---
_id: '14452'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The classical infinitesimal model is a simple and robust model for the inheritance
of quantitative traits. In this model, a quantitative trait is expressed as the
sum of a genetic and an environmental component, and the genetic component of
offspring traits within a family follows a normal distribution around the average
of the parents’ trait values, and has a variance that is independent of the parental
traits. In previous work, we showed that when trait values are determined by the
sum of a large number of additive Mendelian factors, each of small effect, one
can justify the infinitesimal model as a limit of Mendelian inheritance. In this
paper, we show that this result extends to include dominance. We define the model
in terms of classical quantities of quantitative genetics, before justifying it
as a limit of Mendelian inheritance as the number, M, of underlying loci tends
to infinity. As in the additive case, the multivariate normal distribution of
trait values across the pedigree can be expressed in terms of variance components
in an ancestral population and probabilities of identity by descent determined
by the pedigree. Now, with just first-order dominance effects, we require two-,
three-, and four-way identities. We also show that, even if we condition on parental
trait values, the “shared” and “residual” components of trait values within each
family will be asymptotically normally distributed as the number of loci tends
to infinity, with an error of order 1/M−−√. We illustrate our results with some
numerical examples.
acknowledgement: NHB was supported in part by ERC Grants 250152 and 101055327. AV
was partly supported by the chaire Modélisation Mathématique et Biodiversité of
Veolia Environment—Ecole Polytechnique—Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle—Fondation
X.
article_number: iyad133
article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal)
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Alison M.
full_name: Etheridge, Alison M.
last_name: Etheridge
- first_name: Amandine
full_name: Véber, Amandine
last_name: Véber
citation:
ama: Barton NH, Etheridge AM, Véber A. The infinitesimal model with dominance. Genetics.
2023;225(2). doi:10.1093/genetics/iyad133
apa: Barton, N. H., Etheridge, A. M., & Véber, A. (2023). The infinitesimal
model with dominance. Genetics. Oxford Academic. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyad133
chicago: Barton, Nicholas H, Alison M. Etheridge, and Amandine Véber. “The Infinitesimal
Model with Dominance.” Genetics. Oxford Academic, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyad133.
ieee: N. H. Barton, A. M. Etheridge, and A. Véber, “The infinitesimal model with
dominance,” Genetics, vol. 225, no. 2. Oxford Academic, 2023.
ista: Barton NH, Etheridge AM, Véber A. 2023. The infinitesimal model with dominance.
Genetics. 225(2), iyad133.
mla: Barton, Nicholas H., et al. “The Infinitesimal Model with Dominance.” Genetics,
vol. 225, no. 2, iyad133, Oxford Academic, 2023, doi:10.1093/genetics/iyad133.
short: N.H. Barton, A.M. Etheridge, A. Véber, Genetics 225 (2023).
date_created: 2023-10-29T23:01:15Z
date_published: 2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-05-28T11:42:48Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1093/genetics/iyad133
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2211.03515'
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month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
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call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '250152'
name: Limits to selection in biology and in evolutionary computation
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grant_number: '101055327'
name: Understanding the evolution of continuous genomes
publication: Genetics
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1943-2631
issn:
- 0016-6731
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford Academic
quality_controlled: '1'
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scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The infinitesimal model with dominance
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 225
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '11411'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Many studies have quantified the distribution of heterozygosity and relatedness
in natural populations, but few have examined the demographic processes driving
these patterns. In this study, we take a novel approach by studying how population
structure affects both pairwise identity and the distribution of heterozygosity
in a natural population of the self-incompatible plant Antirrhinum majus. Excess
variance in heterozygosity between individuals is due to identity disequilibrium,
which reflects the variance in inbreeding between individuals; it is measured
by the statistic g2. We calculated g2 together with FST and pairwise relatedness
(Fij) using 91 SNPs in 22,353 individuals collected over 11 years. We find that
pairwise Fij declines rapidly over short spatial scales, and the excess variance
in heterozygosity between individuals reflects significant variation in inbreeding.
Additionally, we detect an excess of individuals with around half the average
heterozygosity, indicating either selfing or matings between close relatives.
We use 2 types of simulation to ask whether variation in heterozygosity is consistent
with fine-scale spatial population structure. First, by simulating offspring using
parents drawn from a range of spatial scales, we show that the known pollen dispersal
kernel explains g2. Second, we simulate a 1,000-generation pedigree using the
known dispersal and spatial distribution and find that the resulting g2 is consistent
with that observed from the field data. In contrast, a simulated population with
uniform density underestimates g2, indicating that heterogeneous density promotes
identity disequilibrium. Our study shows that heterogeneous density and leptokurtic
dispersal can together explain the distribution of heterozygosity.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: ScienComp
acknowledgement: "Part of this work was funded by Marie Curie COFUND Doctoral Fellowship
and Austrian Science Fund FWF (grant P32166).\r\nWe thank the many volunteers and
friends who have contributed to data collection in the field site over the years,
in particular those who have managed field seasons: Barbora Trubenova, Maria Clara
Melo, Tom Ellis, Eva Cereghetti, Lenka Matejovicova, Beatriz Pablo Carmona. Frederic
Ferrer and Eva Salmerón Mateu have been immensely helpful with logistics at our
informal field station, El Serrat de Planoles. We thank Sean Stankowski for technical
help in\r\nproducing figure 1. This research was also supported by the Scientific
Service Units (SSU) of IST Austria through resources provided by Scientific Computing
(SciComp)."
article_number: iyac083
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Parvathy
full_name: Surendranadh, Parvathy
id: 455235B8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Surendranadh
- first_name: Louise S
full_name: Arathoon, Louise S
id: 2CFCFF98-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Arathoon
orcid: 0000-0003-1771-714X
- first_name: Carina
full_name: Baskett, Carina
id: 3B4A7CE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Baskett
orcid: 0000-0002-7354-8574
- first_name: David
full_name: Field, David
id: 419049E2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Field
orcid: 0000-0002-4014-8478
- first_name: Melinda
full_name: Pickup, Melinda
id: 2C78037E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Pickup
orcid: 0000-0001-6118-0541
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
ama: Surendranadh P, Arathoon LS, Baskett C, Field D, Pickup M, Barton NH. Effects
of fine-scale population structure on the distribution of heterozygosity in a
long-term study of Antirrhinum majus. Genetics. 2022;221(3). doi:10.1093/genetics/iyac083
apa: Surendranadh, P., Arathoon, L. S., Baskett, C., Field, D., Pickup, M., &
Barton, N. H. (2022). Effects of fine-scale population structure on the distribution
of heterozygosity in a long-term study of Antirrhinum majus. Genetics.
Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyac083
chicago: Surendranadh, Parvathy, Louise S Arathoon, Carina Baskett, David Field,
Melinda Pickup, and Nicholas H Barton. “Effects of Fine-Scale Population Structure
on the Distribution of Heterozygosity in a Long-Term Study of Antirrhinum Majus.”
Genetics. Oxford University Press, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyac083.
ieee: P. Surendranadh, L. S. Arathoon, C. Baskett, D. Field, M. Pickup, and N. H.
Barton, “Effects of fine-scale population structure on the distribution of heterozygosity
in a long-term study of Antirrhinum majus,” Genetics, vol. 221, no. 3.
Oxford University Press, 2022.
ista: Surendranadh P, Arathoon LS, Baskett C, Field D, Pickup M, Barton NH. 2022.
Effects of fine-scale population structure on the distribution of heterozygosity
in a long-term study of Antirrhinum majus. Genetics. 221(3), iyac083.
mla: Surendranadh, Parvathy, et al. “Effects of Fine-Scale Population Structure
on the Distribution of Heterozygosity in a Long-Term Study of Antirrhinum Majus.”
Genetics, vol. 221, no. 3, iyac083, Oxford University Press, 2022, doi:10.1093/genetics/iyac083.
short: P. Surendranadh, L.S. Arathoon, C. Baskett, D. Field, M. Pickup, N.H. Barton,
Genetics 221 (2022).
date_created: 2022-05-26T13:44:50Z
date_published: 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-02-21T12:38:33Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '576'
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1093/genetics/iyac083
external_id:
isi:
- '000803735800001'
pmid:
- '35639938'
file:
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checksum: cc2d56deb608bd53c5cc02f03a875107
content_type: application/pdf
creator: larathoo
date_created: 2022-05-26T12:48:15Z
date_updated: 2022-05-26T12:48:15Z
file_id: '11412'
file_name: Manuscript.pdf
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success: 1
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content_type: application/pdf
creator: larathoo
date_created: 2022-05-26T12:48:21Z
date_updated: 2022-05-26T12:48:21Z
file_id: '11413'
file_name: SupplementalMaterial.pdf
file_size: 1401704
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2022-05-26T12:48:21Z
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intvolume: ' 221'
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language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 05959E1C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E
grant_number: P32166
name: The maintenance of alternative adaptive peaks in snapdragons
publication: Genetics
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1943-2631
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
record:
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relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
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relation: research_data
status: public
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relation: research_data
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Effects of fine-scale population structure on the distribution of heterozygosity
in a long-term study of Antirrhinum majus
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 221
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '7400'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Suppressed recombination allows divergence between homologous sex chromosomes
and the functionality of their genes. Here, we reveal patterns of the earliest
stages of sex-chromosome evolution in the diploid dioecious herb Mercurialis annua
on the basis of cytological analysis, de novo genome assembly and annotation,
genetic mapping, exome resequencing of natural populations, and transcriptome
analysis. The genome assembly contained 34,105 expressed genes, of which 10,076
were assigned to linkage groups. Genetic mapping and exome resequencing of individuals
across the species range both identified the largest linkage group, LG1, as the
sex chromosome. Although the sex chromosomes of M. annua are karyotypically homomorphic,
we estimate that about one-third of the Y chromosome, containing 568 transcripts
and spanning 22.3 cM in the corresponding female map, has ceased recombining.
Nevertheless, we found limited evidence for Y-chromosome degeneration in terms
of gene loss and pseudogenization, and most X- and Y-linked genes appear to have
diverged in the period subsequent to speciation between M. annua and its sister
species M. huetii, which shares the same sex-determining region. Taken together,
our results suggest that the M. annua Y chromosome has at least two evolutionary
strata: a small old stratum shared with M. huetii, and a more recent larger stratum
that is probably unique to M. annua and that stopped recombining ∼1 MYA. Patterns
of gene expression within the nonrecombining region are consistent with the idea
that sexually antagonistic selection may have played a role in favoring suppressed
recombination.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Paris
full_name: Veltsos, Paris
last_name: Veltsos
- first_name: Kate E.
full_name: Ridout, Kate E.
last_name: Ridout
- first_name: Melissa A
full_name: Toups, Melissa A
id: 4E099E4E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Toups
orcid: 0000-0002-9752-7380
- first_name: Santiago C.
full_name: González-Martínez, Santiago C.
last_name: González-Martínez
- first_name: Aline
full_name: Muyle, Aline
last_name: Muyle
- first_name: Olivier
full_name: Emery, Olivier
last_name: Emery
- first_name: Pasi
full_name: Rastas, Pasi
last_name: Rastas
- first_name: Vojtech
full_name: Hudzieczek, Vojtech
last_name: Hudzieczek
- first_name: Roman
full_name: Hobza, Roman
last_name: Hobza
- first_name: Boris
full_name: Vyskot, Boris
last_name: Vyskot
- first_name: Gabriel A. B.
full_name: Marais, Gabriel A. B.
last_name: Marais
- first_name: Dmitry A.
full_name: Filatov, Dmitry A.
last_name: Filatov
- first_name: John R.
full_name: Pannell, John R.
last_name: Pannell
citation:
ama: Veltsos P, Ridout KE, Toups MA, et al. Early sex-chromosome evolution in the
diploid dioecious plant Mercurialis annua. Genetics. 2019;212(3):815-835.
doi:10.1534/genetics.119.302045
apa: Veltsos, P., Ridout, K. E., Toups, M. A., González-Martínez, S. C., Muyle,
A., Emery, O., … Pannell, J. R. (2019). Early sex-chromosome evolution in the
diploid dioecious plant Mercurialis annua. Genetics. Genetics Society of
America. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.119.302045
chicago: Veltsos, Paris, Kate E. Ridout, Melissa A Toups, Santiago C. González-Martínez,
Aline Muyle, Olivier Emery, Pasi Rastas, et al. “Early Sex-Chromosome Evolution
in the Diploid Dioecious Plant Mercurialis Annua.” Genetics. Genetics Society
of America, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.119.302045.
ieee: P. Veltsos et al., “Early sex-chromosome evolution in the diploid dioecious
plant Mercurialis annua,” Genetics, vol. 212, no. 3. Genetics Society of
America, pp. 815–835, 2019.
ista: Veltsos P, Ridout KE, Toups MA, González-Martínez SC, Muyle A, Emery O, Rastas
P, Hudzieczek V, Hobza R, Vyskot B, Marais GAB, Filatov DA, Pannell JR. 2019.
Early sex-chromosome evolution in the diploid dioecious plant Mercurialis annua.
Genetics. 212(3), 815–835.
mla: Veltsos, Paris, et al. “Early Sex-Chromosome Evolution in the Diploid Dioecious
Plant Mercurialis Annua.” Genetics, vol. 212, no. 3, Genetics Society of
America, 2019, pp. 815–35, doi:10.1534/genetics.119.302045.
short: P. Veltsos, K.E. Ridout, M.A. Toups, S.C. González-Martínez, A. Muyle, O.
Emery, P. Rastas, V. Hudzieczek, R. Hobza, B. Vyskot, G.A.B. Marais, D.A. Filatov,
J.R. Pannell, Genetics 212 (2019) 815–835.
date_created: 2020-01-29T16:15:44Z
date_published: 2019-07-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T14:49:29Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: BeVi
doi: 10.1534/genetics.119.302045
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000474809300015'
pmid:
- '31113811'
intvolume: ' 212'
isi: 1
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.119.302045
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 815-835
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 250BDE62-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '715257'
name: Prevalence and Influence of Sexual Antagonism on Genome Evolution
publication: Genetics
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1943-2631
issn:
- 0016-6731
publication_status: published
publisher: Genetics Society of America
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Early sex-chromosome evolution in the diploid dioecious plant Mercurialis annua
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 212
year: '2019'
...