---
_id: '10166'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: While sexual reproduction is widespread among many taxa, asexual lineages
have repeatedly evolved from sexual ancestors. Despite extensive research on the
evolution of sex, it is still unclear whether this switch represents a major transition
requiring major molecular reorganization, and how convergent the changes involved
are. In this study, we investigated the phylogenetic relationship and patterns
of gene expression of sexual and asexual lineages of Eurasian Artemia brine shrimp,
to assess how gene expression patterns are affected by the transition to asexuality.
We find only a few genes that are consistently associated with the evolution of
asexuality, suggesting that this shift may not require an extensive overhauling
of the meiotic machinery. While genes with sex-biased expression have high rates
of expression divergence within Eurasian Artemia, neither female- nor male-biased
genes appear to show unusual evolutionary patterns after sexuality is lost, contrary
to theoretical expectations.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: ScienComp
acknowledgement: We thank the Vicoso laboratory, Thomas Lenormand and Tanja Schwander
for helpful discussions, the group of Gonzalo Gajardo, especially Cristian Gallardo-Escárate
and Margarita Parraguez Donoso, for sequencing data and advice, and the IST Scientific
Computing Group for their support. This work was supported by the European Research
Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
(grant agreement no. 715257).
article_number: '20211720'
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Ann K
full_name: Huylmans, Ann K
id: 4C0A3874-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Huylmans
orcid: 0000-0001-8871-4961
- first_name: Ariana
full_name: Macon, Ariana
id: 2A0848E2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Macon
- first_name: Francisco
full_name: Hontoria, Francisco
last_name: Hontoria
- first_name: Beatriz
full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz
id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Vicoso
orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306
citation:
ama: 'Huylmans AK, Macon A, Hontoria F, Vicoso B. Transitions to asexuality and
evolution of gene expression in Artemia brine shrimp. Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences. 2021;288(1959). doi:10.1098/rspb.2021.1720'
apa: 'Huylmans, A. K., Macon, A., Hontoria, F., & Vicoso, B. (2021). Transitions
to asexuality and evolution of gene expression in Artemia brine shrimp. Proceedings
of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. The Royal Society. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.1720'
chicago: 'Huylmans, Ann K, Ariana Macon, Francisco Hontoria, and Beatriz Vicoso.
“Transitions to Asexuality and Evolution of Gene Expression in Artemia Brine Shrimp.”
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. The Royal Society,
2021. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.1720.'
ieee: 'A. K. Huylmans, A. Macon, F. Hontoria, and B. Vicoso, “Transitions to asexuality
and evolution of gene expression in Artemia brine shrimp,” Proceedings of the
Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol. 288, no. 1959. The Royal Society,
2021.'
ista: 'Huylmans AK, Macon A, Hontoria F, Vicoso B. 2021. Transitions to asexuality
and evolution of gene expression in Artemia brine shrimp. Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences. 288(1959), 20211720.'
mla: 'Huylmans, Ann K., et al. “Transitions to Asexuality and Evolution of Gene
Expression in Artemia Brine Shrimp.” Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological
Sciences, vol. 288, no. 1959, 20211720, The Royal Society, 2021, doi:10.1098/rspb.2021.1720.'
short: 'A.K. Huylmans, A. Macon, F. Hontoria, B. Vicoso, Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences 288 (2021).'
date_created: 2021-10-21T07:46:06Z
date_published: 2021-09-22T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-02-21T12:40:29Z
day: '22'
ddc:
- '595'
department:
- _id: BeVi
doi: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1720
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000697643700001'
pmid:
- '34547909'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 76e7f253b7040bca2ad76f82bd7c45c0
content_type: application/pdf
creator: cchlebak
date_created: 2021-10-22T11:48:02Z
date_updated: 2021-10-22T11:48:02Z
file_id: '10172'
file_name: 2021_ProRoSocBBioSci_Huylmans.pdf
file_size: 995806
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-10-22T11:48:02Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 288'
isi: 1
issue: '1959'
keyword:
- asexual reproduction
- parthenogenesis
- sex-biased genes
- sexual conflict
- automixis
- crustaceans
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 250BDE62-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '715257'
name: Prevalence and Influence of Sexual Antagonism on Genome Evolution
publication: 'Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences'
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1471-2954
issn:
- 0962-8452
publication_status: published
publisher: The Royal Society
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- relation: supplementary_material
url: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5615488.v1
record:
- id: '9949'
relation: research_data
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Transitions to asexuality and evolution of gene expression in Artemia brine
shrimp
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 288
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '1993'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'The fitness effects of symbionts on their hosts can be context-dependent,
with usually benign symbionts causing detrimental effects when their hosts are
stressed, or typically parasitic symbionts providing protection towards their
hosts (e.g. against pathogen infection). Here, we studied the novel association
between the invasive garden ant Lasius neglectus and its fungal ectosymbiont Laboulbenia
formicarum for potential costs and benefits. We tested ants with different Laboulbenia
levels for their survival and immunity under resource limitation and exposure
to the obligate killing entomopathogen Metarhizium brunneum. While survival of
L. neglectus workers under starvation was significantly decreased with increasing
Laboulbenia levels, host survival under Metarhizium exposure increased with higher
levels of the ectosymbiont, suggesting a symbiont-mediated anti-pathogen protection,
which seems to be driven mechanistically by both improved sanitary behaviours
and an upregulated immune system. Ants with high Laboulbenia levels showed significantly
longer self-grooming and elevated expression of immune genes relevant for wound
repair and antifungal responses (β-1,3-glucan binding protein, Prophenoloxidase),
compared with ants carrying low Laboulbenia levels. This suggests that the ectosymbiont
Laboulbenia formicarum weakens its ant host by either direct resource exploitation
or the costs of an upregulated behavioural and immunological response, which,
however, provides a prophylactic protection upon later exposure to pathogens. '
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: EM-Fac
acknowledgement: "Funding was obtained by the German Research Foundation (CR 118–2)
and an ERC StG (243071) by the European Research Council (both to S.C.).\r\nWe thank
Line V. Ugelvig for help with ant collection and statistical discussion, Xavier
Espadaler for detailed information on the ant collection site, Birgit Lautenschläger
for the electron microscopy images and Eva Sixt for ant drawings. We further thank
Jørgen Eilenberg for the fungal strain, Meghan L. Vyleta for genetic strain characterization
and immune gene primer development, Paul Schmid-Hempel for discussion, and Line
V. Ugelvig, Xavier Espadaler and Christopher D. Pull for comments on the manuscript.
S.C., M.K. and S.T. conceived the study; M.K. and A.V.G. performed the experiments;
M.K. performed the statistical analysis; S.C. and M.K. wrote the manuscript with
intense contributions of A.V.G. and S.T.; all authors approved the manuscript."
article_number: '20141976'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Matthias
full_name: Konrad, Matthias
id: 46528076-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Konrad
- first_name: Anna V
full_name: Grasse, Anna V
id: 406F989C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Grasse
- first_name: Simon
full_name: Tragust, Simon
id: 35A7A418-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Tragust
- first_name: Sylvia
full_name: Cremer, Sylvia
id: 2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Cremer
orcid: 0000-0002-2193-3868
citation:
ama: Konrad M, Grasse AV, Tragust S, Cremer S. Anti-pathogen protection versus survival
costs mediated by an ectosymbiont in an ant host. Proceedings of the Royal
Society of London Series B Biological Sciences. 2015;282(1799). doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.1976
apa: Konrad, M., Grasse, A. V., Tragust, S., & Cremer, S. (2015). Anti-pathogen
protection versus survival costs mediated by an ectosymbiont in an ant host. Proceedings
of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences. The Royal Society.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1976
chicago: Konrad, Matthias, Anna V Grasse, Simon Tragust, and Sylvia Cremer. “Anti-Pathogen
Protection versus Survival Costs Mediated by an Ectosymbiont in an Ant Host.”
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences.
The Royal Society, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1976.
ieee: M. Konrad, A. V. Grasse, S. Tragust, and S. Cremer, “Anti-pathogen protection
versus survival costs mediated by an ectosymbiont in an ant host,” Proceedings
of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, vol. 282, no.
1799. The Royal Society, 2015.
ista: Konrad M, Grasse AV, Tragust S, Cremer S. 2015. Anti-pathogen protection versus
survival costs mediated by an ectosymbiont in an ant host. Proceedings of the
Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences. 282(1799), 20141976.
mla: Konrad, Matthias, et al. “Anti-Pathogen Protection versus Survival Costs Mediated
by an Ectosymbiont in an Ant Host.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
Series B Biological Sciences, vol. 282, no. 1799, 20141976, The Royal Society,
2015, doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.1976.
short: M. Konrad, A.V. Grasse, S. Tragust, S. Cremer, Proceedings of the Royal Society
of London Series B Biological Sciences 282 (2015).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:55:06Z
date_published: 2015-01-22T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-02-23T14:06:41Z
day: '22'
department:
- _id: SyCr
doi: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1976
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
pmid:
- '25473011'
intvolume: ' 282'
issue: '1799'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4286035/
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 25DC711C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '243071'
name: 'Social Vaccination in Ant Colonies: from Individual Mechanisms to Society
Effects'
- _id: 25DAF0B2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: CR-118/3-1
name: Host-Parasite Coevolution
publication: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1471-2954
issn:
- 0962-8452
publication_status: published
publisher: The Royal Society
publist_id: '5090'
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
record:
- id: '9740'
relation: research_data
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Anti-pathogen protection versus survival costs mediated by an ectosymbiont
in an ant host
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 282
year: '2015'
...
---
_id: '2853'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: High relatedness among interacting individuals has generally been considered
a precondition for the evolution of altruism. However, kin-selection theory also
predicts the evolution of altruism when relatedness is low, as long as the cost
of the altruistic act is minor compared with its benefit. Here, we demonstrate
evidence for a low-cost altruistic act in bacteria. We investigated Escherichia
coli responding to the attack of an obligately lytic phage by committing suicide
in order to prevent parasite transmission to nearby relatives. We found that bacterial
suicide provides large benefits to survivors at marginal costs to committers.
The cost of suicide was low, because infected cells are moribund, rapidly dying
upon phage infection, such that no more opportunity for reproduction remains.
As a consequence of its marginal cost, host suicide was selectively favoured even
when relatedness between committers and survivors approached zero. Altogether,
our findings demonstrate that low-cost suicide can evolve with ease, represents
an effective host-defence strategy, and seems to be widespread among microbes.
Moreover, low-cost suicide might also occur in higher organisms as exemplified
by infected social insect workers leaving the colony to die in isolation.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Dominik
full_name: Refardt, Dominik
last_name: Refardt
- first_name: Tobias
full_name: Bergmiller, Tobias
id: 2C471CFA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Bergmiller
orcid: 0000-0001-5396-4346
- first_name: Rolf
full_name: Kümmerli, Rolf
last_name: Kümmerli
citation:
ama: 'Refardt D, Bergmiller T, Kümmerli R. Altruism can evolve when relatedness
is low: Evidence from bacteria committing suicide upon phage infection. Proceedings
of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences. 2013;280(1759).
doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.3035'
apa: 'Refardt, D., Bergmiller, T., & Kümmerli, R. (2013). Altruism can evolve
when relatedness is low: Evidence from bacteria committing suicide upon phage
infection. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences.
The Royal Society. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.3035'
chicago: 'Refardt, Dominik, Tobias Bergmiller, and Rolf Kümmerli. “Altruism Can
Evolve When Relatedness Is Low: Evidence from Bacteria Committing Suicide upon
Phage Infection.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological
Sciences. The Royal Society, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.3035.'
ieee: 'D. Refardt, T. Bergmiller, and R. Kümmerli, “Altruism can evolve when relatedness
is low: Evidence from bacteria committing suicide upon phage infection,” Proceedings
of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, vol. 280, no.
1759. The Royal Society, 2013.'
ista: 'Refardt D, Bergmiller T, Kümmerli R. 2013. Altruism can evolve when relatedness
is low: Evidence from bacteria committing suicide upon phage infection. Proceedings
of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences. 280(1759).'
mla: 'Refardt, Dominik, et al. “Altruism Can Evolve When Relatedness Is Low: Evidence
from Bacteria Committing Suicide upon Phage Infection.” Proceedings of the
Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, vol. 280, no. 1759,
The Royal Society, 2013, doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.3035.'
short: D. Refardt, T. Bergmiller, R. Kümmerli, Proceedings of the Royal Society
of London Series B Biological Sciences 280 (2013).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:59:56Z
date_published: 2013-05-22T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-10-18T06:43:23Z
day: '22'
department:
- _id: CaGu
doi: 10.1098/rspb.2012.3035
external_id:
pmid:
- '23516238'
intvolume: ' 280'
issue: '1759'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3619501/
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
pmid: 1
publication: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1471-2954
publication_status: published
publisher: The Royal Society
publist_id: '3939'
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
record:
- id: '9751'
relation: research_data
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Altruism can evolve when relatedness is low: Evidence from bacteria committing
suicide upon phage infection'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 280
year: '2013'
...