[{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","month":"01","isi":1,"publisher":"Springer Nature","pmid":1,"external_id":{"isi":["000591047800005"],"pmid":["33208951"]},"date_published":"2021-01-07T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","issue":"7840","day":"07","page":"96-102","quality_controlled":"1","intvolume":"       589","publication":"Nature","date_updated":"2023-08-04T11:13:08Z","department":[{"_id":"JoCs"}],"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","author":[{"first_name":"Juan F","last_name":"Ramirez Villegas","id":"44B06F76-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Ramirez Villegas, Juan F"},{"first_name":"Michel","last_name":"Besserve","full_name":"Besserve, Michel"},{"first_name":"Yusuke","last_name":"Murayama","full_name":"Murayama, Yusuke"},{"full_name":"Evrard, Henry C.","first_name":"Henry C.","last_name":"Evrard"},{"full_name":"Oeltermann, Axel","first_name":"Axel","last_name":"Oeltermann"},{"full_name":"Logothetis, Nikos K.","last_name":"Logothetis","first_name":"Nikos K."}],"related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-03068-9","relation":"erratum"}]},"volume":589,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The hippocampus has a major role in encoding and consolidating long-term memories, and undergoes plastic changes during sleep1. These changes require precise homeostatic control by subcortical neuromodulatory structures2. The underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon, however, remain unknown. Here, using multi-structure recordings in macaque monkeys, we show that the brainstem transiently modulates hippocampal network events through phasic pontine waves known as pontogeniculooccipital waves (PGO waves). Two physiologically distinct types of PGO wave appear to occur sequentially, selectively influencing high-frequency ripples and low-frequency theta events, respectively. The two types of PGO wave are associated with opposite hippocampal spike-field coupling, prompting periods of high neural synchrony of neural populations during periods of ripple and theta instances. The coupling between PGO waves and ripples, classically associated with distinct sleep stages, supports the notion that a global coordination mechanism of hippocampal sleep dynamics by cholinergic pontine transients may promote systems and synaptic memory consolidation as well as synaptic homeostasis."}],"year":"2021","citation":{"ista":"Ramirez Villegas JF, Besserve M, Murayama Y, Evrard HC, Oeltermann A, Logothetis NK. 2021. Coupling of hippocampal theta and ripples with pontogeniculooccipital waves. Nature. 589(7840), 96–102.","ieee":"J. F. Ramirez Villegas, M. Besserve, Y. Murayama, H. C. Evrard, A. Oeltermann, and N. K. Logothetis, “Coupling of hippocampal theta and ripples with pontogeniculooccipital waves,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 589, no. 7840. Springer Nature, pp. 96–102, 2021.","ama":"Ramirez Villegas JF, Besserve M, Murayama Y, Evrard HC, Oeltermann A, Logothetis NK. Coupling of hippocampal theta and ripples with pontogeniculooccipital waves. <i>Nature</i>. 2021;589(7840):96-102. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2914-4\">10.1038/s41586-020-2914-4</a>","mla":"Ramirez Villegas, Juan F., et al. “Coupling of Hippocampal Theta and Ripples with Pontogeniculooccipital Waves.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 589, no. 7840, Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 96–102, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2914-4\">10.1038/s41586-020-2914-4</a>.","chicago":"Ramirez Villegas, Juan F, Michel Besserve, Yusuke Murayama, Henry C. Evrard, Axel Oeltermann, and Nikos K. Logothetis. “Coupling of Hippocampal Theta and Ripples with Pontogeniculooccipital Waves.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2914-4\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2914-4</a>.","apa":"Ramirez Villegas, J. F., Besserve, M., Murayama, Y., Evrard, H. C., Oeltermann, A., &#38; Logothetis, N. K. (2021). Coupling of hippocampal theta and ripples with pontogeniculooccipital waves. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2914-4\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2914-4</a>","short":"J.F. Ramirez Villegas, M. Besserve, Y. Murayama, H.C. Evrard, A. Oeltermann, N.K. Logothetis, Nature 589 (2021) 96–102."},"_id":"8818","date_created":"2020-11-29T23:01:19Z","article_type":"original","acknowledgement":"We thank O. Eschenko and M. Constantinou for providing feedback on earlier versions of this work, and J. Werner and M. Schnabel for technical support during the development of this study. This research was supported by the Max Planck Society.","publication_identifier":{"issn":["00280836"],"eissn":["14764687"]},"doi":"10.1038/s41586-020-2914-4","scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"None","article_processing_charge":"No","publication_status":"published","title":"Coupling of hippocampal theta and ripples with pontogeniculooccipital waves"},{"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"LifeSc"},{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"Bio"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"10095","relation":"earlier_version","status":"public"}],"link":[{"relation":"press_release","description":"News on IST Webpage","url":"https://ist.ac.at/en/news/stop-and-grow/"}]},"oa":1,"volume":599,"author":[{"first_name":"Lanxin","last_name":"Li","id":"367EF8FA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-5607-272X","full_name":"Li, Lanxin"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-7241-2328","id":"362BF7FE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Verstraeten, Inge","first_name":"Inge","last_name":"Verstraeten"},{"full_name":"Roosjen, Mark","last_name":"Roosjen","first_name":"Mark"},{"full_name":"Takahashi, Koji","first_name":"Koji","last_name":"Takahashi"},{"full_name":"Rodriguez Solovey, Lesia","id":"3922B506-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-7244-7237","last_name":"Rodriguez Solovey","first_name":"Lesia"},{"full_name":"Merrin, Jack","orcid":"0000-0001-5145-4609","id":"4515C308-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Merrin","first_name":"Jack"},{"last_name":"Chen","first_name":"Jian","full_name":"Chen, Jian"},{"full_name":"Shabala, Lana","first_name":"Lana","last_name":"Shabala"},{"full_name":"Smet, Wouter","first_name":"Wouter","last_name":"Smet"},{"last_name":"Ren","first_name":"Hong","full_name":"Ren, Hong"},{"full_name":"Vanneste, Steffen","last_name":"Vanneste","first_name":"Steffen"},{"full_name":"Shabala, Sergey","last_name":"Shabala","first_name":"Sergey"},{"last_name":"De Rybel","first_name":"Bert","full_name":"De Rybel, Bert"},{"full_name":"Weijers, Dolf","first_name":"Dolf","last_name":"Weijers"},{"first_name":"Toshinori","last_name":"Kinoshita","full_name":"Kinoshita, Toshinori"},{"full_name":"Gray, William M.","first_name":"William M.","last_name":"Gray"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-8302-7596","id":"4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Friml, Jiří","first_name":"Jiří","last_name":"Friml"}],"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","department":[{"_id":"JiFr"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"publication":"Nature","date_updated":"2024-10-29T10:22:45Z","ec_funded":1,"intvolume":"       599","title":"Cell surface and intracellular auxin signalling for H<sup>+</sup> fluxes in root growth","publication_status":"published","oa_version":"Preprint","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1038/s41586-021-04037-6","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-266395/v3"}],"scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","acknowledgement":"We thank N. Gnyliukh and L. Hörmayer for technical assistance and N. Paris for sharing PM-Cyto seeds. We gratefully acknowledge the Life Science, Machine Shop and Bioimaging Facilities of IST Austria. This project has received funding from the European Research Council Advanced Grant (ETAP-742985) and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under I 3630-B25 to J.F., the National Institutes of Health (GM067203) to W.M.G., the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO; VIDI-864.13.001), Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO; Odysseus II G0D0515N) and a European Research Council Starting Grant (TORPEDO-714055) to W.S. and B.D.R., the VICI grant (865.14.001) from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research to M.R. and D.W., the Australian Research Council and China National Distinguished Expert Project (WQ20174400441) to S.S., the MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI to K.T. (20K06685) and T.K. (20H05687 and 20H05910), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 665385 and the DOC Fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences to L.L., and the China Scholarship Council to J.C.","publication_identifier":{"issn":["00280836"],"eissn":["14764687"]},"_id":"10223","date_created":"2021-11-07T23:01:25Z","year":"2021","citation":{"short":"L. Li, I. Verstraeten, M. Roosjen, K. Takahashi, L. Rodriguez Solovey, J. Merrin, J. Chen, L. Shabala, W. Smet, H. Ren, S. Vanneste, S. Shabala, B. De Rybel, D. Weijers, T. Kinoshita, W.M. Gray, J. Friml, Nature 599 (2021) 273–277.","chicago":"Li, Lanxin, Inge Verstraeten, Mark Roosjen, Koji Takahashi, Lesia Rodriguez Solovey, Jack Merrin, Jian Chen, et al. “Cell Surface and Intracellular Auxin Signalling for H<sup>+</sup> Fluxes in Root Growth.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04037-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04037-6</a>.","apa":"Li, L., Verstraeten, I., Roosjen, M., Takahashi, K., Rodriguez Solovey, L., Merrin, J., … Friml, J. (2021). Cell surface and intracellular auxin signalling for H<sup>+</sup> fluxes in root growth. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04037-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04037-6</a>","mla":"Li, Lanxin, et al. “Cell Surface and Intracellular Auxin Signalling for H<sup>+</sup> Fluxes in Root Growth.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 599, no. 7884, Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 273–77, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04037-6\">10.1038/s41586-021-04037-6</a>.","ama":"Li L, Verstraeten I, Roosjen M, et al. Cell surface and intracellular auxin signalling for H<sup>+</sup> fluxes in root growth. <i>Nature</i>. 2021;599(7884):273-277. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04037-6\">10.1038/s41586-021-04037-6</a>","ista":"Li L, Verstraeten I, Roosjen M, Takahashi K, Rodriguez Solovey L, Merrin J, Chen J, Shabala L, Smet W, Ren H, Vanneste S, Shabala S, De Rybel B, Weijers D, Kinoshita T, Gray WM, Friml J. 2021. Cell surface and intracellular auxin signalling for H<sup>+</sup> fluxes in root growth. Nature. 599(7884), 273–277.","ieee":"L. Li <i>et al.</i>, “Cell surface and intracellular auxin signalling for H<sup>+</sup> fluxes in root growth,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 599, no. 7884. Springer Nature, pp. 273–277, 2021."},"abstract":[{"text":"Growth regulation tailors development in plants to their environment. A prominent example of this is the response to gravity, in which shoots bend up and roots bend down1. This paradox is based on opposite effects of the phytohormone auxin, which promotes cell expansion in shoots while inhibiting it in roots via a yet unknown cellular mechanism2. Here, by combining microfluidics, live imaging, genetic engineering and phosphoproteomics in Arabidopsis thaliana, we advance understanding of how auxin inhibits root growth. We show that auxin activates two distinct, antagonistically acting signalling pathways that converge on rapid regulation of apoplastic pH, a causative determinant of growth. Cell surface-based TRANSMEMBRANE KINASE1 (TMK1) interacts with and mediates phosphorylation and activation of plasma membrane H+-ATPases for apoplast acidification, while intracellular canonical auxin signalling promotes net cellular H+ influx, causing apoplast alkalinization. Simultaneous activation of these two counteracting mechanisms poises roots for rapid, fine-tuned growth modulation in navigating complex soil environments.","lang":"eng"}],"date_published":"2021-11-11T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"isi":["000713338100006"],"pmid":["34707283"]},"type":"journal_article","publisher":"Springer Nature","pmid":1,"month":"11","isi":1,"status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Multidisciplinary"],"quality_controlled":"1","page":"273-277","day":"11","issue":"7884","project":[{"grant_number":"742985","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Tracing Evolution of Auxin Transport and Polarity in Plants","_id":"261099A6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"I03630","name":"Molecular mechanisms of endocytic cargo recognition in plants","_id":"26538374-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"grant_number":"665385","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"International IST Doctoral Program"},{"name":"A Case Study of Plant Growth Regulation: Molecular Mechanism of Auxin-mediated Rapid Growth Inhibition in Arabidopsis Root","_id":"26B4D67E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"25351"}]},{"citation":{"mla":"Reversat, Anne, et al. “Cellular Locomotion Using Environmental Topography.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 582, Springer Nature, 2020, pp. 582–585, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2283-z\">10.1038/s41586-020-2283-z</a>.","short":"A. Reversat, F.R. Gärtner, J. Merrin, J.A. Stopp, S. Tasciyan, J.L. Aguilera Servin, I. de Vries, R. Hauschild, M. Hons, M. Piel, A. Callan-Jones, R. Voituriez, M.K. Sixt, Nature 582 (2020) 582–585.","apa":"Reversat, A., Gärtner, F. R., Merrin, J., Stopp, J. A., Tasciyan, S., Aguilera Servin, J. L., … Sixt, M. K. (2020). Cellular locomotion using environmental topography. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2283-z\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2283-z</a>","chicago":"Reversat, Anne, Florian R Gärtner, Jack Merrin, Julian A Stopp, Saren Tasciyan, Juan L Aguilera Servin, Ingrid de Vries, et al. “Cellular Locomotion Using Environmental Topography.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2283-z\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2283-z</a>.","ama":"Reversat A, Gärtner FR, Merrin J, et al. Cellular locomotion using environmental topography. <i>Nature</i>. 2020;582:582–585. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2283-z\">10.1038/s41586-020-2283-z</a>","ieee":"A. Reversat <i>et al.</i>, “Cellular locomotion using environmental topography,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 582. Springer Nature, pp. 582–585, 2020.","ista":"Reversat A, Gärtner FR, Merrin J, Stopp JA, Tasciyan S, Aguilera Servin JL, de Vries I, Hauschild R, Hons M, Piel M, Callan-Jones A, Voituriez R, Sixt MK. 2020. Cellular locomotion using environmental topography. Nature. 582, 582–585."},"year":"2020","abstract":[{"text":"Eukaryotic cells migrate by coupling the intracellular force of the actin cytoskeleton to the environment. While force coupling is usually mediated by transmembrane adhesion receptors, especially those of the integrin family, amoeboid cells such as leukocytes can migrate extremely fast despite very low adhesive forces1. Here we show that leukocytes cannot only migrate under low adhesion but can also transmit forces in the complete absence of transmembrane force coupling. When confined within three-dimensional environments, they use the topographical features of the substrate to propel themselves. Here the retrograde flow of the actin cytoskeleton follows the texture of the substrate, creating retrograde shear forces that are sufficient to drive the cell body forwards. Notably, adhesion-dependent and adhesion-independent migration are not mutually exclusive, but rather are variants of the same principle of coupling retrograde actin flow to the environment and thus can potentially operate interchangeably and simultaneously. As adhesion-free migration is independent of the chemical composition of the environment, it renders cells completely autonomous in their locomotive behaviour.","lang":"eng"}],"date_created":"2020-05-24T22:01:01Z","_id":"7885","scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1038/s41586-020-2283-z","acknowledgement":"We thank A. Leithner and J. Renkawitz for discussion and critical reading of the manuscript; J. Schwarz and M. Mehling for establishing the microfluidic setups; the Bioimaging Facility of IST Austria for excellent support, as well as the Life Science Facility and the Miba Machine Shop of IST Austria; and F. N. Arslan, L. E. Burnett and L. Li for their work during their rotation in the IST PhD programme. This work was supported by the European Research Council (ERC StG 281556 and CoG 724373) to M.S. and grants from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF P29911) and the WWTF to M.S. M.H. was supported by the European Regional Development Fund Project (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/0000476). F.G. received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 747687.","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["14764687"],"issn":["00280836"]},"article_type":"original","publication_status":"published","title":"Cellular locomotion using environmental topography","article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"None","intvolume":"       582","department":[{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"MiSi"}],"date_updated":"2024-03-25T23:30:12Z","ec_funded":1,"publication":"Nature","author":[{"last_name":"Reversat","first_name":"Anne","full_name":"Reversat, Anne","id":"35B76592-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-0666-8928"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-6120-3723","id":"397A88EE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Gärtner, Florian R","first_name":"Florian R","last_name":"Gärtner"},{"last_name":"Merrin","first_name":"Jack","full_name":"Merrin, Jack","orcid":"0000-0001-5145-4609","id":"4515C308-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"489E3F00-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Stopp, Julian A","first_name":"Julian A","last_name":"Stopp"},{"first_name":"Saren","last_name":"Tasciyan","orcid":"0000-0003-1671-393X","id":"4323B49C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Tasciyan, Saren"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-2862-8372","id":"2A67C376-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Aguilera Servin, Juan L","first_name":"Juan L","last_name":"Aguilera Servin"},{"last_name":"De Vries","first_name":"Ingrid","full_name":"De Vries, Ingrid","id":"4C7D837E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Hauschild","first_name":"Robert","full_name":"Hauschild, Robert","orcid":"0000-0001-9843-3522","id":"4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"4167FE56-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-6625-3348","full_name":"Hons, Miroslav","first_name":"Miroslav","last_name":"Hons"},{"full_name":"Piel, Matthieu","last_name":"Piel","first_name":"Matthieu"},{"full_name":"Callan-Jones, Andrew","last_name":"Callan-Jones","first_name":"Andrew"},{"last_name":"Voituriez","first_name":"Raphael","full_name":"Voituriez, Raphael"},{"full_name":"Sixt, Michael K","id":"41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-6620-9179","last_name":"Sixt","first_name":"Michael K"}],"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"LifeSc"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"volume":582,"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"14697"},{"id":"12401","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"}],"link":[{"url":"https://ist.ac.at/en/news/off-road-mode-enables-mobile-cells-to-move-freely/","relation":"press_release","description":"News on IST Homepage"}]},"project":[{"name":"Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes","_id":"25A603A2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7","grant_number":"281556"},{"grant_number":"724373","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"25FE9508-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Cellular navigation along spatial gradients"},{"grant_number":"P29911","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Mechanical adaptation of lamellipodial actin","_id":"26018E70-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"grant_number":"747687","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"260AA4E2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Mechanical Adaptation of Lamellipodial Actin Networks in Migrating Cells"}],"page":"582–585","day":"25","quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"isi":1,"month":"06","status":"public","publisher":"Springer Nature","type":"journal_article","date_published":"2020-06-25T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"isi":["000532688300008"]}},{"intvolume":"       568","arxiv":1,"date_updated":"2023-08-25T10:15:25Z","publication":"Nature","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","author":[{"last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","first_name":"Alfredo R","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860","id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Sedlmeir","first_name":"Florian","full_name":"Sedlmeir, Florian"},{"full_name":"Kumari, Madhuri","last_name":"Kumari","first_name":"Madhuri"},{"full_name":"Leuchs, Gerd","first_name":"Gerd","last_name":"Leuchs"},{"full_name":"Schwefel, Harald G.L.","first_name":"Harald G.L.","last_name":"Schwefel"}],"volume":568,"related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1220-5","relation":"erratum"}]},"oa":1,"abstract":[{"text":"High-speed optical telecommunication is enabled by wavelength-division multiplexing, whereby hundreds of individually stabilized lasers encode information within a single-mode optical fibre. Higher bandwidths require higher total optical power, but the power sent into the fibre is limited by optical nonlinearities within the fibre, and energy consumption by the light sources starts to become a substantial cost factor1. Optical frequency combs have been suggested to remedy this problem by generating numerous discrete, equidistant laser lines within a monolithic device; however, at present their stability and coherence allow them to operate only within small parameter ranges2,3,4. Here we show that a broadband frequency comb realized through the electro-optic effect within a high-quality whispering-gallery-mode resonator can operate at low microwave and optical powers. Unlike the usual third-order Kerr nonlinear optical frequency combs, our combs rely on the second-order nonlinear effect, which is much more efficient. Our result uses a fixed microwave signal that is mixed with an optical-pump signal to generate a coherent frequency comb with a precisely determined carrier separation. The resonant enhancement enables us to work with microwave powers that are three orders of magnitude lower than those in commercially available devices. We emphasize the practical relevance of our results to high rates of data communication. To circumvent the limitations imposed by nonlinear effects in optical communication fibres, one has to solve two problems: to provide a compact and fully integrated, yet high-quality and coherent, frequency comb generator; and to calculate nonlinear signal propagation in real time5. We report a solution to the first problem.","lang":"eng"}],"citation":{"mla":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R., et al. “Resonant Electro-Optic Frequency Comb.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 568, no. 7752, Springer Nature, 2019, pp. 378–81, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1110-x\">10.1038/s41586-019-1110-x</a>.","chicago":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R, Florian Sedlmeir, Madhuri Kumari, Gerd Leuchs, and Harald G.L. Schwefel. “Resonant Electro-Optic Frequency Comb.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2019. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1110-x\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1110-x</a>.","apa":"Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Sedlmeir, F., Kumari, M., Leuchs, G., &#38; Schwefel, H. G. L. (2019). Resonant electro-optic frequency comb. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1110-x\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1110-x</a>","short":"A.R. Rueda Sanchez, F. Sedlmeir, M. Kumari, G. Leuchs, H.G.L. Schwefel, Nature 568 (2019) 378–381.","ama":"Rueda Sanchez AR, Sedlmeir F, Kumari M, Leuchs G, Schwefel HGL. Resonant electro-optic frequency comb. <i>Nature</i>. 2019;568(7752):378-381. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1110-x\">10.1038/s41586-019-1110-x</a>","ista":"Rueda Sanchez AR, Sedlmeir F, Kumari M, Leuchs G, Schwefel HGL. 2019. Resonant electro-optic frequency comb. Nature. 568(7752), 378–381.","ieee":"A. R. Rueda Sanchez, F. Sedlmeir, M. Kumari, G. Leuchs, and H. G. L. Schwefel, “Resonant electro-optic frequency comb,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 568, no. 7752. Springer Nature, pp. 378–381, 2019."},"year":"2019","date_created":"2019-04-28T21:59:13Z","_id":"6348","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["14764687"],"issn":["00280836"]},"scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1038/s41586-019-1110-x","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.10608","open_access":"1"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Preprint","title":"Resonant electro-optic frequency comb","publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","isi":1,"month":"04","publisher":"Springer Nature","type":"journal_article","external_id":{"arxiv":["1808.10608"],"isi":["000464950700053"]},"date_published":"2019-04-18T00:00:00Z","issue":"7752","day":"18","page":"378-381","quality_controlled":"1"},{"article_type":"original","publication_identifier":{"issn":["00280836"],"eissn":["14764687"]},"doi":"10.1038/s41586-019-1212-5","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6986928"}],"scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Submitted Version","article_processing_charge":"No","title":"Tracing the origin of adult intestinal stem cells","publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"text":"Adult intestinal stem cells are located at the bottom of crypts of Lieberkühn, where they express markers such as LGR5 1,2 and fuel the constant replenishment of the intestinal epithelium1. Although fetal LGR5-expressing cells can give rise to adult intestinal stem cells3,4, it remains unclear whether this population in the patterned epithelium represents unique intestinal stem-cell precursors. Here we show, using unbiased quantitative lineage-tracing approaches, biophysical modelling and intestinal transplantation, that all cells of the mouse intestinal epithelium—irrespective of their location and pattern of LGR5 expression in the fetal gut tube—contribute actively to the adult intestinal stem cell pool. Using 3D imaging, we find that during fetal development the villus undergoes gross remodelling and fission. This brings epithelial cells from the non-proliferative villus into the proliferative intervillus region, which enables them to contribute to the adult stem-cell niche. Our results demonstrate that large-scale remodelling of the intestinal wall and cell-fate specification are closely linked. Moreover, these findings provide a direct link between the observed plasticity and cellular reprogramming of differentiating cells in adult tissues following damage5,6,7,8,9, revealing that stem-cell identity is an induced rather than a hardwired property.","lang":"eng"}],"year":"2019","citation":{"chicago":"Guiu, Jordi, Edouard B Hannezo, Shiro Yui, Samuel Demharter, Svetlana Ulyanchenko, Martti Maimets, Anne Jørgensen, et al. “Tracing the Origin of Adult Intestinal Stem Cells.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2019. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1212-5\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1212-5</a>.","short":"J. Guiu, E.B. Hannezo, S. Yui, S. Demharter, S. Ulyanchenko, M. Maimets, A. Jørgensen, S. Perlman, L. Lundvall, L.S. Mamsen, A. Larsen, R.H. Olesen, C.Y. Andersen, L.L. Thuesen, K.J. Hare, T.H. Pers, K. Khodosevich, B.D. Simons, K.B. Jensen, Nature 570 (2019) 107–111.","apa":"Guiu, J., Hannezo, E. B., Yui, S., Demharter, S., Ulyanchenko, S., Maimets, M., … Jensen, K. B. (2019). Tracing the origin of adult intestinal stem cells. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1212-5\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1212-5</a>","mla":"Guiu, Jordi, et al. “Tracing the Origin of Adult Intestinal Stem Cells.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 570, Springer Nature, 2019, pp. 107–11, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1212-5\">10.1038/s41586-019-1212-5</a>.","ama":"Guiu J, Hannezo EB, Yui S, et al. Tracing the origin of adult intestinal stem cells. <i>Nature</i>. 2019;570:107-111. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1212-5\">10.1038/s41586-019-1212-5</a>","ista":"Guiu J, Hannezo EB, Yui S, Demharter S, Ulyanchenko S, Maimets M, Jørgensen A, Perlman S, Lundvall L, Mamsen LS, Larsen A, Olesen RH, Andersen CY, Thuesen LL, Hare KJ, Pers TH, Khodosevich K, Simons BD, Jensen KB. 2019. Tracing the origin of adult intestinal stem cells. Nature. 570, 107–111.","ieee":"J. Guiu <i>et al.</i>, “Tracing the origin of adult intestinal stem cells,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 570. Springer Nature, pp. 107–111, 2019."},"_id":"6513","date_created":"2019-06-02T21:59:14Z","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","author":[{"first_name":"Jordi","last_name":"Guiu","full_name":"Guiu, Jordi"},{"full_name":"Hannezo, Edouard B","orcid":"0000-0001-6005-1561","id":"3A9DB764-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hannezo","first_name":"Edouard B"},{"full_name":"Yui, Shiro","last_name":"Yui","first_name":"Shiro"},{"last_name":"Demharter","first_name":"Samuel","full_name":"Demharter, Samuel"},{"last_name":"Ulyanchenko","first_name":"Svetlana","full_name":"Ulyanchenko, Svetlana"},{"full_name":"Maimets, Martti","first_name":"Martti","last_name":"Maimets"},{"first_name":"Anne","last_name":"Jørgensen","full_name":"Jørgensen, Anne"},{"last_name":"Perlman","first_name":"Signe","full_name":"Perlman, Signe"},{"full_name":"Lundvall, Lene","first_name":"Lene","last_name":"Lundvall"},{"last_name":"Mamsen","first_name":"Linn Salto","full_name":"Mamsen, Linn Salto"},{"full_name":"Larsen, Agnete","last_name":"Larsen","first_name":"Agnete"},{"first_name":"Rasmus H.","last_name":"Olesen","full_name":"Olesen, Rasmus H."},{"full_name":"Andersen, Claus Yding","first_name":"Claus Yding","last_name":"Andersen"},{"full_name":"Thuesen, Lea Langhoff","first_name":"Lea Langhoff","last_name":"Thuesen"},{"full_name":"Hare, Kristine Juul","first_name":"Kristine Juul","last_name":"Hare"},{"full_name":"Pers, Tune H.","first_name":"Tune H.","last_name":"Pers"},{"last_name":"Khodosevich","first_name":"Konstantin","full_name":"Khodosevich, Konstantin"},{"full_name":"Simons, Benjamin D.","last_name":"Simons","first_name":"Benjamin D."},{"full_name":"Jensen, Kim B.","first_name":"Kim B.","last_name":"Jensen"}],"oa":1,"volume":570,"intvolume":"       570","publication":"Nature","date_updated":"2023-08-28T09:30:23Z","department":[{"_id":"EdHa"}],"day":"06","page":"107-111","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Springer Nature","pmid":1,"external_id":{"pmid":["31092921"],"isi":["000470149000048"]},"date_published":"2019-06-06T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","month":"06","isi":1},{"month":"08","isi":1,"status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"ddc":["000"],"external_id":{"isi":["000482219600045"]},"date_published":"2019-08-22T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","publisher":"Springer Nature","issue":"7770","has_accepted_license":"1","project":[{"grant_number":"279307","call_identifier":"FP7","_id":"2581B60A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Quantitative Graph Games: Theory and Applications"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"S 11407_N23","_id":"25832EC2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Rigorous Systems Engineering"},{"call_identifier":"FP7","grant_number":"291734","_id":"25681D80-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"International IST Postdoc Fellowship Programme"}],"quality_controlled":"1","page":"524-527","day":"22","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publication":"Nature","ec_funded":1,"date_updated":"2023-08-29T07:42:54Z","intvolume":"       572","oa":1,"related_material":{"link":[{"description":"News on IST Homepage","relation":"press_release","url":"https://ist.ac.at/en/news/too-much-inequality-impedes-support-for-public-goods-according-to-research-published-in-nature/"}]},"volume":572,"author":[{"first_name":"Oliver P.","last_name":"Hauser","full_name":"Hauser, Oliver P."},{"id":"2FDF8F3C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-5116-955X","full_name":"Hilbe, Christian","first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Hilbe"},{"full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Chatterjee","first_name":"Krishnendu"},{"last_name":"Nowak","first_name":"Martin A.","full_name":"Nowak, Martin A."}],"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","_id":"6836","file":[{"file_name":"2019_Nature_Hauser.pdf","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:42Z","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2020-05-14T10:00:32Z","file_size":18577756,"creator":"dernst","file_id":"7828","content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"a6e0e3168bf62de624e7772cdfaeb26f"}],"date_created":"2019-09-01T22:00:56Z","year":"2019","citation":{"chicago":"Hauser, Oliver P., Christian Hilbe, Krishnendu Chatterjee, and Martin A. Nowak. “Social Dilemmas among Unequals.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2019. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1488-5\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1488-5</a>.","short":"O.P. Hauser, C. Hilbe, K. Chatterjee, M.A. Nowak, Nature 572 (2019) 524–527.","apa":"Hauser, O. P., Hilbe, C., Chatterjee, K., &#38; Nowak, M. A. (2019). Social dilemmas among unequals. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1488-5\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1488-5</a>","mla":"Hauser, Oliver P., et al. “Social Dilemmas among Unequals.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 572, no. 7770, Springer Nature, 2019, pp. 524–27, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1488-5\">10.1038/s41586-019-1488-5</a>.","ista":"Hauser OP, Hilbe C, Chatterjee K, Nowak MA. 2019. Social dilemmas among unequals. Nature. 572(7770), 524–527.","ieee":"O. P. Hauser, C. Hilbe, K. Chatterjee, and M. A. Nowak, “Social dilemmas among unequals,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 572, no. 7770. Springer Nature, pp. 524–527, 2019.","ama":"Hauser OP, Hilbe C, Chatterjee K, Nowak MA. Social dilemmas among unequals. <i>Nature</i>. 2019;572(7770):524-527. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1488-5\">10.1038/s41586-019-1488-5</a>"},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Direct reciprocity is a powerful mechanism for the evolution of cooperation on the basis of repeated interactions1,2,3,4. It requires that interacting individuals are sufficiently equal, such that everyone faces similar consequences when they cooperate or defect. Yet inequality is ubiquitous among humans5,6 and is generally considered to undermine cooperation and welfare7,8,9,10. Most previous models of reciprocity do not include inequality11,12,13,14,15. These models assume that individuals are the same in all relevant aspects. Here we introduce a general framework to study direct reciprocity among unequal individuals. Our model allows for multiple sources of inequality. Subjects can differ in their endowments, their productivities and in how much they benefit from public goods. We find that extreme inequality prevents cooperation. But if subjects differ in productivity, some endowment inequality can be necessary for cooperation to prevail. Our mathematical predictions are supported by a behavioural experiment in which we vary the endowments and productivities of the subjects. We observe that overall welfare is maximized when the two sources of heterogeneity are aligned, such that more productive individuals receive higher endowments. By contrast, when endowments and productivities are misaligned, cooperation quickly breaks down. Our findings have implications for policy-makers concerned with equity, efficiency and the provisioning of public goods."}],"publication_status":"published","title":"Social dilemmas among unequals","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:42Z","article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Submitted Version","doi":"10.1038/s41586-019-1488-5","scopus_import":"1","article_type":"letter_note","publication_identifier":{"issn":["00280836"],"eissn":["14764687"]}}]