafast nonlinear phenomena: The case of optical Kerr effect. Physical Review Research. 6(1), 013042.","mla":"Lorenc, Dusan, and Zhanybek Alpichshev. “Dispersive Effects in Ultrafast Nonlinear Phenomena: The Case of Optical Kerr Effect.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 6, no. 1, 013042, American Physical Society, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.013042\">10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.013042</a>.","apa":"Lorenc, D., &#38; Alpichshev, Z. (2024). Dispersive effects in ultrafast nonlinear phenomena: The case of optical Kerr effect. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.013042\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.013042</a>","chicago":"Lorenc, Dusan, and Zhanybek Alpichshev. “Dispersive Effects in Ultrafast Nonlinear Phenomena: The Case of Optical Kerr Effect.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>. American Physical Society, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.013042\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.013042</a>."},"intvolume":"         6","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.013042","publication_status":"published","date_published":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Dispersive effects in ultrafast nonlinear phenomena: The case of optical Kerr effect","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publisher":"American Physical Society","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"day":"11","acknowledgement":"The work was supported by the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA). We thank Prof. John M. Dudley, Dr. Ugur Sezer, and Dr. Artem Volosniev for valuable discussions.","file":[{"file_id":"14918","creator":"dernst","checksum":"42d58f93ae74e7f2c4de058ef75ff8b2","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2024_PhysicalReviewResearch_Lorenc.pdf","date_updated":"2024-01-31T11:59:30Z","date_created":"2024-01-31T11:59:30Z","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":2863627,"success":1}],"author":[{"full_name":"Lorenc, Dusan","first_name":"Dusan","id":"40D8A3E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Lorenc"},{"first_name":"Zhanybek","orcid":"0000-0002-7183-5203","id":"45E67A2A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Alpichshev","full_name":"Alpichshev, Zhanybek"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes","article_type":"original","quality_controlled":"1","volume":6,"publication":"Physical Review Research","date_created":"2024-01-28T23:01:42Z","has_accepted_license":"1","department":[{"_id":"ZhAl"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article"},{"department":[{"_id":"OnHo"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"Physical Review Research","date_created":"2024-02-12T11:42:18Z","has_accepted_license":"1","volume":6,"quality_controlled":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["2306.12804"]},"article_type":"original","article_processing_charge":"Yes","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","checksum":"3a39ebffb24c1cc1dd0b547a726dc52d","file_id":"14981","date_created":"2024-02-12T11:46:50Z","date_updated":"2024-02-12T11:46:50Z","file_name":"2024_PhysicalRevResearch_Agafonova.pdf","file_size":1437167,"success":1,"relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Agafonova, Sofya","first_name":"Sofya","orcid":"0000-0003-0582-2946","id":"09501ff6-dca7-11ea-a8ae-b3e0b9166e80","last_name":"Agafonova"},{"full_name":"Mishra, Umang","first_name":"Umang","id":"4328fa4c-f128-11eb-9611-c107b0fe4d51","last_name":"Mishra"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-4947-8924","first_name":"Fritz R","last_name":"Diorico","id":"2E054C4C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Diorico, Fritz R"},{"full_name":"Hosten, Onur","id":"4C02D85E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hosten","first_name":"Onur","orcid":"0000-0002-2031-204X"}],"project":[{"name":"A quantum hybrid of atoms and milligram-scale pendulums: towards gravitational quantum mechanics","_id":"bdb2a702-d553-11ed-ba76-f12e3e5a3bc6","grant_number":"101087907"}],"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"day":"05","acknowledgement":"We thank Pere Rosselló for his contributions to the initial modeling of the presented sensing technique. This work was supported by Institute of Science and Technology Austria, and\r\nthe European Research Council under Grant No. 101087907 (ERC CoG QuHAMP).","title":"Zigzag optical cavity for sensing and controlling torsional motion","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publisher":"American Physical Society","date_published":"2024-02-05T00:00:00Z","oa_version":"Published Version","doi":"10.1103/physrevresearch.6.013141","publication_status":"published","citation":{"chicago":"Agafonova, Sofya, Umang Mishra, Fritz R Diorico, and Onur Hosten. “Zigzag Optical Cavity for Sensing and Controlling Torsional Motion.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>. American Physical Society, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.013141\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.013141</a>.","apa":"Agafonova, S., Mishra, U., Diorico, F. R., &#38; Hosten, O. (2024). Zigzag optical cavity for sensing and controlling torsional motion. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.013141\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.013141</a>","ista":"Agafonova S, Mishra U, Diorico FR, Hosten O. 2024. Zigzag optical cavity for sensing and controlling torsional motion. Physical Review Research. 6(1), 013141.","mla":"Agafonova, Sofya, et al. “Zigzag Optical Cavity for Sensing and Controlling Torsional Motion.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 6, no. 1, 013141, American Physical Society, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.013141\">10.1103/physrevresearch.6.013141</a>.","short":"S. Agafonova, U. Mishra, F.R. Diorico, O. Hosten, Physical Review Research 6 (2024).","ama":"Agafonova S, Mishra U, Diorico FR, Hosten O. Zigzag optical cavity for sensing and controlling torsional motion. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. 2024;6(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.013141\">10.1103/physrevresearch.6.013141</a>","ieee":"S. Agafonova, U. Mishra, F. R. Diorico, and O. Hosten, “Zigzag optical cavity for sensing and controlling torsional motion,” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 6, no. 1. American Physical Society, 2024."},"intvolume":"         6","ddc":["530"],"file_date_updated":"2024-02-12T11:46:50Z","_id":"14980","article_number":"013141","year":"2024","abstract":[{"text":"Precision sensing and manipulation of milligram-scale mechanical oscillators has attracted growing interest in the fields of table-top explorations of gravity and tests of quantum mechanics at macroscopic scales. Torsional oscillators present an opportunity in this regard due to their remarked isolation from environmental noise. For torsional motion, an effective employment of optical cavities to enhance optomechanical interactions—as already established for linear oscillators—so far faced certain challenges. Here, we propose a concept for sensing and manipulating torsional motion, where exclusively the torsional rotations of a pendulum are mapped onto the path length of a single two-mirror optical cavity. The concept inherently alleviates many limitations of previous approaches. A proof-of-principle experiment is conducted with a rigidly controlled pendulum to explore the sensing aspects of the concept and to identify practical limitations in a potential state-of-the art setup. Based on this study, we anticipate development of precision torque sensors utilizing torsional pendulums that can support sensitivities below 10−19Nm/√Hz, while the motion of the pendulums are dominated by quantum radiation pressure noise at sub-microwatts of incoming laser power. These developments will provide horizons for experiments at the interface of quantum mechanics and gravity.","lang":"eng"}],"arxiv":1,"issue":"1","date_updated":"2024-02-12T11:49:06Z","month":"02","oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2643-1564"]},"status":"public"}]