---
_id: '13372'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'The capacity to respond or adapt to environmental changes is an intrinsic
    property of living systems that comprise highly-connected subcomponents communicating
    through chemical networks. The development of responsive synthetic systems is
    a relatively new research area that covers different disciplines, among which
    nanochemistry brings conceptually new demonstrations. Especially attractive are
    ligand-protected gold nanoparticles, which have been extensively used over the
    last decade as building blocks in constructing superlattices or dynamic aggregates,
    under the effect of an applied stimulus. To reflect the importance of surface
    chemistry and nanoparticle core composition in the dynamic self-assembly of nanoparticles,
    we provide here an overview of various available stimuli, as tools for synthetic
    chemists to exploit. Along with this task, the review starts with the use of chemical
    stimuli such as solvent, pH, gases, metal ions or biomolecules. It then focuses
    on physical stimuli: temperature, magnetic and electric fields, as well as light.
    To reflect on the increasing complexity of current architectures, we discuss systems
    that are responsive to more than one stimulus, to finally encourage further research
    by proposing future challenges.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Marek
  full_name: Grzelczak, Marek
  last_name: Grzelczak
- first_name: Luis M.
  full_name: Liz-Marzán, Luis M.
  last_name: Liz-Marzán
- first_name: Rafal
  full_name: Klajn, Rafal
  id: 8e84690e-1e48-11ed-a02b-a1e6fb8bb53b
  last_name: Klajn
citation:
  ama: Grzelczak M, Liz-Marzán LM, Klajn R. Stimuli-responsive self-assembly of nanoparticles.
    <i>Chemical Society Reviews</i>. 2019;48(5):1342-1361. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cs00787j">10.1039/c8cs00787j</a>
  apa: Grzelczak, M., Liz-Marzán, L. M., &#38; Klajn, R. (2019). Stimuli-responsive
    self-assembly of nanoparticles. <i>Chemical Society Reviews</i>. Royal Society
    of Chemistry. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cs00787j">https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cs00787j</a>
  chicago: Grzelczak, Marek, Luis M. Liz-Marzán, and Rafal Klajn. “Stimuli-Responsive
    Self-Assembly of Nanoparticles.” <i>Chemical Society Reviews</i>. Royal Society
    of Chemistry, 2019. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cs00787j">https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cs00787j</a>.
  ieee: M. Grzelczak, L. M. Liz-Marzán, and R. Klajn, “Stimuli-responsive self-assembly
    of nanoparticles,” <i>Chemical Society Reviews</i>, vol. 48, no. 5. Royal Society
    of Chemistry, pp. 1342–1361, 2019.
  ista: Grzelczak M, Liz-Marzán LM, Klajn R. 2019. Stimuli-responsive self-assembly
    of nanoparticles. Chemical Society Reviews. 48(5), 1342–1361.
  mla: Grzelczak, Marek, et al. “Stimuli-Responsive Self-Assembly of Nanoparticles.”
    <i>Chemical Society Reviews</i>, vol. 48, no. 5, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019,
    pp. 1342–61, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cs00787j">10.1039/c8cs00787j</a>.
  short: M. Grzelczak, L.M. Liz-Marzán, R. Klajn, Chemical Society Reviews 48 (2019)
    1342–1361.
date_created: 2023-08-01T09:38:52Z
date_published: 2019-01-28T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-07T10:48:31Z
day: '28'
doi: 10.1039/c8cs00787j
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '30688963'
intvolume: '        48'
issue: '5'
keyword:
- General Chemistry
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CS00787J
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1342-1361
pmid: 1
publication: Chemical Society Reviews
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1460-4744
  issn:
  - 0306-0012
publication_status: published
publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Stimuli-responsive self-assembly of nanoparticles
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 48
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '13382'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: letter_note
author:
- first_name: Jan H.
  full_name: van Esch, Jan H.
  last_name: van Esch
- first_name: Rafal
  full_name: Klajn, Rafal
  id: 8e84690e-1e48-11ed-a02b-a1e6fb8bb53b
  last_name: Klajn
- first_name: Sijbren
  full_name: Otto, Sijbren
  last_name: Otto
citation:
  ama: van Esch JH, Klajn R, Otto S. Chemical systems out of equilibrium. <i>Chemical
    Society Reviews</i>. 2017;46(18):5474-5475. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cs90088k">10.1039/c7cs90088k</a>
  apa: van Esch, J. H., Klajn, R., &#38; Otto, S. (2017). Chemical systems out of
    equilibrium. <i>Chemical Society Reviews</i>. Royal Society of Chemistry. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cs90088k">https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cs90088k</a>
  chicago: Esch, Jan H. van, Rafal Klajn, and Sijbren Otto. “Chemical Systems out
    of Equilibrium.” <i>Chemical Society Reviews</i>. Royal Society of Chemistry,
    2017. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cs90088k">https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cs90088k</a>.
  ieee: J. H. van Esch, R. Klajn, and S. Otto, “Chemical systems out of equilibrium,”
    <i>Chemical Society Reviews</i>, vol. 46, no. 18. Royal Society of Chemistry,
    pp. 5474–5475, 2017.
  ista: van Esch JH, Klajn R, Otto S. 2017. Chemical systems out of equilibrium. Chemical
    Society Reviews. 46(18), 5474–5475.
  mla: van Esch, Jan H., et al. “Chemical Systems out of Equilibrium.” <i>Chemical
    Society Reviews</i>, vol. 46, no. 18, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017, pp. 5474–75,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cs90088k">10.1039/c7cs90088k</a>.
  short: J.H. van Esch, R. Klajn, S. Otto, Chemical Society Reviews 46 (2017) 5474–5475.
date_created: 2023-08-01T09:41:30Z
date_published: 2017-09-08T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-07T11:27:42Z
day: '08'
doi: 10.1039/c7cs90088k
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '28884760'
intvolume: '        46'
issue: '18'
keyword:
- General Chemistry
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cs90088k
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 5474-5475
pmid: 1
publication: Chemical Society Reviews
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1460-4744
  issn:
  - 0306-0012
publication_status: published
publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Chemical systems out of equilibrium
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 46
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '374'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The conversion of thermal energy to electricity and vice versa by means of
    solid state thermoelectric devices is extremely appealing. However, its cost-effectiveness
    is seriously hampered by the relatively high production cost and low efficiency
    of current thermoelectric materials and devices. To overcome present challenges
    and enable a successful deployment of thermoelectric systems in their wide application
    range, materials with significantly improved performance need to be developed.
    Nanostructuration can help in several ways to reach the very particular group
    of properties required to achieve high thermoelectric performances. Nanodomains
    inserted within a crystalline matrix can provide large charge carrier concentrations
    without strongly influencing their mobility, thus allowing to reach very high
    electrical conductivities. Nanostructured materials contain numerous grain boundaries
    that efficiently scatter mid- and long-wavelength phonons thus reducing the thermal
    conductivity. Furthermore, nanocrystalline domains can enhance the Seebeck coefficient
    by modifying the density of states and/or providing type- and energy-dependent
    charge carrier scattering. All these advantages can only be reached when engineering
    a complex type of material, nanocomposites, with exquisite control over structural
    and chemical parameters at multiple length scales. Since current conventional
    nanomaterial production technologies lack such level of control, alternative strategies
    need to be developed and adjusted to the specifics of the field. A particularly
    suitable approach to produce nanocomposites with unique level of control over
    their structural and compositional parameters is their bottom-up engineering from
    solution-processed nanoparticles. In this work, we review the state-of-the-art
    of this technology applied to the thermoelectric field, including the synthesis
    of nanoparticles of suitable materials with precisely engineered composition and
    surface chemistry, their combination and consolidation into nanostructured materials,
    the strategies to electronically dope such materials and the attempts to fabricate
    thermoelectric devices using nanoparticle-based nanopowders and inks.
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the European Regional Development Funds,
  the Spanish Ministerio de Econom?a y Competitividad through the projects BOOSTER
  (ENE2013-46624-C4-3-R) and SEHTOP (ENE2016-77798-C4-3-R). S. O. thanks AGAUR her
  PhD grant. Y. L. and Y. Z. thank the China Scholarship Council for scholarship support.
  M. I. acknowledges financial support by ETH Carrier Seed Grant (SEED-18 16-2) and
  M. V. K. acknowledges partial financial support by the European Union (EU) via FP7
  ERC Starting Grant 2012 (Project NANOSOLID, GA No. 306733).
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Silvia
  full_name: Ortega, Silvia
  last_name: Ortega
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Ibanez Sabate, Maria
  id: 43C61214-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Ibanez Sabate
  orcid: 0000-0001-5013-2843
- first_name: Yu
  full_name: Liu, Yu
  id: 2A70014E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Liu
  orcid: 0000-0001-7313-6740
- first_name: Yu
  full_name: Zhang, Yu
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Maksym
  full_name: Kovalenko, Maksym
  last_name: Kovalenko
- first_name: Doris
  full_name: Cadavid, Doris
  last_name: Cadavid
- first_name: Andreu
  full_name: Cabot, Andreu
  last_name: Cabot
citation:
  ama: Ortega S, Ibáñez M, Liu Y, et al. Bottom up engineering of thermoelectric nanomaterials
    and devices from solution processed nanoparticle building blocks. <i>Chemical
    Society Reviews</i>. 2017;46(12):3510-3528. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cs00567e">10.1039/c6cs00567e</a>
  apa: Ortega, S., Ibáñez, M., Liu, Y., Zhang, Y., Kovalenko, M., Cadavid, D., &#38;
    Cabot, A. (2017). Bottom up engineering of thermoelectric nanomaterials and devices
    from solution processed nanoparticle building blocks. <i>Chemical Society Reviews</i>.
    Royal Society of Chemistry. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cs00567e">https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cs00567e</a>
  chicago: Ortega, Silvia, Maria Ibáñez, Yu Liu, Yu Zhang, Maksym Kovalenko, Doris
    Cadavid, and Andreu Cabot. “Bottom up Engineering of Thermoelectric Nanomaterials
    and Devices from Solution Processed Nanoparticle Building Blocks.” <i>Chemical
    Society Reviews</i>. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cs00567e">https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cs00567e</a>.
  ieee: S. Ortega <i>et al.</i>, “Bottom up engineering of thermoelectric nanomaterials
    and devices from solution processed nanoparticle building blocks,” <i>Chemical
    Society Reviews</i>, vol. 46, no. 12. Royal Society of Chemistry, pp. 3510–3528,
    2017.
  ista: Ortega S, Ibáñez M, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Kovalenko M, Cadavid D, Cabot A. 2017.
    Bottom up engineering of thermoelectric nanomaterials and devices from solution
    processed nanoparticle building blocks. Chemical Society Reviews. 46(12), 3510–3528.
  mla: Ortega, Silvia, et al. “Bottom up Engineering of Thermoelectric Nanomaterials
    and Devices from Solution Processed Nanoparticle Building Blocks.” <i>Chemical
    Society Reviews</i>, vol. 46, no. 12, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017, pp. 3510–28,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cs00567e">10.1039/c6cs00567e</a>.
  short: S. Ortega, M. Ibáñez, Y. Liu, Y. Zhang, M. Kovalenko, D. Cadavid, A. Cabot,
    Chemical Society Reviews 46 (2017) 3510–3528.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:46:06Z
date_published: 2017-06-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-03-05T12:21:43Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.1039/c6cs00567e
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '28470243'
intvolume: '        46'
issue: '12'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa_version: None
page: 3510 - 3528
pmid: 1
publication: Chemical Society Reviews
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1460-4744
  issn:
  - 0306-0012
publication_status: published
publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
publist_id: '7454'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Bottom up engineering of thermoelectric nanomaterials and devices from solution
  processed nanoparticle building blocks
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 46
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '13404'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In the past few years, spiropyran has emerged as the molecule-of-choice for
    the construction of novel dynamic materials. This unique molecular switch undergoes
    structural isomerisation in response to a variety of orthogonal stimuli, e.g.
    light, temperature, metal ions, redox potential, and mechanical stress. Incorporation
    of this switch onto macromolecular supports or inorganic scaffolds allows for
    the creation of robust dynamic materials. This review discusses the synthesis,
    switching conditions, and use of dynamic materials in which spiropyran has been
    attached to the surfaces of polymers, biomacromolecules, inorganic nanoparticles,
    as well as solid surfaces. The resulting materials show fascinating properties
    whereby the state of the switch intimately affects a multitude of useful properties
    of the support. The utility of the spiropyran switch will undoubtedly endow these
    materials with far-reaching applications in the near future.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Rafal
  full_name: Klajn, Rafal
  id: 8e84690e-1e48-11ed-a02b-a1e6fb8bb53b
  last_name: Klajn
citation:
  ama: Klajn R. Spiropyran-based dynamic materials. <i>Chemical Society Reviews</i>.
    2014;43(1):148-184. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cs60181a">10.1039/c3cs60181a</a>
  apa: Klajn, R. (2014). Spiropyran-based dynamic materials. <i>Chemical Society Reviews</i>.
    Royal Society of Chemistry. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cs60181a">https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cs60181a</a>
  chicago: Klajn, Rafal. “Spiropyran-Based Dynamic Materials.” <i>Chemical Society
    Reviews</i>. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cs60181a">https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cs60181a</a>.
  ieee: R. Klajn, “Spiropyran-based dynamic materials,” <i>Chemical Society Reviews</i>,
    vol. 43, no. 1. Royal Society of Chemistry, pp. 148–184, 2014.
  ista: Klajn R. 2014. Spiropyran-based dynamic materials. Chemical Society Reviews.
    43(1), 148–184.
  mla: Klajn, Rafal. “Spiropyran-Based Dynamic Materials.” <i>Chemical Society Reviews</i>,
    vol. 43, no. 1, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014, pp. 148–84, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cs60181a">10.1039/c3cs60181a</a>.
  short: R. Klajn, Chemical Society Reviews 43 (2014) 148–184.
date_created: 2023-08-01T09:47:03Z
date_published: 2014-01-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-08T07:41:38Z
day: '27'
doi: 10.1039/c3cs60181a
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '23979515'
intvolume: '        43'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- General Chemistry
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1039/C3CS60181A
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 148-184
pmid: 1
publication: Chemical Society Reviews
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1460-4744
  issn:
  - 0306-0012
publication_status: published
publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Spiropyran-based dynamic materials
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 43
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '13412'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Nanoparticles (NPs) and molecular/supramolecular switches have attracted considerable
    interest during the past decade on account of their unique properties and prominent
    roles in the fields of organic chemistry and materials science. Materials derived
    from the combination of these two components are now emerging in the literature.
    This critical review evaluates materials which comprise NPs functionalised with
    well-defined self-assembled monolayers of molecular and supramolecular switches.
    We draw attention to the fact that immobilisation of switches on NPs does not,
    in general, hamper their switching ability, although it can impart new properties
    on the supporting particles. This premise leads us to the discussion of systems
    in which switching on the surfaces of NPs can be used to modulate reversibly a
    range of NP properties—optical, fluorescent, electrical, magnetic—as well as the
    controlled release of small molecules. Finally, we discuss examples in which molecular
    switches direct reversible self-assembly of NPs (308 references).
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Rafal
  full_name: Klajn, Rafal
  id: 8e84690e-1e48-11ed-a02b-a1e6fb8bb53b
  last_name: Klajn
- first_name: J. Fraser
  full_name: Stoddart, J. Fraser
  last_name: Stoddart
- first_name: Bartosz A.
  full_name: Grzybowski, Bartosz A.
  last_name: Grzybowski
citation:
  ama: Klajn R, Stoddart JF, Grzybowski BA. Nanoparticles functionalised with reversible
    molecular and supramolecular switches. <i>Chemical Society Reviews</i>. 2010;39(6):2203-2237.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/b920377j">10.1039/b920377j</a>
  apa: Klajn, R., Stoddart, J. F., &#38; Grzybowski, B. A. (2010). Nanoparticles functionalised
    with reversible molecular and supramolecular switches. <i>Chemical Society Reviews</i>.
    Royal Society of Chemistry. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/b920377j">https://doi.org/10.1039/b920377j</a>
  chicago: Klajn, Rafal, J. Fraser Stoddart, and Bartosz A. Grzybowski. “Nanoparticles
    Functionalised with Reversible Molecular and Supramolecular Switches.” <i>Chemical
    Society Reviews</i>. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/b920377j">https://doi.org/10.1039/b920377j</a>.
  ieee: R. Klajn, J. F. Stoddart, and B. A. Grzybowski, “Nanoparticles functionalised
    with reversible molecular and supramolecular switches,” <i>Chemical Society Reviews</i>,
    vol. 39, no. 6. Royal Society of Chemistry, pp. 2203–2237, 2010.
  ista: Klajn R, Stoddart JF, Grzybowski BA. 2010. Nanoparticles functionalised with
    reversible molecular and supramolecular switches. Chemical Society Reviews. 39(6),
    2203–2237.
  mla: Klajn, Rafal, et al. “Nanoparticles Functionalised with Reversible Molecular
    and Supramolecular Switches.” <i>Chemical Society Reviews</i>, vol. 39, no. 6,
    Royal Society of Chemistry, 2010, pp. 2203–37, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/b920377j">10.1039/b920377j</a>.
  short: R. Klajn, J.F. Stoddart, B.A. Grzybowski, Chemical Society Reviews 39 (2010)
    2203–2237.
date_created: 2023-08-01T09:49:07Z
date_published: 2010-04-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-08T08:19:00Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.1039/b920377j
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '20407689'
intvolume: '        39'
issue: '6'
keyword:
- General Chemistry
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa_version: None
page: 2203-2237
pmid: 1
publication: Chemical Society Reviews
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1460-4744
  issn:
  - 0306-0012
publication_status: published
publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Nanoparticles functionalised with reversible molecular and supramolecular switches
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 39
year: '2010'
...