---
_id: '8955'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Skeletal muscle activity is continuously modulated across physiologic states
    to provide coordination, flexibility and responsiveness to body tasks and external
    inputs. Despite the central role the muscular system plays in facilitating vital
    body functions, the network of brain-muscle interactions required to control hundreds
    of muscles and synchronize their activation in relation to distinct physiologic
    states has not been investigated. Recent approaches have focused on general associations
    between individual brain rhythms and muscle activation during movement tasks.
    However, the specific forms of coupling, the functional network of cortico-muscular
    coordination, and how network structure and dynamics are modulated by autonomic
    regulation across physiologic states remains unknown. To identify and quantify
    the cortico-muscular interaction network and uncover basic features of neuro-autonomic
    control of muscle function, we investigate the coupling between synchronous bursts
    in cortical rhythms and peripheral muscle activation during sleep and wake. Utilizing
    the concept of time delay stability and a novel network physiology approach, we
    find that the brain-muscle network exhibits complex dynamic patterns of communication
    involving multiple brain rhythms across cortical locations and different electromyographic
    frequency bands. Moreover, our results show that during each physiologic state
    the cortico-muscular network is characterized by a specific profile of network
    links strength, where particular brain rhythms play role of main mediators of
    interaction and control. Further, we discover a hierarchical reorganization in
    network structure across physiologic states, with high connectivity and network
    link strength during wake, intermediate during REM and light sleep, and low during
    deep sleep, a sleep-stage stratification that demonstrates a unique association
    between physiologic states and cortico-muscular network structure. The reported
    empirical observations are consistent across individual subjects, indicating universal
    behavior in network structure and dynamics, and high sensitivity of cortico-muscular
    control to changes in autonomic regulation, even at low levels of physical activity
    and muscle tone during sleep. Our findings demonstrate previously unrecognized
    basic principles of brain-muscle network communication and control, and provide
    new perspectives on the regulatory mechanisms of brain dynamics and locomotor
    activation, with potential clinical implications for neurodegenerative, movement
    and sleep disorders, and for developing efficient treatment strategies.
acknowledgement: We acknowledge support from the W. M. Keck Foundation, National Institutes
  of Health (NIH Grant 1R01-HL098437), the US-Israel Binational Science Foundation
  (BSF Grant 2012219), and the Office of Naval Research (ONR Grant 000141010078).
  FL acknowledges support also from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and
  innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 754411.
article_number: '558070'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Rossella
  full_name: Rizzo, Rossella
  last_name: Rizzo
- first_name: Xiyun
  full_name: Zhang, Xiyun
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Jilin W.J.L.
  full_name: Wang, Jilin W.J.L.
  last_name: Wang
- first_name: Fabrizio
  full_name: Lombardi, Fabrizio
  id: A057D288-3E88-11E9-986D-0CF4E5697425
  last_name: Lombardi
  orcid: 0000-0003-2623-5249
- first_name: Plamen Ch
  full_name: Ivanov, Plamen Ch
  last_name: Ivanov
citation:
  ama: Rizzo R, Zhang X, Wang JWJL, Lombardi F, Ivanov PC. Network physiology of cortico–muscular
    interactions. <i>Frontiers in Physiology</i>. 2020;11. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.558070">10.3389/fphys.2020.558070</a>
  apa: Rizzo, R., Zhang, X., Wang, J. W. J. L., Lombardi, F., &#38; Ivanov, P. C.
    (2020). Network physiology of cortico–muscular interactions. <i>Frontiers in Physiology</i>.
    Frontiers. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.558070">https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.558070</a>
  chicago: Rizzo, Rossella, Xiyun Zhang, Jilin W.J.L. Wang, Fabrizio Lombardi, and
    Plamen Ch Ivanov. “Network Physiology of Cortico–Muscular Interactions.” <i>Frontiers
    in Physiology</i>. Frontiers, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.558070">https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.558070</a>.
  ieee: R. Rizzo, X. Zhang, J. W. J. L. Wang, F. Lombardi, and P. C. Ivanov, “Network
    physiology of cortico–muscular interactions,” <i>Frontiers in Physiology</i>,
    vol. 11. Frontiers, 2020.
  ista: Rizzo R, Zhang X, Wang JWJL, Lombardi F, Ivanov PC. 2020. Network physiology
    of cortico–muscular interactions. Frontiers in Physiology. 11, 558070.
  mla: Rizzo, Rossella, et al. “Network Physiology of Cortico–Muscular Interactions.”
    <i>Frontiers in Physiology</i>, vol. 11, 558070, Frontiers, 2020, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.558070">10.3389/fphys.2020.558070</a>.
  short: R. Rizzo, X. Zhang, J.W.J.L. Wang, F. Lombardi, P.C. Ivanov, Frontiers in
    Physiology 11 (2020).
date_created: 2020-12-20T23:01:18Z
date_published: 2020-11-26T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-24T11:00:45Z
day: '26'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: GaTk
doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.558070
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000596849400001'
  pmid:
  - '33324233'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: ef9515b28c5619b7126c0f347958bcb3
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2020-12-21T10:37:50Z
  date_updated: 2020-12-21T10:37:50Z
  file_id: '8961'
  file_name: 2020_Frontiers_Rizzo.pdf
  file_size: 13380030
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2020-12-21T10:37:50Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        11'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '754411'
  name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
publication: Frontiers in Physiology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1664042X
publication_status: published
publisher: Frontiers
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Network physiology of cortico–muscular interactions
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 11
year: '2020'
...