---
_id: '6795'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The green‐beard effect is one proposed mechanism predicted to underpin the
    evolu‐tion of altruistic behavior. It relies on the recognition and the selective
    help of altruists to each other in order to promote and sustain altruistic behavior.
    However, this mechanism has often been dismissed as unlikely or uncommon, as it
    is assumed that both the signaling trait and altruistic trait need to be encoded
    by the same gene or through tightly linked genes. Here, we use models of indirect
    genetic effects (IGEs) to find the minimum correlation between the signaling and
    altruistic trait required for the evolution of the latter. We show that this correlation
    threshold depends on the strength of the interaction (influence of the green beard
    on the expression of the altruistic trait), as well as the costs and benefits
    of the altruistic behavior. We further show that this correlation does not necessarily
    have to be high and support our analytical results by simulations.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Barbora
  full_name: Trubenova, Barbora
  id: 42302D54-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Trubenova
  orcid: 0000-0002-6873-2967
- first_name: Reinmar
  full_name: Hager, Reinmar
  last_name: Hager
citation:
  ama: Trubenova B, Hager R. Green beards in the light of indirect genetic effects.
    <i>Ecology and Evolution</i>. 2019;9(17):9597-9608. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5484">10.1002/ece3.5484</a>
  apa: Trubenova, B., &#38; Hager, R. (2019). Green beards in the light of indirect
    genetic effects. <i>Ecology and Evolution</i>. Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5484">https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5484</a>
  chicago: Trubenova, Barbora, and Reinmar Hager. “Green Beards in the Light of Indirect
    Genetic Effects.” <i>Ecology and Evolution</i>. Wiley, 2019. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5484">https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5484</a>.
  ieee: B. Trubenova and R. Hager, “Green beards in the light of indirect genetic
    effects,” <i>Ecology and Evolution</i>, vol. 9, no. 17. Wiley, pp. 9597–9608,
    2019.
  ista: Trubenova B, Hager R. 2019. Green beards in the light of indirect genetic
    effects. Ecology and Evolution. 9(17), 9597–9608.
  mla: Trubenova, Barbora, and Reinmar Hager. “Green Beards in the Light of Indirect
    Genetic Effects.” <i>Ecology and Evolution</i>, vol. 9, no. 17, Wiley, 2019, pp.
    9597–608, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5484">10.1002/ece3.5484</a>.
  short: B. Trubenova, R. Hager, Ecology and Evolution 9 (2019) 9597–9608.
date_created: 2019-08-11T21:59:24Z
date_published: 2019-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-29T07:03:10Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '576'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1002/ece3.5484
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000479973400001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: adcb70af4901977d95b8747eeee01bd7
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2019-08-12T07:30:30Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:40Z
  file_id: '6799'
  file_name: 2019_EcologyEvolution_Trubenova.pdf
  file_size: 2839636
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:40Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         9'
isi: 1
issue: '17'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 9597-9608
project:
- _id: 25AEDD42-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '704172'
  name: Rate of Adaptation in Changing Environment
publication: Ecology and Evolution
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - '20457758'
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Green beards in the light of indirect genetic effects
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 9
year: '2019'
...