---
_id: '3393'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Unlike unconditionally advantageous “Fisherian” variants that tend to spread
    throughout a species range once introduced anywhere, “bistable” variants, such
    as chromosome translocations, have two alternative stable frequencies, absence
    and (near) fixation. Analogous to populations with Allee effects, bistable variants
    tend to increase locally only once they become sufficiently common, and their
    spread depends on their rate of increase averaged over all frequencies. Several
    proposed manipulations of insect populations, such as using Wolbachia or “engineered
    underdominance” to suppress vector-borne diseases, produce bistable rather than
    Fisherian dynamics. We synthesize and extend theoretical analyses concerning three
    features of their spatial behavior: rate of spread, conditions to initiate spread
    from a localized introduction, and wave stopping caused by variation in population
    densities or dispersal rates. Unlike Fisherian variants, bistable variants tend
    to spread spatially only for particular parameter combinations and initial conditions.
    Wave initiation requires introduction over an extended region, while subsequent
    spatial spread is slower than for Fisherian waves and can easily be halted by
    local spatial inhomogeneities. We present several new results, including robust
    sufficient conditions to initiate (and stop) spread, using a one-parameter cubic
    approximation applicable to several models. The results have both basic and applied
    implications.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Turelli, Michael
  last_name: Turelli
citation:
  ama: 'Barton NH, Turelli M. Spatial waves of advance with bistable dynamics: Cytoplasmic
    and genetic analogues of Allee effects. <i>American Naturalist</i>. 2011;178(3):E48-E75.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/661246">10.1086/661246</a>'
  apa: 'Barton, N. H., &#38; Turelli, M. (2011). Spatial waves of advance with bistable
    dynamics: Cytoplasmic and genetic analogues of Allee effects. <i>American Naturalist</i>.
    The University of Chicago Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/661246">https://doi.org/10.1086/661246</a>'
  chicago: 'Barton, Nicholas H, and Michael Turelli. “Spatial Waves of Advance with
    Bistable Dynamics: Cytoplasmic and Genetic Analogues of Allee Effects.” <i>American
    Naturalist</i>. The University of Chicago Press, 2011. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/661246">https://doi.org/10.1086/661246</a>.'
  ieee: 'N. H. Barton and M. Turelli, “Spatial waves of advance with bistable dynamics:
    Cytoplasmic and genetic analogues of Allee effects,” <i>American Naturalist</i>,
    vol. 178, no. 3. The University of Chicago Press, pp. E48–E75, 2011.'
  ista: 'Barton NH, Turelli M. 2011. Spatial waves of advance with bistable dynamics:
    Cytoplasmic and genetic analogues of Allee effects. American Naturalist. 178(3),
    E48–E75.'
  mla: 'Barton, Nicholas H., and Michael Turelli. “Spatial Waves of Advance with Bistable
    Dynamics: Cytoplasmic and Genetic Analogues of Allee Effects.” <i>American Naturalist</i>,
    vol. 178, no. 3, The University of Chicago Press, 2011, pp. E48–75, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/661246">10.1086/661246</a>.'
  short: N.H. Barton, M. Turelli, American Naturalist 178 (2011) E48–E75.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:05Z
date_published: 2011-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-10-18T08:01:43Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1086/661246
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 7fd22a2ef3321a6fca6a439b3be5d8f4
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: system
  date_created: 2018-12-12T10:08:31Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:11Z
  file_id: '4692'
  file_name: IST-2016-554-v1+1_BartonTurelli2011_copy.pdf
  file_size: 629130
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:11Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       178'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
page: E48 - E75
publication: American Naturalist
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1537-5323
  issn:
  - 0003-0147
publication_status: published
publisher: The University of Chicago Press
publist_id: '3214'
pubrep_id: '554'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Spatial waves of advance with bistable dynamics: Cytoplasmic and genetic analogues
  of Allee effects'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 178
year: '2011'
...
---
_id: '3659'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We develop models of the rates of evolution at sex-linked and autosomal loci
    and of the rates of fixation of chromosomal rearrangements involving sex chromosomes
    and autosomes. We show that the substitution of selectively favorable mutations
    often proceeds more rapidly for X- or Y-linked loci than for the autosomes, provided
    that mutations are recessive or partially recessive on the average. Selection
    acting on a quantitative character is expected to result in similar long-term
    rates of gene substitution for X-linked and autosomal loci, unless there is strong
    directional dominance. Short-term responses to such selection often preferentially
    fix alleles at autosomal loci. The fixation of slightly deleterious alleles by
    random drift and the stochastic turnover of alleles at loci controlling quantitative
    characters under stabilizing selection usually proceed somewhat more slowly at
    sex-linked loci. In contrast, the fixation of underdominant chromosomal rearrangements
    by random genetic drift is faster with sex linkage. Sex-specific selection may
    also differentially favor the fixation of sex-linked rearrangements. These results
    are discussed in relation to genetic and cytological data on species differences.
    We show that the frequently disproportionate effects of the sex chromosomes on
    interspecific inviability or sterility are consistent with the hypothesis that
    the gene differences concerned involve recessive or partially recessive alleles
    fixed by selection. Haldane's rule is readily interpreted in this light. There
    is little evidence for strong effects of the sex chromosomes on quantitative characters
    in interspecific crosses, in accordance with our theoretical results. Thus, the
    evolution of reproductive isolation may not be the byproduct of selective change
    in additively inherited, polygenic traits. Rather, it may be due mainly to the
    fixation of favorable mutations whose effects on fitness reflect locus-specific
    effects on the phenotype. These mutations behave as major genes in the sense of
    contributing the bulk of the genetic variance in the characters that they control
    during the course of the mutations' substitution. The data on the genetics of
    short-term responses to selection in Drosophila are hard to interpret, but, in
    accordance with theory, these responses do not usually seem to involve the X chromosome
    disproportionately. In some groups, there is evidence for a disproportionate role
    of the sex chromosomes in chromosomal changes, but others show no clear pattern.
    Factors that may distort the expectations of the simple models of chromosomal
    evolution are discussed.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Brian
  full_name: Charlesworth, Brian
  last_name: Charlesworth
- first_name: Jerry
  full_name: Coyne, Jerry
  last_name: Coyne
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
  ama: Charlesworth B, Coyne J, Barton NH. The relative rates of evolution of sex
    chromosomes and autosomes. <i>American Naturalist</i>. 1987;130(1):113-146. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1086/284701">10.1086/284701</a>
  apa: Charlesworth, B., Coyne, J., &#38; Barton, N. H. (1987). The relative rates
    of evolution of sex chromosomes and autosomes. <i>American Naturalist</i>. University
    of Chicago Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/284701">https://doi.org/10.1086/284701</a>
  chicago: Charlesworth, Brian, Jerry Coyne, and Nicholas H Barton. “The Relative
    Rates of Evolution of Sex Chromosomes and Autosomes.” <i>American Naturalist</i>.
    University of Chicago Press, 1987. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/284701">https://doi.org/10.1086/284701</a>.
  ieee: B. Charlesworth, J. Coyne, and N. H. Barton, “The relative rates of evolution
    of sex chromosomes and autosomes,” <i>American Naturalist</i>, vol. 130, no. 1.
    University of Chicago Press, pp. 113–146, 1987.
  ista: Charlesworth B, Coyne J, Barton NH. 1987. The relative rates of evolution
    of sex chromosomes and autosomes. American Naturalist. 130(1), 113–146.
  mla: Charlesworth, Brian, et al. “The Relative Rates of Evolution of Sex Chromosomes
    and Autosomes.” <i>American Naturalist</i>, vol. 130, no. 1, University of Chicago
    Press, 1987, pp. 113–46, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/284701">10.1086/284701</a>.
  short: B. Charlesworth, J. Coyne, N.H. Barton, American Naturalist 130 (1987) 113–146.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:04:29Z
date_published: 1987-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-02-04T12:11:20Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1086/284701
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       130'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: ' http://www.jstor.org/stable/2461884'
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 113 - 146
publication: American Naturalist
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1537-5323
  issn:
  - 0003-0147
publication_status: published
publisher: University of Chicago Press
publist_id: '2724'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: The relative rates of evolution of sex chromosomes and autosomes
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 130
year: '1987'
...