---
_id: '10286'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'In this paper, we evaluate clock signals generated in ring oscillators and
    self-timed rings and the way their jitter can be transformed into random numbers.
    We show that counting the periods of the jittery clock signal produces random
    numbers of significantly better quality than the methods in which the jittery
    signal is simply sampled (the case in almost all current methods). Moreover, we
    use the counter values to characterize and continuously monitor the source of
    randomness. However, instead of using the widely used statistical variance, we
    propose to use Allan variance to do so. There are two main advantages: Allan variance
    is insensitive to low frequency noises such as flicker noise that are known to
    be autocorrelated and significantly less circuitry is required for its computation
    than that used to compute commonly used variance. We also show that it is essential
    to use a differential principle of randomness extraction from the jitter based
    on the use of two identical oscillators to avoid autocorrelations originating
    from external and internal global jitter sources and that this fact is valid for
    both kinds of rings. Last but not least, we propose a method of statistical testing
    based on high order Markov model to show the reduced dependencies when the proposed
    randomness extraction is applied.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Elie Noumon
  full_name: Allini, Elie Noumon
  last_name: Allini
- first_name: Maciej
  full_name: Skórski, Maciej
  id: EC09FA6A-02D0-11E9-8223-86B7C91467DD
  last_name: Skórski
- first_name: Oto
  full_name: Petura, Oto
  last_name: Petura
- first_name: Florent
  full_name: Bernard, Florent
  last_name: Bernard
- first_name: Marek
  full_name: Laban, Marek
  last_name: Laban
- first_name: Viktor
  full_name: Fischer, Viktor
  last_name: Fischer
citation:
  ama: Allini EN, Skórski M, Petura O, Bernard F, Laban M, Fischer V. Evaluation and
    monitoring of free running oscillators serving as source of randomness. <i>IACR
    Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems</i>. 2018;2018(3):214-242.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.13154/tches.v2018.i3.214-242">10.13154/tches.v2018.i3.214-242</a>
  apa: Allini, E. N., Skórski, M., Petura, O., Bernard, F., Laban, M., &#38; Fischer,
    V. (2018). Evaluation and monitoring of free running oscillators serving as source
    of randomness. <i>IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems</i>.
    International Association for Cryptologic Research. <a href="https://doi.org/10.13154/tches.v2018.i3.214-242">https://doi.org/10.13154/tches.v2018.i3.214-242</a>
  chicago: Allini, Elie Noumon, Maciej Skórski, Oto Petura, Florent Bernard, Marek
    Laban, and Viktor Fischer. “Evaluation and Monitoring of Free Running Oscillators
    Serving as Source of Randomness.” <i>IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware
    and Embedded Systems</i>. International Association for Cryptologic Research,
    2018. <a href="https://doi.org/10.13154/tches.v2018.i3.214-242">https://doi.org/10.13154/tches.v2018.i3.214-242</a>.
  ieee: E. N. Allini, M. Skórski, O. Petura, F. Bernard, M. Laban, and V. Fischer,
    “Evaluation and monitoring of free running oscillators serving as source of randomness,”
    <i>IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems</i>, vol.
    2018, no. 3. International Association for Cryptologic Research, pp. 214–242,
    2018.
  ista: Allini EN, Skórski M, Petura O, Bernard F, Laban M, Fischer V. 2018. Evaluation
    and monitoring of free running oscillators serving as source of randomness. IACR
    Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems. 2018(3), 214–242.
  mla: Allini, Elie Noumon, et al. “Evaluation and Monitoring of Free Running Oscillators
    Serving as Source of Randomness.” <i>IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware
    and Embedded Systems</i>, vol. 2018, no. 3, International Association for Cryptologic
    Research, 2018, pp. 214–42, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.13154/tches.v2018.i3.214-242">10.13154/tches.v2018.i3.214-242</a>.
  short: E.N. Allini, M. Skórski, O. Petura, F. Bernard, M. Laban, V. Fischer, IACR
    Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems 2018 (2018) 214–242.
date_created: 2021-11-14T23:01:25Z
date_published: 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-11-15T10:48:49Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: KrPi
doi: 10.13154/tches.v2018.i3.214-242
file:
- access_level: open_access
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  creator: cchlebak
  date_created: 2021-11-15T10:27:29Z
  date_updated: 2021-11-15T10:27:29Z
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  file_name: 2018_IACR_Allini.pdf
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file_date_updated: 2021-11-15T10:27:29Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '      2018'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 214-242
publication: IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2569-2925
publication_status: published
publisher: International Association for Cryptologic Research
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Evaluation and monitoring of free running oscillators serving as source of
  randomness
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
volume: 2018
year: '2018'
...