[{"type":"journal_article","publisher":"Springer Nature","year":"2023","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1007/s10009-023-00711-4","date_published":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"_id":"13234","author":[{"last_name":"Kueffner","id":"8121a2d0-dc85-11ea-9058-af578f3b4515","orcid":"0000-0001-8974-2542","full_name":"Kueffner, Konstantin","first_name":"Konstantin"},{"id":"CBA4D1A8-0FE8-11E9-BDE6-07BFE5697425","last_name":"Lukina","full_name":"Lukina, Anna","first_name":"Anna"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-3658-1065","id":"3A2F4DCE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Schilling","first_name":"Christian","full_name":"Schilling, Christian"},{"id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Henzinger","orcid":"0000-0002-2985-7724","first_name":"Thomas A","full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A"}],"intvolume":"        25","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","ddc":["000"],"file_date_updated":"2024-01-30T12:06:07Z","department":[{"_id":"ToHe"}],"acknowledgement":"This work was supported in part by the ERC-2020-AdG 101020093, by DIREC - Digital Research Centre Denmark, and by the Villum Investigator Grant S4OS.","date_created":"2023-07-16T22:01:11Z","volume":25,"article_type":"original","isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1433-2779"],"eissn":["1433-2787"]},"month":"08","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","status":"public","date_updated":"2024-01-30T12:06:57Z","ec_funded":1,"abstract":[{"text":"Neural-network classifiers achieve high accuracy when predicting the class of an input that they were trained to identify. Maintaining this accuracy in dynamic environments, where inputs frequently fall outside the fixed set of initially known classes, remains a challenge. We consider the problem of monitoring the classification decisions of neural networks in the presence of novel classes. For this purpose, we generalize our recently proposed abstraction-based monitor from binary output to real-valued quantitative output. This quantitative output enables new applications, two of which we investigate in the paper. As our first application, we introduce an algorithmic framework for active monitoring of a neural network, which allows us to learn new classes dynamically and yet maintain high monitoring performance. As our second application, we present an offline procedure to retrain the neural network to improve the monitor’s detection performance without deteriorating the network’s classification accuracy. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates both the benefits of our active monitoring framework in dynamic scenarios and the effectiveness of the retraining procedure.","lang":"eng"}],"page":"575-592","publication_status":"published","oa_version":"Published Version","day":"01","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"has_accepted_license":"1","scopus_import":"1","project":[{"_id":"62781420-2b32-11ec-9570-8d9b63373d4d","name":"Vigilant Algorithmic Monitoring of Software","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"101020093"}],"arxiv":1,"citation":{"mla":"Kueffner, Konstantin, et al. “Into the Unknown: Active Monitoring of Neural Networks (Extended Version).” <i>International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer</i>, vol. 25, Springer Nature, 2023, pp. 575–92, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-023-00711-4\">10.1007/s10009-023-00711-4</a>.","apa":"Kueffner, K., Lukina, A., Schilling, C., &#38; Henzinger, T. A. (2023). Into the unknown: Active monitoring of neural networks (extended version). <i>International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-023-00711-4\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-023-00711-4</a>","short":"K. Kueffner, A. Lukina, C. Schilling, T.A. Henzinger, International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer 25 (2023) 575–592.","ista":"Kueffner K, Lukina A, Schilling C, Henzinger TA. 2023. Into the unknown: Active monitoring of neural networks (extended version). International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer. 25, 575–592.","ama":"Kueffner K, Lukina A, Schilling C, Henzinger TA. Into the unknown: Active monitoring of neural networks (extended version). <i>International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer</i>. 2023;25:575-592. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-023-00711-4\">10.1007/s10009-023-00711-4</a>","chicago":"Kueffner, Konstantin, Anna Lukina, Christian Schilling, and Thomas A Henzinger. “Into the Unknown: Active Monitoring of Neural Networks (Extended Version).” <i>International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer</i>. Springer Nature, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-023-00711-4\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-023-00711-4</a>.","ieee":"K. Kueffner, A. Lukina, C. Schilling, and T. A. Henzinger, “Into the unknown: Active monitoring of neural networks (extended version),” <i>International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer</i>, vol. 25. Springer Nature, pp. 575–592, 2023."},"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"shorter_version","id":"10206","status":"public"}]},"external_id":{"arxiv":["2009.06429"],"isi":["001020160000001"]},"file":[{"date_updated":"2024-01-30T12:06:07Z","success":1,"date_created":"2024-01-30T12:06:07Z","checksum":"3c4b347f39412a76872f9a6f30101f94","file_id":"14903","file_size":13387667,"file_name":"2023_JourSoftwareTools_Kueffner.pdf","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst"}],"title":"Into the unknown: Active monitoring of neural networks (extended version)","publication":"International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer"},{"date_published":"2020-08-03T00:00:00Z","author":[{"id":"41BCEE5C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Nickovic","first_name":"Dejan","full_name":"Nickovic, Dejan"},{"last_name":"Lebeltel","first_name":"Olivier","full_name":"Lebeltel, Olivier"},{"last_name":"Maler","first_name":"Oded","full_name":"Maler, Oded"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-5199-3143","id":"40960E6E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Ferrere","first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Ferrere, Thomas"},{"full_name":"Ulus, Dogan","first_name":"Dogan","last_name":"Ulus"}],"_id":"10861","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1007/s10009-020-00582-z","publisher":"Springer Nature","year":"2020","isi":1,"volume":22,"article_type":"original","month":"08","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1433-2779"],"eissn":["1433-2787"]},"user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","article_processing_charge":"No","keyword":["Information Systems","Software"],"intvolume":"        22","date_created":"2022-03-18T10:10:53Z","department":[{"_id":"ToHe"}],"publication_status":"published","oa_version":"None","page":"741-758","day":"03","abstract":[{"text":"We introduce in this paper AMT2.0, a tool for qualitative and quantitative analysis of hybrid continuous and Boolean signals that combine numerical values and discrete events. The evaluation of the signals is based on rich temporal specifications expressed in extended signal temporal logic, which integrates timed regular expressions within signal temporal logic. The tool features qualitative monitoring (property satisfaction checking), trace diagnostics for explaining and justifying property violations and specification-driven measurement of quantitative features of the signal. We demonstrate the tool functionality on several running examples and case studies, and evaluate its performance.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","date_updated":"2023-09-08T11:52:02Z","publication":"International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer","external_id":{"isi":["000555398600001"]},"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"earlier_version","status":"public","id":"299"}]},"title":"AMT 2.0: Qualitative and quantitative trace analysis with extended signal temporal logic","issue":"6","scopus_import":"1","citation":{"ama":"Nickovic D, Lebeltel O, Maler O, Ferrere T, Ulus D. AMT 2.0: Qualitative and quantitative trace analysis with extended signal temporal logic. <i>International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer</i>. 2020;22(6):741-758. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-020-00582-z\">10.1007/s10009-020-00582-z</a>","apa":"Nickovic, D., Lebeltel, O., Maler, O., Ferrere, T., &#38; Ulus, D. (2020). AMT 2.0: Qualitative and quantitative trace analysis with extended signal temporal logic. <i>International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-020-00582-z\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-020-00582-z</a>","short":"D. Nickovic, O. Lebeltel, O. Maler, T. Ferrere, D. Ulus, International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer 22 (2020) 741–758.","ista":"Nickovic D, Lebeltel O, Maler O, Ferrere T, Ulus D. 2020. AMT 2.0: Qualitative and quantitative trace analysis with extended signal temporal logic. International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer. 22(6), 741–758.","mla":"Nickovic, Dejan, et al. “AMT 2.0: Qualitative and Quantitative Trace Analysis with Extended Signal Temporal Logic.” <i>International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer</i>, vol. 22, no. 6, Springer Nature, 2020, pp. 741–58, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-020-00582-z\">10.1007/s10009-020-00582-z</a>.","ieee":"D. Nickovic, O. Lebeltel, O. Maler, T. Ferrere, and D. Ulus, “AMT 2.0: Qualitative and quantitative trace analysis with extended signal temporal logic,” <i>International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer</i>, vol. 22, no. 6. Springer Nature, pp. 741–758, 2020.","chicago":"Nickovic, Dejan, Olivier Lebeltel, Oded Maler, Thomas Ferrere, and Dogan Ulus. “AMT 2.0: Qualitative and Quantitative Trace Analysis with Extended Signal Temporal Logic.” <i>International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer</i>. Springer Nature, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-020-00582-z\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-020-00582-z</a>."}}]