---
_id: '10182'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system is central to cellular
    metabolism. It comprises five enzymatic complexes and two mobile electron carriers
    that work in a mitochondrial respiratory chain. By coupling the oxidation of reducing
    equivalents coming into mitochondria to the generation and subsequent dissipation
    of a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, this electron transport
    chain drives the production of ATP, which is then used as a primary energy carrier
    in virtually all cellular processes. Minimal perturbations of the respiratory
    chain activity are linked to diseases; therefore, it is necessary to understand
    how these complexes are assembled and regulated and how they function. In this
    Review, we outline the latest assembly models for each individual complex, and
    we also highlight the recent discoveries indicating that the formation of larger
    assemblies, known as respiratory supercomplexes, originates from the association
    of the intermediates of individual complexes. We then discuss how recent cryo-electron
    microscopy structures have been key to answering open questions on the function
    of the electron transport chain in mitochondrial respiration and how supercomplexes
    and other factors, including metabolites, can regulate the activity of the single
    complexes. When relevant, we discuss how these mechanisms contribute to physiology
    and outline their deregulation in human diseases.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Irene
  full_name: Vercellino, Irene
  id: 3ED6AF16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Vercellino
  orcid: ' 0000-0001-5618-3449'
- first_name: Leonid A
  full_name: Sazanov, Leonid A
  id: 338D39FE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sazanov
  orcid: 0000-0002-0977-7989
citation:
  ama: Vercellino I, Sazanov LA. The assembly, regulation and function of the mitochondrial
    respiratory chain. <i>Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology</i>. 2022;23:141–161.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-021-00415-0">10.1038/s41580-021-00415-0</a>
  apa: Vercellino, I., &#38; Sazanov, L. A. (2022). The assembly, regulation and function
    of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. <i>Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology</i>.
    Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-021-00415-0">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-021-00415-0</a>
  chicago: Vercellino, Irene, and Leonid A Sazanov. “The Assembly, Regulation and
    Function of the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain.” <i>Nature Reviews Molecular
    Cell Biology</i>. Springer Nature, 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-021-00415-0">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-021-00415-0</a>.
  ieee: I. Vercellino and L. A. Sazanov, “The assembly, regulation and function of
    the mitochondrial respiratory chain,” <i>Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology</i>,
    vol. 23. Springer Nature, pp. 141–161, 2022.
  ista: Vercellino I, Sazanov LA. 2022. The assembly, regulation and function of the
    mitochondrial respiratory chain. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 23, 141–161.
  mla: Vercellino, Irene, and Leonid A. Sazanov. “The Assembly, Regulation and Function
    of the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain.” <i>Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology</i>,
    vol. 23, Springer Nature, 2022, pp. 141–161, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-021-00415-0">10.1038/s41580-021-00415-0</a>.
  short: I. Vercellino, L.A. Sazanov, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 23 (2022)
    141–161.
date_created: 2021-10-24T22:01:35Z
date_published: 2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-02T06:55:42Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: LeSa
doi: 10.1038/s41580-021-00415-0
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000705697100001'
  pmid:
  - '34621061'
intvolume: '        23'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa_version: None
page: 141–161
pmid: 1
publication: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1471-0080
  issn:
  - 1471-0072
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The assembly, regulation and function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 23
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '7009'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Cell migration is essential for physiological processes as diverse as development,
    immune defence and wound healing. It is also a hallmark of cancer malignancy.
    Thousands of publications have elucidated detailed molecular and biophysical mechanisms
    of cultured cells migrating on flat, 2D substrates of glass and plastic. However,
    much less is known about how cells successfully navigate the complex 3D environments
    of living tissues. In these more complex, native environments, cells use multiple
    modes of migration, including mesenchymal, amoeboid, lobopodial and collective,
    and these are governed by the local extracellular microenvironment, specific modalities
    of Rho GTPase signalling and non- muscle myosin contractility. Migration through
    3D environments is challenging because it requires the cell to squeeze through
    complex or dense extracellular structures. Doing so requires specific cellular
    adaptations to mechanical features of the extracellular matrix (ECM) or its remodelling.
    In addition, besides navigating through diverse ECM environments and overcoming
    extracellular barriers, cells often interact with neighbouring cells and tissues
    through physical and signalling interactions. Accordingly, cells need to call
    on an impressively wide diversity of mechanisms to meet these challenges. This
    Review examines how cells use both classical and novel mechanisms of locomotion
    as they traverse challenging 3D matrices and cellular environments. It focuses
    on principles rather than details of migratory mechanisms and draws comparisons
    between 1D, 2D and 3D migration.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: review
author:
- first_name: KM
  full_name: Yamada, KM
  last_name: Yamada
- first_name: Michael K
  full_name: Sixt, Michael K
  id: 41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sixt
  orcid: 0000-0002-6620-9179
citation:
  ama: Yamada K, Sixt MK. Mechanisms of 3D cell migration. <i>Nature Reviews Molecular
    Cell Biology</i>. 2019;20(12):738–752. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-019-0172-9">10.1038/s41580-019-0172-9</a>
  apa: Yamada, K., &#38; Sixt, M. K. (2019). Mechanisms of 3D cell migration. <i>Nature
    Reviews Molecular Cell Biology</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-019-0172-9">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-019-0172-9</a>
  chicago: Yamada, KM, and Michael K Sixt. “Mechanisms of 3D Cell Migration.” <i>Nature
    Reviews Molecular Cell Biology</i>. Springer Nature, 2019. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-019-0172-9">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-019-0172-9</a>.
  ieee: K. Yamada and M. K. Sixt, “Mechanisms of 3D cell migration,” <i>Nature Reviews
    Molecular Cell Biology</i>, vol. 20, no. 12. Springer Nature, pp. 738–752, 2019.
  ista: Yamada K, Sixt MK. 2019. Mechanisms of 3D cell migration. Nature Reviews Molecular
    Cell Biology. 20(12), 738–752.
  mla: Yamada, KM, and Michael K. Sixt. “Mechanisms of 3D Cell Migration.” <i>Nature
    Reviews Molecular Cell Biology</i>, vol. 20, no. 12, Springer Nature, 2019, pp.
    738–752, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-019-0172-9">10.1038/s41580-019-0172-9</a>.
  short: K. Yamada, M.K. Sixt, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 20 (2019) 738–752.
date_created: 2019-11-12T14:54:42Z
date_published: 2019-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-30T07:22:20Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: MiSi
doi: 10.1038/s41580-019-0172-9
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000497966900007'
  pmid:
  - '31582855'
intvolume: '        20'
isi: 1
issue: '12'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa_version: None
page: 738–752
pmid: 1
publication: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1471-0080
  issn:
  - 1471-0072
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Mechanisms of 3D cell migration
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 20
year: '2019'
...