[{"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","author":[{"full_name":"Sobral, David","last_name":"Sobral","first_name":"David"},{"first_name":"Jorryt J","last_name":"Matthee","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J"},{"full_name":"Brammer, Gabriel","last_name":"Brammer","first_name":"Gabriel"},{"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Ferrara","full_name":"Ferrara, Andrea"},{"full_name":"Alegre, Lara","first_name":"Lara","last_name":"Alegre"},{"first_name":"Huub","last_name":"Röttgering","full_name":"Röttgering, Huub"},{"full_name":"Schaerer, Daniel","last_name":"Schaerer","first_name":"Daniel"},{"full_name":"Mobasher, Bahram","last_name":"Mobasher","first_name":"Bahram"},{"last_name":"Darvish","first_name":"Behnam","full_name":"Darvish, Behnam"}],"volume":482,"oa":1,"intvolume":"       482","arxiv":1,"date_updated":"2022-08-19T06:49:36Z","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","acknowledgement":"We thank the anonymous reviewer for the numerous detailed comments that led us to greatly improve the quality, extent, and statistical robustness of this work. DS acknowledges financial support from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific research through a Veni fellowship. JM acknowledges the support of a Huygens PhD fellowship from Leiden University. AF acknowledges support from the ERC Advanced Grant INTERSTELLAR H2020/740120. BD acknowledges financial support from NASA through the Astrophysics Data Analysis Program, grant number NNX12AE20G and the National Science Foundation, grant number 1716907. We are thankful for several discussions and constructive comments from Johannes Zabl, Eros Vanzella, Bo Milvang-Jensen, Henry McCracken, Max Gronke, Mark Dijkstra, Richard Ellis, and Nicolas Laporte. We also thank Umar Burhanudin and Izzy Garland for taking part in the XGAL internship in Lancaster and for exploring the HST grism data independently. Based on observations obtained with HST/WFC3 programs 12578, 14495, and 14596. Based on observations of the National Japanese Observatory with the Suprime-Cam on the Subaru telescope (S14A-086) on the big island of Hawaii. This work is based in part on data products produced at TERAPIX available at the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre as part of the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey, a collaborative project of NRC and CNRS. Based on data products from observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under ESO programme IDs 294.A-5018, 294.A-5039, 092.A 0786, 093.A-0561, 097.A0043, 097.A-0943, 098.A-0819, 298.A-5012, and 179.A-2005, and on data products produced by TERAPIX and the Cambridge Astronomy Survey Unit on behalf of the UltraVISTA consortium. The authors acknowledge the award of service time (SW2014b20) on the William Herschel Telescope (WHT). WHT and its service programme are operated on the island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. This research was supported by the Munich Institute for Astro- and Particle Physics of the DFG cluster of excellence ‘Origin and Structure of the Universe’. We have benefitted immensely from the public available programming language PYTHON, including NUMPY and SCIPY (Jones et al. 2001; Van Der Walt, Colbert & Varoquaux 2011), MATPLOTLIB (Hunter 2007), ASTROPY (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013), and the TOPCAT analysis program (Taylor 2013). This research has made use of the VizieR catalogue access tool, CDS, Strasbourg, France. All data used for this paper are publicly available, and we make all reduced data available with the refereed paper.","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1365-2966"],"issn":["0035-8711"]},"article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.08422"}],"doi":"10.1093/mnras/sty2779","article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Preprint","publication_status":"published","title":"On the nature and physical conditions of the luminous Ly α emitter CR7 and its rest-frame UV components","abstract":[{"text":"We present new Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/WFC3 observations and re-analyse VLT data to unveil the continuum, variability, and rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) lines of the multiple UV clumps of the most luminous Lyα emitter at z = 6.6, CR7 (COSMOS Redshift 7). Our re-reduced, flux-calibrated X-SHOOTER spectra of CR7 reveal an He II emission line in observations obtained along the major axis of Lyα emission with the best seeing conditions. He II is spatially offset by ≈+0.8 arcsec from the peak of Lyα emission, and it is found towards clump B. Our WFC3 grism spectra detects the UV continuum of CR7’s clump A, yielding a power law with β=−2.5+0.6−0.7 and MUV=−21.87+0.25−0.20⁠. No significant variability is found for any of the UV clumps on their own, but there is tentative (≈2.2 σ) brightening of CR7 in F110W as a whole from 2012 to 2017. HST grism data fail to robustly detect rest-frame UV lines in any of the clumps, implying fluxes ≲2×10−17 erg s−1 cm−2 (3σ). We perform CLOUDY modelling to constrain the metallicity and the ionizing nature of CR7. CR7 seems to be actively forming stars without any clear active galactic nucleus activity in clump A, consistent with a metallicity of ∼0.05–0.2 Z⊙. Component C or an interclump component between B and C may host a high ionization source. Our results highlight the need for spatially resolved information to study the formation and assembly of early galaxies.","lang":"eng"}],"citation":{"ieee":"D. Sobral <i>et al.</i>, “On the nature and physical conditions of the luminous Ly α emitter CR7 and its rest-frame UV components,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 482, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp. 2422–2441, 2019.","ista":"Sobral D, Matthee JJ, Brammer G, Ferrara A, Alegre L, Röttgering H, Schaerer D, Mobasher B, Darvish B. 2019. On the nature and physical conditions of the luminous Ly α emitter CR7 and its rest-frame UV components. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 482(2), 2422–2441.","ama":"Sobral D, Matthee JJ, Brammer G, et al. On the nature and physical conditions of the luminous Ly α emitter CR7 and its rest-frame UV components. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2019;482(2):2422-2441. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2779\">10.1093/mnras/sty2779</a>","mla":"Sobral, David, et al. “On the Nature and Physical Conditions of the Luminous Ly α Emitter CR7 and Its Rest-Frame UV Components.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 482, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2019, pp. 2422–41, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2779\">10.1093/mnras/sty2779</a>.","short":"D. Sobral, J.J. Matthee, G. Brammer, A. Ferrara, L. Alegre, H. Röttgering, D. Schaerer, B. Mobasher, B. Darvish, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 482 (2019) 2422–2441.","apa":"Sobral, D., Matthee, J. J., Brammer, G., Ferrara, A., Alegre, L., Röttgering, H., … Darvish, B. (2019). On the nature and physical conditions of the luminous Ly α emitter CR7 and its rest-frame UV components. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2779\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2779</a>","chicago":"Sobral, David, Jorryt J Matthee, Gabriel Brammer, Andrea Ferrara, Lara Alegre, Huub Röttgering, Daniel Schaerer, Bahram Mobasher, and Behnam Darvish. “On the Nature and Physical Conditions of the Luminous Ly α Emitter CR7 and Its Rest-Frame UV Components.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2019. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2779\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2779</a>."},"year":"2019","date_created":"2022-07-08T10:40:05Z","_id":"11541","publisher":"Oxford University Press","type":"journal_article","external_id":{"arxiv":["1710.08422"]},"date_published":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","extern":"1","keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics","galaxies: evolution","galaxies: high-redshift","galaxies: ISM","cosmology: observations","dark ages","reionization","first stars","early Universe"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","month":"01","day":"01","page":"2422-2441","quality_controlled":"1","issue":"2"},{"month":"06","status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"extern":"1","keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics","asteroseismology","methods: data analysis","techniques: image processing","stars: oscillations","stars: statistics"],"type":"journal_article","external_id":{"arxiv":["1903.00115"]},"date_published":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","publisher":"Oxford University Press","issue":"4","quality_controlled":"1","page":"5616-5630","day":"01","date_updated":"2022-08-22T07:35:19Z","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","arxiv":1,"intvolume":"       485","volume":485,"oa":1,"author":[{"full_name":"Hon, Marc","last_name":"Hon","first_name":"Marc"},{"full_name":"Stello, Dennis","first_name":"Dennis","last_name":"Stello"},{"last_name":"García","first_name":"Rafael A","full_name":"García, Rafael A"},{"first_name":"Savita","last_name":"Mathur","full_name":"Mathur, Savita"},{"full_name":"Sharma, Sanjib","last_name":"Sharma","first_name":"Sanjib"},{"full_name":"Colman, Isabel L","last_name":"Colman","first_name":"Isabel L"},{"id":"d9edb345-f866-11ec-9b37-d119b5234501","orcid":"0000-0003-0142-4000","full_name":"Bugnet, Lisa Annabelle","first_name":"Lisa Annabelle","last_name":"Bugnet"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_created":"2022-07-18T14:26:03Z","_id":"11615","citation":{"mla":"Hon, Marc, et al. “A Search for Red Giant Solar-like Oscillations in All Kepler Data.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 485, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2019, pp. 5616–30, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz622\">10.1093/mnras/stz622</a>.","apa":"Hon, M., Stello, D., García, R. A., Mathur, S., Sharma, S., Colman, I. L., &#38; Bugnet, L. A. (2019). A search for red giant solar-like oscillations in all Kepler data. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz622\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz622</a>","short":"M. Hon, D. Stello, R.A. García, S. Mathur, S. Sharma, I.L. Colman, L.A. Bugnet, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 485 (2019) 5616–5630.","chicago":"Hon, Marc, Dennis Stello, Rafael A García, Savita Mathur, Sanjib Sharma, Isabel L Colman, and Lisa Annabelle Bugnet. “A Search for Red Giant Solar-like Oscillations in All Kepler Data.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2019. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz622\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz622</a>.","ieee":"M. Hon <i>et al.</i>, “A search for red giant solar-like oscillations in all Kepler data,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 485, no. 4. Oxford University Press, pp. 5616–5630, 2019.","ista":"Hon M, Stello D, García RA, Mathur S, Sharma S, Colman IL, Bugnet LA. 2019. A search for red giant solar-like oscillations in all Kepler data. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 485(4), 5616–5630.","ama":"Hon M, Stello D, García RA, et al. A search for red giant solar-like oscillations in all Kepler data. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2019;485(4):5616-5630. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz622\">10.1093/mnras/stz622</a>"},"year":"2019","abstract":[{"text":"The recently published Kepler mission Data Release 25 (DR25) reported on ∼197 000 targets observed during the mission. Despite this, no wide search for red giants showing solar-like oscillations have been made across all stars observed in Kepler’s long-cadence mode. In this work, we perform this task using custom apertures on the Kepler pixel files and detect oscillations in 21 914 stars, representing the largest sample of solar-like oscillating stars to date. We measure their frequency at maximum power, νmax, down to νmax≃4μHz and obtain log (g) estimates with a typical uncertainty below 0.05 dex, which is superior to typical measurements from spectroscopy. Additionally, the νmax distribution of our detections show good agreement with results from a simulated model of the Milky Way, with a ratio of observed to predicted stars of 0.992 for stars with 10<νmax<270μHz. Among our red giant detections, we find 909 to be dwarf/subgiant stars whose flux signal is polluted by a neighbouring giant as a result of using larger photometric apertures than those used by the NASA Kepler science processing pipeline. We further find that only 293 of the polluting giants are known Kepler targets. The remainder comprises over 600 newly identified oscillating red giants, with many expected to belong to the Galactic halo, serendipitously falling within the Kepler pixel files of targeted stars.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","title":"A search for red giant solar-like oscillations in all Kepler data","article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Preprint","scopus_import":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.00115","open_access":"1"}],"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stz622","acknowledgement":"Funding for this Discovery mission is provided by NASA’s Science mission Directorate. We thank the entire Kepler team without whom this investigation would not be possible. DS is the recipient of an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (project number FT1400147). RAG acknowledges the support from CNES. SM acknowledges support from NASA grant NNX15AF13G, NSF grant AST-1411685, and the Ramon y Cajal fellowship number RYC-2015-17697. ILC acknowledges scholarship support from the University of Sydney. We would like to thank Nicholas Barbara and Timothy Bedding for providing us with a list of variable stars that helped to validate a number of detections in this study. We also thank the group at the University of Sydney for fruitful discussions. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge the support of NVIDIA Corporation with the donation of the Titan Xp GPU used for this research.","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1365-2966"],"issn":["0035-8711"]},"article_type":"original"},{"title":"Extreme isolation of WN3/O3 stars and implications for their evolutionary origin as the elusive stripped binaries","publication_status":"published","oa_version":"Published Version","article_processing_charge":"No","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx3181","open_access":"1"}],"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stx3181","scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1365-2966"],"issn":["0035-8711"]},"_id":"13474","date_created":"2023-08-03T10:14:47Z","year":"2018","citation":{"ama":"Smith N, Götberg YLL, de Mink SE. Extreme isolation of WN3/O3 stars and implications for their evolutionary origin as the elusive stripped binaries. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2018;475(1):772-782. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx3181\">10.1093/mnras/stx3181</a>","ieee":"N. Smith, Y. L. L. Götberg, and S. E. de Mink, “Extreme isolation of WN3/O3 stars and implications for their evolutionary origin as the elusive stripped binaries,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 475, no. 1. Oxford University Press, pp. 772–782, 2018.","ista":"Smith N, Götberg YLL, de Mink SE. 2018. Extreme isolation of WN3/O3 stars and implications for their evolutionary origin as the elusive stripped binaries. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 475(1), 772–782.","mla":"Smith, Nathan, et al. “Extreme Isolation of WN3/O3 Stars and Implications for Their Evolutionary Origin as the Elusive Stripped Binaries.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 475, no. 1, Oxford University Press, 2018, pp. 772–82, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx3181\">10.1093/mnras/stx3181</a>.","short":"N. Smith, Y.L.L. Götberg, S.E. de Mink, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 475 (2018) 772–782.","chicago":"Smith, Nathan, Ylva Louise Linsdotter Götberg, and Selma E de Mink. “Extreme Isolation of WN3/O3 Stars and Implications for Their Evolutionary Origin as the Elusive Stripped Binaries.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx3181\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx3181</a>.","apa":"Smith, N., Götberg, Y. L. L., &#38; de Mink, S. E. (2018). Extreme isolation of WN3/O3 stars and implications for their evolutionary origin as the elusive stripped binaries. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx3181\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx3181</a>"},"abstract":[{"text":"Recent surveys of the Magellanic Clouds have revealed a subtype of Wolf–Rayet (WR) star with peculiar properties. WN3/O3 spectra exhibit both WR-like emission and O3 V-like absorption – but at lower luminosity than O3 V or WN stars. We examine the projected spatial distribution of WN3/O3 stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud as compared to O-type stars. Surprisingly, WN3/O3 stars are among the most isolated of all classes of massive stars; they have a distribution similar to red supergiants dominated by initial masses of 10–15 M⊙, and are far more dispersed than classical WR stars or luminous blue variables. Their lack of association with clusters of O-type stars suggests strongly that WN3/O3 stars are not the descendants of single massive stars (30 M⊙ or above). Instead, they are likely products of interacting binaries at lower initial mass (10–18 M⊙). Comparison with binary models suggests a probable origin with primaries in this mass range that were stripped of their H envelopes through non-conservative mass transfer by a low-mass secondary. We show that model spectra and positions on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram for binary-stripped stars are consistent with WN3/O3 stars. Monitoring radial velocities with high-resolution spectra can test for low-mass companions or runaway velocities. With lower initial mass and environments that avoid very massive stars, the WN3/O3 stars fit expectations for progenitors of Type Ib and possibly Type Ibn supernovae.","lang":"eng"}],"oa":1,"volume":475,"author":[{"full_name":"Smith, Nathan","last_name":"Smith","first_name":"Nathan"},{"id":"d0648d0c-0f64-11ee-a2e0-dd0faa2e4f7d","orcid":"0000-0002-6960-6911","full_name":"Götberg, Ylva Louise Linsdotter","first_name":"Ylva Louise Linsdotter","last_name":"Götberg"},{"last_name":"de Mink","first_name":"Selma E","full_name":"de Mink, Selma E"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_updated":"2023-08-09T12:17:34Z","arxiv":1,"intvolume":"       475","quality_controlled":"1","page":"772-782","day":"01","issue":"1","date_published":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["1704.03516"]},"type":"journal_article","publisher":"Oxford University Press","month":"03","status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics"],"extern":"1"},{"date_published":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["1705.01101"]},"type":"journal_article","publisher":"Oxford University Press","status":"public","month":"08","keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics","galaxies: evolution","galaxies: haloes","galaxies: high-redshift","galaxies: star formation","cosmology: observations","large-scale structure of Universe"],"extern":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","day":"01","page":"2999-3015","issue":"3","volume":478,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","author":[{"first_name":"A A","last_name":"Khostovan","full_name":"Khostovan, A A"},{"full_name":"Sobral, D","last_name":"Sobral","first_name":"D"},{"full_name":"Mobasher, B","last_name":"Mobasher","first_name":"B"},{"full_name":"Best, P N","first_name":"P N","last_name":"Best"},{"first_name":"I","last_name":"Smail","full_name":"Smail, I"},{"first_name":"Jorryt J","last_name":"Matthee","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J"},{"first_name":"B","last_name":"Darvish","full_name":"Darvish, B"},{"first_name":"H","last_name":"Nayyeri","full_name":"Nayyeri, H"},{"full_name":"Hemmati, S","last_name":"Hemmati","first_name":"S"},{"full_name":"Stott, J P","first_name":"J P","last_name":"Stott"}],"publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_updated":"2022-08-19T06:53:39Z","intvolume":"       478","arxiv":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Published Version","publication_status":"published","title":"The clustering of H β + [O III] and [O II] emitters since z ∼ 5: Dependencies with line luminosity and stellar mass","article_type":"original","acknowledgement":"We thank the anonymous referee for their useful comments and suggestions that improved this study. AAK thanks Anahita Alavi and Irene Shivaei for useful discussion in the making of this paper. AAK acknowledges that this work was supported by NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program – Grant NNX16AO92H. DS acknowledges financial support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) through a Veni fellowship and from Lancaster University through an Early Career Internal Grant A100679. PNB is grateful for support from STFC via grant STM001229/1. IRS acknowledges support from STFC (ST/L00075X/1), the ERC Advanced Grant DUSTYGAL (321334), and a Royal Society/Wolfson Merit award. JM acknowledges the support of a Huygens PhD fellowship from Leiden University. BD acknowledges financial support from NASA through the Astrophysics Data Analysis Program (ADAP), grant number NNX12AE20G.","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711"],"eissn":["1365-2966"]},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.01101"}],"doi":"10.1093/mnras/sty925","scopus_import":"1","_id":"11549","date_created":"2022-07-08T11:48:48Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We investigate the clustering properties of ∼7000 H β + [O III] and [O II] narrowband-selected emitters at z ∼ 0.8–4.7 from the High-z Emission Line Survey. We find clustering lengths, r0, of 1.5–4.0 h−1 Mpc and minimum dark matter halo masses of 1010.7–12.1 M⊙ for our z = 0.8–3.2 H β + [O III] emitters and r0 ∼ 2.0–8.3 h−1 Mpc and halo masses of 1011.5–12.6 M⊙ for our z = 1.5–4.7 [O II] emitters. We find r0 to strongly increase both with increasing line luminosity and redshift. By taking into account the evolution of the characteristic line luminosity, L⋆(z), and using our model predictions of halo mass given r0, we find a strong, redshift-independent increasing trend between L/L⋆(z) and minimum halo mass. The faintest H β + [O III] emitters are found to reside in 109.5 M⊙ haloes and the brightest emitters in 1013.0 M⊙ haloes. For [O II] emitters, the faintest emitters are found in 1010.5 M⊙ haloes and the brightest emitters in 1012.6 M⊙ haloes. A redshift-independent stellar mass dependency is also observed where the halo mass increases from 1011 to 1012.5 M⊙ for stellar masses of 108.5 to 1011.5 M⊙, respectively. We investigate the interdependencies of these trends by repeating our analysis in a Lline−Mstar grid space for our most populated samples (H β + [O III] z = 0.84 and [O II] z = 1.47) and find that the line luminosity dependency is stronger than the stellar mass dependency on halo mass. For L > L⋆ emitters at all epochs, we find a relatively flat trend with halo masses of 1012.5–13 M⊙, which may be due to quenching mechanisms in massive haloes that is consistent with a transitional halo mass predicted by models."}],"year":"2018","citation":{"mla":"Khostovan, A. A., et al. “The Clustering of H β + [O III] and [O II] Emitters since z ∼ 5: Dependencies with Line Luminosity and Stellar Mass.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 478, no. 3, Oxford University Press, 2018, pp. 2999–3015, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty925\">10.1093/mnras/sty925</a>.","apa":"Khostovan, A. A., Sobral, D., Mobasher, B., Best, P. N., Smail, I., Matthee, J. J., … Stott, J. P. (2018). The clustering of H β + [O III] and [O II] emitters since z ∼ 5: Dependencies with line luminosity and stellar mass. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty925\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty925</a>","short":"A.A. Khostovan, D. Sobral, B. Mobasher, P.N. Best, I. Smail, J.J. Matthee, B. Darvish, H. Nayyeri, S. Hemmati, J.P. Stott, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 478 (2018) 2999–3015.","chicago":"Khostovan, A A, D Sobral, B Mobasher, P N Best, I Smail, Jorryt J Matthee, B Darvish, H Nayyeri, S Hemmati, and J P Stott. “The Clustering of H β + [O III] and [O II] Emitters since z ∼ 5: Dependencies with Line Luminosity and Stellar Mass.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty925\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty925</a>.","ista":"Khostovan AA, Sobral D, Mobasher B, Best PN, Smail I, Matthee JJ, Darvish B, Nayyeri H, Hemmati S, Stott JP. 2018. The clustering of H β + [O III] and [O II] emitters since z ∼ 5: Dependencies with line luminosity and stellar mass. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 478(3), 2999–3015.","ieee":"A. A. Khostovan <i>et al.</i>, “The clustering of H β + [O III] and [O II] emitters since z ∼ 5: Dependencies with line luminosity and stellar mass,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 478, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 2999–3015, 2018.","ama":"Khostovan AA, Sobral D, Mobasher B, et al. The clustering of H β + [O III] and [O II] emitters since z ∼ 5: Dependencies with line luminosity and stellar mass. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2018;478(3):2999-3015. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty925\">10.1093/mnras/sty925</a>"}},{"arxiv":1,"intvolume":"       478","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_updated":"2022-08-19T06:58:06Z","author":[{"full_name":"Carniani, S","first_name":"S","last_name":"Carniani"},{"first_name":"R","last_name":"Maiolino","full_name":"Maiolino, R"},{"last_name":"Amorin","first_name":"R","full_name":"Amorin, R"},{"full_name":"Pentericci, L","first_name":"L","last_name":"Pentericci"},{"first_name":"A","last_name":"Pallottini","full_name":"Pallottini, A"},{"full_name":"Ferrara, A","last_name":"Ferrara","first_name":"A"},{"full_name":"Willott, C J","first_name":"C J","last_name":"Willott"},{"full_name":"Smit, R","first_name":"R","last_name":"Smit"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","first_name":"Jorryt J","last_name":"Matthee"},{"first_name":"D","last_name":"Sobral","full_name":"Sobral, D"},{"full_name":"Santini, P","last_name":"Santini","first_name":"P"},{"last_name":"Castellano","first_name":"M","full_name":"Castellano, M"},{"full_name":"De Barros, S","last_name":"De Barros","first_name":"S"},{"full_name":"Fontana, A","last_name":"Fontana","first_name":"A"},{"first_name":"A","last_name":"Grazian","full_name":"Grazian, A"},{"full_name":"Guaita, L","first_name":"L","last_name":"Guaita"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa":1,"volume":478,"year":"2018","citation":{"mla":"Carniani, S., et al. “Kiloparsec-Scale Gaseous Clumps and Star Formation at z = 5–7.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 478, no. 1, Oxford University Press, 2018, pp. 1170–84, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1088\">10.1093/mnras/sty1088</a>.","short":"S. Carniani, R. Maiolino, R. Amorin, L. Pentericci, A. Pallottini, A. Ferrara, C.J. Willott, R. Smit, J.J. Matthee, D. Sobral, P. Santini, M. Castellano, S. De Barros, A. Fontana, A. Grazian, L. Guaita, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 478 (2018) 1170–1184.","apa":"Carniani, S., Maiolino, R., Amorin, R., Pentericci, L., Pallottini, A., Ferrara, A., … Guaita, L. (2018). Kiloparsec-scale gaseous clumps and star formation at z = 5–7. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1088\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1088</a>","chicago":"Carniani, S, R Maiolino, R Amorin, L Pentericci, A Pallottini, A Ferrara, C J Willott, et al. “Kiloparsec-Scale Gaseous Clumps and Star Formation at z = 5–7.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1088\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1088</a>.","ista":"Carniani S, Maiolino R, Amorin R, Pentericci L, Pallottini A, Ferrara A, Willott CJ, Smit R, Matthee JJ, Sobral D, Santini P, Castellano M, De Barros S, Fontana A, Grazian A, Guaita L. 2018. Kiloparsec-scale gaseous clumps and star formation at z = 5–7. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 478(1), 1170–1184.","ieee":"S. Carniani <i>et al.</i>, “Kiloparsec-scale gaseous clumps and star formation at z = 5–7,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 478, no. 1. Oxford University Press, pp. 1170–1184, 2018.","ama":"Carniani S, Maiolino R, Amorin R, et al. Kiloparsec-scale gaseous clumps and star formation at z = 5–7. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2018;478(1):1170-1184. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1088\">10.1093/mnras/sty1088</a>"},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We investigate the morphology of the [C II] emission in a sample of ‘normal’ star-forming galaxies at 5 < z < 7.2 in relation to their UV (rest-frame) counterpart. We use new Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) observations of galaxies at z ∼ 6–7, as well as a careful re-analysis of archival ALMA data. In total 29 galaxies were analysed, 21 of which are detected in [C II]. For several of the latter the [C II] emission breaks into multiple components. Only a fraction of these [C II] components, if any, is associated with the primary UV systems, while the bulk of the [C II] emission is associated either with fainter UV components, or not associated with any UV counterpart at the current limits. By taking into account the presence of all these components, we find that the L[CII]–SFR (star formation rate) relation at early epochs is fully consistent with the local relation, but it has a dispersion of 0.48 ± 0.07 dex, which is about two times larger than observed locally. We also find that the deviation from the local L[CII]–SFR relation has a weak anticorrelation with the EW(Ly α). The morphological analysis also reveals that [C II] emission is generally much more extended than the UV emission. As a consequence, these primordial galaxies are characterized by a [C II] surface brightness generally much lower than expected from the local Σ[CII]−ΣSFR relation. These properties are likely a consequence of a combination of different effects, namely gas metallicity, [C II] emission from obscured star-forming regions, strong variations of the ionization parameter, and circumgalactic gas in accretion or ejected by these primeval galaxies."}],"_id":"11555","date_created":"2022-07-11T08:05:42Z","doi":"10.1093/mnras/sty1088","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.03985","open_access":"1"}],"scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711"],"eissn":["1365-2966"]},"acknowledgement":"This paper makes use of the following ALMA data:\r\nADS/JAO.ALMA#2012.1.00719.S, ADS/JAO.ALMA#2012.A.00040.S,\r\nADS/JAO.ALMA#2013.A.00433.S, ADS/JAO.ALMA#2011.0.00115.S,\r\nADS/JAO.ALMA#2012.1.00033.S, ADS/JAO.ALMA#2012.1.00523.S,\r\nADS/JAO.ALMA#2013.1.00815.S, ADS/JAO.ALMA#2015.1.00834.S.,\r\nADS/JAO.ALMA#2015.1.01105.S, AND ADS/JAO.ALMA#2016.1.01240.S\r\nwhich can be retrieved from the ALMA data archive:\r\nhttps://almascience.eso.org/ alma-data/archive. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada) and NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO, and NAOJ. We are grateful to G. Jones to for providing his [C II] flux maps. RM and SC acknowledge support by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC). RM acknowledges ERC Advanced Grant 695671 ‘QUENCH’. AF acknowledges support from the ERC Advanced Grant INTERSTELLAR H2020/740120.","publication_status":"published","title":"Kiloparsec-scale gaseous clumps and star formation at z = 5–7","oa_version":"Preprint","article_processing_charge":"No","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics","galaxies: evolution","galaxies: high-redshift","galaxies: ISM","galaxies: formation"],"extern":"1","month":"07","status":"public","publisher":"Oxford University Press","external_id":{"arxiv":["1712.03985"]},"date_published":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","issue":"1","page":"1170-1184","day":"01","quality_controlled":"1"},{"date_published":"2018-06-01T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["1802.10102"]},"type":"journal_article","publisher":"Oxford University Press","status":"public","month":"06","keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics","galaxies: active","galaxies: evolution","galaxies: high-redshift","galaxies: ISM","galaxies: starburst","cosmology: observations"],"extern":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","day":"01","page":"2817-2840","issue":"2","oa":1,"volume":477,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","author":[{"last_name":"Sobral","first_name":"David","full_name":"Sobral, David"},{"full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","last_name":"Matthee","first_name":"Jorryt J"},{"last_name":"Darvish","first_name":"Behnam","full_name":"Darvish, Behnam"},{"last_name":"Smail","first_name":"Ian","full_name":"Smail, Ian"},{"full_name":"Best, Philip N","first_name":"Philip N","last_name":"Best"},{"last_name":"Alegre","first_name":"Lara","full_name":"Alegre, Lara"},{"last_name":"Röttgering","first_name":"Huub","full_name":"Röttgering, Huub"},{"full_name":"Mobasher, Bahram","last_name":"Mobasher","first_name":"Bahram"},{"full_name":"Paulino-Afonso, Ana","last_name":"Paulino-Afonso","first_name":"Ana"},{"first_name":"Andra","last_name":"Stroe","full_name":"Stroe, Andra"},{"last_name":"Oteo","first_name":"Iván","full_name":"Oteo, Iván"}],"publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_updated":"2022-08-19T07:01:08Z","intvolume":"       477","arxiv":1,"oa_version":"Preprint","article_processing_charge":"No","publication_status":"published","title":"The nature of luminous Ly α emitters at z ∼ 2–3: Maximal dust-poor starbursts and highly ionizing AGN","article_type":"original","acknowledgement":"We thank the anonymous reviewer for their timely and constructive comments that greatly helped us to improve the manuscript. DS acknowledges financial support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific research (NWO) through a Veni fellowship and from Lancaster University through an Early Career Internal Grant A100679. JM acknowledges the support of a Huygens PhD fellowship from Leiden University. BD acknowledges financial support from NASA through the Astrophysics Data Analysis Program (ADAP), grant number NNX12AE20G, and the National Science Foundation, grant number 1716907. IRS acknowledges support from the ERC Advanced Grant DUSTYGAL (321334), STFC (ST/P000541/1), and a Royal Society/Wolfson Merit Award. PNB is grateful for support from STFC via grant ST/M001229/1. We thank Anne Verhamme, Kimihiko Nakajima, Ryan Trainor, Sangeeta Malhotra, Max Gronke, James Rhoads, Fang Xia An, Matthew Hayes, Takashi Kojima, Mark Dijkstra, and Anne Jaskot for many helpful and engaging discussions, particularly during the SnowCLAW Ly α workshop. We thank Bruno Ribeiro, Stephane Charlot, and Joseph Caruana for comments on the manuscript. The authors would also like to thank Ingrid Tengs, Meg Singleton, Ali Khostovan, and Sara Perez for participating in part of the observations. We also thank Joao Calhau, Leah Morabito, Sergio Santos, and Aayush Saxena for their assistance with the narrow-band observations which allowed to select some of the sour ces. Based on observations obtained with the William Herschel Telescope, program: W16AN004; the Very Large Telescope, programs: 098.A-0819 & 099.A-0254; and the Keck II telescope, program: C267D. Based on data products from observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under ESO programme IDs 294.A-5018, 294.A-5039, 092.A-0786, 093.A-0561, 097.A-0943, 098.A-0819, 099.A-0254 and 179.A-2005. The authors acknowledge the award of service time (SW2014b20) on the WHT. WHT and its service programme are operated on the island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. The authors would also like to thank all the extremely helpful observatory staff that have greatly contributed towards our observations, particularly Fiona Riddick, Lilian Dominguez, Florencia Jimenez, and Ian Skillen. We have benefited greatly from the publicly available programming language PYTHON, including the NUMPY & SCIPY (Van Der Walt, Colbert & Varoquaux 2011; Jones et al. 2001), MATPLOTLIB (Hunter 2007), ASTROPY (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013), and the TOPCAT analysis program (Taylor 2013). This research has made use of the VizieR catalogue access tool, CDS, Strasbourg, France.","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1365-2966"],"issn":["0035-8711"]},"doi":"10.1093/mnras/sty782","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.10102"}],"scopus_import":"1","_id":"11557","date_created":"2022-07-12T07:18:02Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Deep narrow-band surveys have revealed a large population of faint Ly α emitters (LAEs) in the distant Universe, but relatively little is known about the most luminous sources (⁠LLyα≳1042.7 erg s−1; LLyα≳L∗Lyα⁠). Here we present the spectroscopic follow-up of 21 luminous LAEs at z ∼ 2–3 found with panoramic narrow-band surveys over five independent extragalactic fields (≈4 × 106 Mpc3 surveyed at z ∼ 2.2 and z ∼ 3.1). We use WHT/ISIS, Keck/DEIMOS, and VLT/X-SHOOTER to study these sources using high ionization UV lines. Luminous LAEs at z ∼ 2–3 have blue UV slopes (⁠β=−2.0+0.3−0.1⁠) and high Ly α escape fractions (⁠50+20−15 per cent) and span five orders of magnitude in UV luminosity (MUV ≈ −19 to −24). Many (70 per cent) show at least one high ionization rest-frame UV line such as C IV, N V, C III], He II or O III], typically blue-shifted by ≈100–200 km s−1 relative to Ly α. Their Ly α profiles reveal a wide variety of shapes, including significant blue-shifted components and widths from 200 to 4000 km s−1. Overall, 60 ± 11  per cent appear to be active galactic nucleus (AGN) dominated, and at LLyα > 1043.3 erg s−1 and/or MUV < −21.5 virtually all LAEs are AGNs with high ionization parameters (log U = 0.6 ± 0.5) and with metallicities of ≈0.5 − 1 Z⊙. Those lacking signatures of AGNs (40 ± 11  per cent) have lower ionization parameters (⁠logU=−3.0+1.6−0.9 and log ξion = 25.4 ± 0.2) and are apparently metal-poor sources likely powered by young, dust-poor ‘maximal’ starbursts. Our results show that luminous LAEs at z ∼ 2–3 are a diverse population and that 2×L∗Lyα and 2×M∗UV mark a sharp transition in the nature of LAEs, from star formation dominated to AGN dominated."}],"year":"2018","citation":{"apa":"Sobral, D., Matthee, J. J., Darvish, B., Smail, I., Best, P. N., Alegre, L., … Oteo, I. (2018). The nature of luminous Ly α emitters at z ∼ 2–3: Maximal dust-poor starbursts and highly ionizing AGN. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty782\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty782</a>","chicago":"Sobral, David, Jorryt J Matthee, Behnam Darvish, Ian Smail, Philip N Best, Lara Alegre, Huub Röttgering, et al. “The Nature of Luminous Ly α Emitters at z ∼ 2–3: Maximal Dust-Poor Starbursts and Highly Ionizing AGN.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty782\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty782</a>.","short":"D. Sobral, J.J. Matthee, B. Darvish, I. Smail, P.N. Best, L. Alegre, H. Röttgering, B. Mobasher, A. Paulino-Afonso, A. Stroe, I. Oteo, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 477 (2018) 2817–2840.","mla":"Sobral, David, et al. “The Nature of Luminous Ly α Emitters at z ∼ 2–3: Maximal Dust-Poor Starbursts and Highly Ionizing AGN.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 477, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2018, pp. 2817–40, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty782\">10.1093/mnras/sty782</a>.","ama":"Sobral D, Matthee JJ, Darvish B, et al. The nature of luminous Ly α emitters at z ∼ 2–3: Maximal dust-poor starbursts and highly ionizing AGN. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2018;477(2):2817-2840. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty782\">10.1093/mnras/sty782</a>","ista":"Sobral D, Matthee JJ, Darvish B, Smail I, Best PN, Alegre L, Röttgering H, Mobasher B, Paulino-Afonso A, Stroe A, Oteo I. 2018. The nature of luminous Ly α emitters at z ∼ 2–3: Maximal dust-poor starbursts and highly ionizing AGN. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 477(2), 2817–2840.","ieee":"D. Sobral <i>et al.</i>, “The nature of luminous Ly α emitters at z ∼ 2–3: Maximal dust-poor starbursts and highly ionizing AGN,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 477, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp. 2817–2840, 2018."}},{"_id":"11558","date_created":"2022-07-12T10:41:08Z","abstract":[{"text":"We present and explore deep narrow- and medium-band data obtained with the Subaru and the Isaac Newton Telescopes in the ∼2 deg2 COSMOS field. We use these data as an extremely wide, low-resolution (R ∼ 20–80) Integral Field Unit survey to slice through the COSMOS field and obtain a large sample of ∼4000 Ly α emitters (LAEs) from z ∼ 2 to 6 in 16 redshift slices (SC4K). We present new Ly α luminosity functions (LFs) covering a comoving volume of ∼108 Mpc3. SC4K extensively complements ultradeep surveys, jointly covering over 4 dex in Ly α luminosity and revealing a global (2.5 < z < 6) synergy LF with α=−1.93+0.12−0.12⁠, log10Φ∗Lyα=−3.45+0.22−0.29 Mpc−3, and log10L∗Lyα=42.93+0.15−0.11 erg s−1. The Schechter component of the Ly α LF reveals a factor ∼5 rise in L∗Lyα and a ∼7 × decline in Φ∗Lyα from z ∼ 2 to 6. The data reveal an extra power-law (or Schechter) component above LLy α ≈ 1043.3 erg s−1 at z ∼ 2.2–3.5 and we show that it is partially driven by X-ray and radio active galactic nucleus (AGN), as their Ly α LF resembles the excess. The power-law component vanishes and/or is below our detection limits above z > 3.5, likely linked with the evolution of the AGN population. The Ly α luminosity density rises by a factor ∼2 from z ∼ 2 to 3 but is then found to be roughly constant (⁠1.1+0.2−0.2×1040 erg s−1 Mpc−3) to z ∼ 6, despite the ∼0.7 dex drop in ultraviolet (UV) luminosity density. The Ly α/UV luminosity density ratio rises from 4 ± 1 per cent to 30 ± 6 per cent from z ∼ 2.2 to 6. Our results imply a rise of a factor of ≈2 in the global ionization efficiency (ξion) and a factor ≈4 ± 1 in the Ly α escape fraction from z ∼ 2 to 6, hinting for evolution in both the typical burstiness/stellar populations and even more so in the typical interstellar medium conditions allowing Ly α photons to escape.","lang":"eng"}],"year":"2018","citation":{"ama":"Sobral D, Santos S, Matthee JJ, et al. Slicing COSMOS with SC4K: The evolution of typical Ly α emitters and the Ly α escape fraction from z ∼ 2 to 6. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2018;476(4):4725-4752. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty378\">10.1093/mnras/sty378</a>","ieee":"D. Sobral <i>et al.</i>, “Slicing COSMOS with SC4K: The evolution of typical Ly α emitters and the Ly α escape fraction from z ∼ 2 to 6,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 476, no. 4. Oxford University Press, pp. 4725–4752, 2018.","ista":"Sobral D, Santos S, Matthee JJ, Paulino-Afonso A, Ribeiro B, Calhau J, Khostovan AA. 2018. Slicing COSMOS with SC4K: The evolution of typical Ly α emitters and the Ly α escape fraction from z ∼ 2 to 6. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 476(4), 4725–4752.","short":"D. Sobral, S. Santos, J.J. Matthee, A. Paulino-Afonso, B. Ribeiro, J. Calhau, A.A. Khostovan, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 476 (2018) 4725–4752.","chicago":"Sobral, David, Sérgio Santos, Jorryt J Matthee, Ana Paulino-Afonso, Bruno Ribeiro, João Calhau, and Ali A Khostovan. “Slicing COSMOS with SC4K: The Evolution of Typical Ly α Emitters and the Ly α Escape Fraction from z ∼ 2 to 6.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty378\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty378</a>.","apa":"Sobral, D., Santos, S., Matthee, J. J., Paulino-Afonso, A., Ribeiro, B., Calhau, J., &#38; Khostovan, A. A. (2018). Slicing COSMOS with SC4K: The evolution of typical Ly α emitters and the Ly α escape fraction from z ∼ 2 to 6. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty378\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty378</a>","mla":"Sobral, David, et al. “Slicing COSMOS with SC4K: The Evolution of Typical Ly α Emitters and the Ly α Escape Fraction from z ∼ 2 to 6.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 476, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2018, pp. 4725–52, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty378\">10.1093/mnras/sty378</a>."},"article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Preprint","title":"Slicing COSMOS with SC4K: The evolution of typical Ly α emitters and the Ly α escape fraction from z ∼ 2 to 6","publication_status":"published","article_type":"original","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711"],"eissn":["1365-2966"]},"acknowledgement":"We thank the anonymous referee for their constructive comments that helped us improve the manuscript. DS acknowledges the hospitality of the IAC and a Severo Ochoa visiting grant. SS and JC acknowledge studentships from the Lancaster University. JM acknowledges a Huygens PhD fellowship from Leiden University. APA acknowledges financial support from the Science and Technology Foundation (FCT, Portugal) through research grants UID/FIS/04434/2013 and fellowship PD/BD/52706/2014. The authors thank Alyssa Drake, Kimihiko Nakajima, Yuichi Harikane, Max Gronke, Irene Shivaei, Helmut Dannerbauer, Huub Rottgering, ¨ Marius Eide, and Masami Ouchi for many engaging and stimulating discussions. We also thank Sara Perez, Alex Bennett, and Tom Rose for their involvement in the early stages of this project. Based on data products from observations made with European Southern Observatory (ESO) Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under ESO programme IDs 294.A-5018, 097.A 0943,\r\n098.A-0819, 099.A-0254, and 179.A-2005 and on data products produced by TERAPIX and the Cambridge Astronomy Survey Unit on behalf of the UltraVISTA consortium. Based on observations using the WFC on the 2.5 m INT, as part of programmes 2013AN002, 2013BN008, 2014AC88, 2014AN002, 2014BN006, 2014BC118, and 2016AN001. The INT is operated on the island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. This work is based in part on data products produced at TERAPIX available at the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre as part of the Canada–France– Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey (CFHTLS), a collaborative project of NRC and CNRS.\r\nWe are grateful to the CFHTLS, COSMOS-UltraVISTA, and COSMOS survey teams. We are also unmeasurably thankful to the pioneering and continuous work from previous Ly α surveys’ teams. Without these previous Ly α and the wider reach legacy surveys, this research would have been impossible. We also thank the VUDS team for making available spectroscopic redshifts from data obtained with VIMOS at the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope, Paranal, Chile, under Large Programme 185.A-0791. Finally, the authors acknowledge the unique value of the publicly available programming language PYTHON, including the NUMPY and SCIPY (Van Der Walt, Colbert & Varoquaux 2011; Jones et al. 2001), MATPLOTLIB (Hunter 2007), ASTROPY (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013), and the TOPCAT analysis program (Taylor 2005). We publicly release a catalogue with all LAEs used in this paper (SC4K), so it can be freely explored by the community (see five example entries in Table A1).","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.04451","open_access":"1"}],"doi":"10.1093/mnras/sty378","scopus_import":"1","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_updated":"2022-08-19T07:04:45Z","intvolume":"       476","arxiv":1,"oa":1,"volume":476,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","author":[{"full_name":"Sobral, David","first_name":"David","last_name":"Sobral"},{"first_name":"Sérgio","last_name":"Santos","full_name":"Santos, Sérgio"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","first_name":"Jorryt J","last_name":"Matthee"},{"first_name":"Ana","last_name":"Paulino-Afonso","full_name":"Paulino-Afonso, Ana"},{"full_name":"Ribeiro, Bruno","last_name":"Ribeiro","first_name":"Bruno"},{"last_name":"Calhau","first_name":"João","full_name":"Calhau, João"},{"first_name":"Ali A","last_name":"Khostovan","full_name":"Khostovan, Ali A"}],"issue":"4","quality_controlled":"1","day":"01","page":"4725-4752","status":"public","month":"06","keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics","galaxies: evolution","galaxies: formation","galaxies: high-redshift","galaxies: luminosity function","mass function","galaxies: statistics"],"extern":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["1712.04451"]},"date_published":"2018-06-01T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","publisher":"Oxford University Press"},{"acknowledgement":"We gratefully acknowledge many helpful suggestions by the anonymous referee. Based on observations made with a) the Nordic Optical Telescope, operated by the Nordic Optical Telescope Scientific Association at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos; b) the ESO-3.6m telescope at La Silla Observatory under programme ID 0100.C-0808; c) the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo operated on the island of La Palma by the Fundación Galileo Galilei of the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica. NESSI was funded by the NASA Exoplanet Exploration Program and the NASA Ames Research Center. NESSI was built at the Ames Research Center by Steve B. Howell, Nic Scott, Elliott P. Horch, and Emmett Quigley. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 730890. This material reflects only the authors views and the Commission is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. DG gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the Programma Giovani Ricercatori – Rita Levi Montalcini – Rientro dei Cervelli (2012) awarded by the Italian Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR). SaM would like to acknowledge support from the Ramon y Cajal fellowship number RYC-2015-17697. AJ, MH, and SA acknowledge support by the Danish Council for Independent Research, through a DFF Sapere Aude Starting Grant nr. 4181-00487B. SzCs, APH, MP, and HR acknowledge the support of the DFG priority program SPP 1992Exploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets (grants HA 3279/12-1, PA 525/18-1, PA5 25/19-1 and PA525/20-1, RA 714/14-1) HD, CR, and FPH acknowledge the financial support from MINECO under grants ESP2015-65712-C5-4-R and AYA2016-76378-P. This paper has made use of the IAC Supercomputing facility HTCondor (http://research.cs.wisc.edu/htcondor/), partly financed by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness with FEDER funds, code IACA13-3E-2493. MF and CMP gratefully acknowledge the support of the Swedish National Space Board. RAG and StM thanks the support of the CNES PLATO grant. PGB is a postdoctoral fellow in the MINECO-programme ’Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion’ (IJCI-2015-26034). StM acknowledges support from ERC through SPIRE grant (647383) and from ISSI through the ENCELADE 2.0 team. VSA acknowledges support from VILLUM FONDEN (research grant 10118). MNL acknowledges support from the ESA-PRODEX programme. Funding for the Stellar Astrophysics Centre is provided by The Danish National Research Foundation (Grant agreement no.: DNRF106) This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This research was made with the use of NASA’s Astrophysics Data System and the NASA Exoplanet Archive, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program.","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711"],"eissn":["1365-2966"]},"article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.01860","open_access":"1"}],"doi":"10.1093/mnras/sty1390","oa_version":"Preprint","article_processing_charge":"No","title":"HD 89345: A bright oscillating star hosting a transiting warm Saturn-sized planet observed by K2","publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We report the discovery and characterization of HD 89345b (K2-234b; EPIC 248777106b), a Saturn-sized planet orbiting a slightly evolved star. HD 89345 is a bright star (V = 9.3 mag) observed by the K2 mission with 1 min time sampling. It exhibits solar-like oscillations. We conducted asteroseismology to determine the parameters of the star, finding the mass and radius to be 1.12+0.04−0.01M⊙ and 1.657+0.020−0.004R⊙⁠, respectively. The star appears to have recently left the main sequence, based on the inferred age, 9.4+0.4−1.3Gyr⁠, and the non-detection of mixed modes. The star hosts a ‘warm Saturn’ (P = 11.8 d, Rp = 6.86 ± 0.14 R⊕). Radial-velocity follow-up observations performed with the FIbre-fed Echelle Spectrograph, HARPS, and HARPS-N spectrographs show that the planet has a mass of 35.7 ± 3.3 M⊕. The data also show that the planet’s orbit is eccentric (e ≈ 0.2). An investigation of the rotational splitting of the oscillation frequencies of the star yields no conclusive evidence on the stellar inclination angle. We further obtained Rossiter–McLaughlin observations, which result in a broad posterior of the stellar obliquity. The planet seems to confirm to the same patterns that have been observed for other sub-Saturns regarding planet mass and multiplicity, orbital eccentricity, and stellar metallicity."}],"citation":{"short":"V. Van Eylen, F. Dai, S. Mathur, D. Gandolfi, S. Albrecht, M. Fridlund, R.A. García, E. Guenther, M. Hjorth, A.B. Justesen, J. Livingston, M.N. Lund, F. Pérez Hernández, J. Prieto-Arranz, C. Regulo, L.A. Bugnet, M.E. Everett, T. Hirano, D. Nespral, G. Nowak, E. Palle, V. Silva Aguirre, T. Trifonov, J.N. Winn, O. Barragán, P.G. Beck, W.J. Chaplin, W.D. Cochran, S. Csizmadia, H. Deeg, M. Endl, P. Heeren, S. Grziwa, A.P. Hatzes, D. Hidalgo, J. Korth, S. Mathis, P. Montañes Rodriguez, N. Narita, M. Patzold, C.M. Persson, F. Rodler, A.M.S. Smith, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 478 (2018) 4866–4880.","chicago":"Van Eylen, V, F Dai, S Mathur, D Gandolfi, S Albrecht, M Fridlund, R A García, et al. “HD 89345: A Bright Oscillating Star Hosting a Transiting Warm Saturn-Sized Planet Observed by K2.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1390\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1390</a>.","apa":"Van Eylen, V., Dai, F., Mathur, S., Gandolfi, D., Albrecht, S., Fridlund, M., … Smith, A. M. S. (2018). HD 89345: A bright oscillating star hosting a transiting warm Saturn-sized planet observed by K2. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1390\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1390</a>","mla":"Van Eylen, V., et al. “HD 89345: A Bright Oscillating Star Hosting a Transiting Warm Saturn-Sized Planet Observed by K2.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 478, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2018, pp. 4866–80, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1390\">10.1093/mnras/sty1390</a>.","ieee":"V. Van Eylen <i>et al.</i>, “HD 89345: A bright oscillating star hosting a transiting warm Saturn-sized planet observed by K2,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 478, no. 4. Oxford University Press, pp. 4866–4880, 2018.","ista":"Van Eylen V, Dai F, Mathur S, Gandolfi D, Albrecht S, Fridlund M, García RA, Guenther E, Hjorth M, Justesen AB, Livingston J, Lund MN, Pérez Hernández F, Prieto-Arranz J, Regulo C, Bugnet LA, Everett ME, Hirano T, Nespral D, Nowak G, Palle E, Silva Aguirre V, Trifonov T, Winn JN, Barragán O, Beck PG, Chaplin WJ, Cochran WD, Csizmadia S, Deeg H, Endl M, Heeren P, Grziwa S, Hatzes AP, Hidalgo D, Korth J, Mathis S, Montañes Rodriguez P, Narita N, Patzold M, Persson CM, Rodler F, Smith AMS. 2018. HD 89345: A bright oscillating star hosting a transiting warm Saturn-sized planet observed by K2. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 478(4), 4866–4880.","ama":"Van Eylen V, Dai F, Mathur S, et al. HD 89345: A bright oscillating star hosting a transiting warm Saturn-sized planet observed by K2. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2018;478(4):4866-4880. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1390\">10.1093/mnras/sty1390</a>"},"year":"2018","date_created":"2022-07-18T14:43:17Z","_id":"11620","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","author":[{"full_name":"Van Eylen, V","last_name":"Van Eylen","first_name":"V"},{"first_name":"F","last_name":"Dai","full_name":"Dai, F"},{"full_name":"Mathur, S","last_name":"Mathur","first_name":"S"},{"last_name":"Gandolfi","first_name":"D","full_name":"Gandolfi, D"},{"first_name":"S","last_name":"Albrecht","full_name":"Albrecht, S"},{"full_name":"Fridlund, M","last_name":"Fridlund","first_name":"M"},{"last_name":"García","first_name":"R A","full_name":"García, R A"},{"first_name":"E","last_name":"Guenther","full_name":"Guenther, E"},{"last_name":"Hjorth","first_name":"M","full_name":"Hjorth, M"},{"full_name":"Justesen, A B","last_name":"Justesen","first_name":"A B"},{"full_name":"Livingston, J","first_name":"J","last_name":"Livingston"},{"last_name":"Lund","first_name":"M N","full_name":"Lund, M N"},{"full_name":"Pérez Hernández, F","first_name":"F","last_name":"Pérez Hernández"},{"first_name":"J","last_name":"Prieto-Arranz","full_name":"Prieto-Arranz, J"},{"last_name":"Regulo","first_name":"C","full_name":"Regulo, C"},{"last_name":"Bugnet","first_name":"Lisa Annabelle","full_name":"Bugnet, Lisa Annabelle","id":"d9edb345-f866-11ec-9b37-d119b5234501","orcid":"0000-0003-0142-4000"},{"first_name":"M E","last_name":"Everett","full_name":"Everett, M E"},{"full_name":"Hirano, T","first_name":"T","last_name":"Hirano"},{"full_name":"Nespral, D","first_name":"D","last_name":"Nespral"},{"full_name":"Nowak, G","last_name":"Nowak","first_name":"G"},{"full_name":"Palle, E","first_name":"E","last_name":"Palle"},{"full_name":"Silva Aguirre, V","first_name":"V","last_name":"Silva Aguirre"},{"last_name":"Trifonov","first_name":"T","full_name":"Trifonov, T"},{"full_name":"Winn, J N","last_name":"Winn","first_name":"J N"},{"full_name":"Barragán, O","first_name":"O","last_name":"Barragán"},{"full_name":"Beck, P G","last_name":"Beck","first_name":"P G"},{"first_name":"W J","last_name":"Chaplin","full_name":"Chaplin, W J"},{"full_name":"Cochran, W D","first_name":"W D","last_name":"Cochran"},{"full_name":"Csizmadia, S","last_name":"Csizmadia","first_name":"S"},{"first_name":"H","last_name":"Deeg","full_name":"Deeg, H"},{"full_name":"Endl, M","first_name":"M","last_name":"Endl"},{"full_name":"Heeren, P","first_name":"P","last_name":"Heeren"},{"first_name":"S","last_name":"Grziwa","full_name":"Grziwa, S"},{"full_name":"Hatzes, A P","last_name":"Hatzes","first_name":"A P"},{"first_name":"D","last_name":"Hidalgo","full_name":"Hidalgo, D"},{"first_name":"J","last_name":"Korth","full_name":"Korth, J"},{"full_name":"Mathis, S","last_name":"Mathis","first_name":"S"},{"last_name":"Montañes Rodriguez","first_name":"P","full_name":"Montañes Rodriguez, P"},{"full_name":"Narita, N","first_name":"N","last_name":"Narita"},{"first_name":"M","last_name":"Patzold","full_name":"Patzold, M"},{"last_name":"Persson","first_name":"C M","full_name":"Persson, C M"},{"last_name":"Rodler","first_name":"F","full_name":"Rodler, F"},{"last_name":"Smith","first_name":"A M S","full_name":"Smith, A M S"}],"volume":478,"oa":1,"intvolume":"       478","arxiv":1,"date_updated":"2022-08-22T07:45:38Z","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","day":"01","page":"4866-4880","quality_controlled":"1","issue":"4","publisher":"Oxford University Press","type":"journal_article","date_published":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["1805.01860"]},"extern":"1","keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics","asteroseismology","planets and satellites: composition","planets and satellites: formation","planets and satellites: fundamental parameters"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","month":"08"},{"date_published":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["1609.05897"]},"type":"journal_article","publisher":"Oxford University Press","month":"04","status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics","galaxies: evolution","galaxies: haloes","galaxies: high-redshift","galaxies: luminosity function","mass function","galaxies: statistics","cosmology: observations"],"extern":"1","quality_controlled":"1","page":"1242-1258","day":"01","issue":"1","oa":1,"volume":466,"author":[{"full_name":"Sobral, David","first_name":"David","last_name":"Sobral"},{"first_name":"Jorryt J","last_name":"Matthee","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J"},{"full_name":"Best, Philip","first_name":"Philip","last_name":"Best"},{"first_name":"Andra","last_name":"Stroe","full_name":"Stroe, Andra"},{"first_name":"Huub","last_name":"Röttgering","full_name":"Röttgering, Huub"},{"last_name":"Oteo","first_name":"Iván","full_name":"Oteo, Iván"},{"last_name":"Smail","first_name":"Ian","full_name":"Smail, Ian"},{"last_name":"Morabito","first_name":"Leah","full_name":"Morabito, Leah"},{"full_name":"Paulino-Afonso, Ana","first_name":"Ana","last_name":"Paulino-Afonso"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_updated":"2022-08-19T07:18:20Z","arxiv":1,"intvolume":"       466","publication_status":"published","title":"The CALYMHA survey: Lyα luminosity function and global escape fraction of Lyα photons at z = 2.23","oa_version":"Preprint","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stw3090","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.05897","open_access":"1"}],"scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1365-2966"],"issn":["0035-8711"]},"acknowledgement":"We thank the reviewer for his/her helpful comments and suggestions that have greatly improved this work. DS and JM acknowledge financial support from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific research (NWO) through a Veni fellowship. DS also acknowledges funding from FCT through an FCT Investigator Starting Grant and Start-up Grant (IF/01154/2012/CP0189/CT0010). PNB is grateful for support from the UK STFC via grant ST/M001229/1. IRS acknowledges support from STFC (ST/L00075X/1), the ERC Advanced Investigator programme DUSTYGAL 321334 and a Royal Society/Wolfson merit award. We thank Matthew Hayes, Ryan Trainor, Kimihiko Nakajima and Anne Verhamme for many helpful discussions and Ana Sobral, Carolina Duarte and Miguel Domingos for taking part in observations with the NB392 filter. We also thank Sergio Santos for helpful comments. This research is based on observations obtained on the Isaac Newton Telescope (INT), programs: I13AN002, I14AN002, 088-INT7/14A, I14BN006, 118-INT13/14B & I15AN008. The authors acknowledge the award of time from programmes: I13AN002, I14AN002, 088-INT7/14A, I14BN006, 118-INT13/14B, I15AN008 on the INT. INT is operated on the island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. Based on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme ID 098.A 0819. We have benefited greatly from the publicly available programming language PYTHON, including the NUMPY, MATPLOTLIB, PYFITS, SCIPY and ASTROPY packages, the astronomical imaging tools SEXTRACTOR, SWARP (Bertin & Arnouts 1996; Bertin 2010), SCAMP (Bertin 2006) and TOPCAT (Taylor 2005). Dedicated to the memory of M. L. Nicolau and M. C. Serrano.","_id":"11562","date_created":"2022-07-12T12:04:16Z","year":"2017","citation":{"ama":"Sobral D, Matthee JJ, Best P, et al. The CALYMHA survey: Lyα luminosity function and global escape fraction of Lyα photons at z = 2.23. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2017;466(1):1242-1258. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw3090\">10.1093/mnras/stw3090</a>","ista":"Sobral D, Matthee JJ, Best P, Stroe A, Röttgering H, Oteo I, Smail I, Morabito L, Paulino-Afonso A. 2017. The CALYMHA survey: Lyα luminosity function and global escape fraction of Lyα photons at z = 2.23. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 466(1), 1242–1258.","ieee":"D. Sobral <i>et al.</i>, “The CALYMHA survey: Lyα luminosity function and global escape fraction of Lyα photons at z = 2.23,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 466, no. 1. Oxford University Press, pp. 1242–1258, 2017.","apa":"Sobral, D., Matthee, J. J., Best, P., Stroe, A., Röttgering, H., Oteo, I., … Paulino-Afonso, A. (2017). The CALYMHA survey: Lyα luminosity function and global escape fraction of Lyα photons at z = 2.23. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw3090\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw3090</a>","chicago":"Sobral, David, Jorryt J Matthee, Philip Best, Andra Stroe, Huub Röttgering, Iván Oteo, Ian Smail, Leah Morabito, and Ana Paulino-Afonso. “The CALYMHA Survey: Lyα Luminosity Function and Global Escape Fraction of Lyα Photons at z = 2.23.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw3090\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw3090</a>.","short":"D. Sobral, J.J. Matthee, P. Best, A. Stroe, H. Röttgering, I. Oteo, I. Smail, L. Morabito, A. Paulino-Afonso, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 466 (2017) 1242–1258.","mla":"Sobral, David, et al. “The CALYMHA Survey: Lyα Luminosity Function and Global Escape Fraction of Lyα Photons at z = 2.23.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 466, no. 1, Oxford University Press, 2017, pp. 1242–58, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw3090\">10.1093/mnras/stw3090</a>."},"abstract":[{"text":"We present the CAlibrating LYMan-α with Hα (CALYMHA) pilot survey and new results on Lyman α (Lyα) selected galaxies at z ∼ 2. We use a custom-built Lyα narrow-band filter at the Isaac Newton Telescope, designed to provide a matched volume coverage to the z = 2.23 Hα HiZELS survey. Here, we present the first results for the COSMOS and UDS fields. Our survey currently reaches a 3σ line flux limit of ∼4 × 10−17 erg s−1 cm−2, and a Lyα luminosity limit of ∼1042.3 erg s−1. We find 188 Lyα emitters over 7.3 × 105 Mpc3, but also find significant numbers of other line-emitting sources corresponding to He II, C III] and C IV emission lines. These sources are important contaminants, and we carefully remove them, unlike most previous studies. We find that the Lyα luminosity function at z = 2.23 is very well described by a Schechter function up to LLy α ≈ 1043 erg s−1 with L∗=1042.59+0.16−0.08 erg s−1, ϕ∗=10−3.09+0.14−0.34 Mpc−3 and α = −1.75 ± 0.25. Above LLy α ≈ 1043 erg s−1, the Lyα luminosity function becomes power-law like, driven by X-ray AGN. We find that Lyα-selected emitters have a high escape fraction of 37 ± 7 per cent, anticorrelated with Lyα luminosity and correlated with Lyα equivalent width. Lyα emitters have ubiquitous large (≈40 kpc) Lyα haloes, ∼2 times larger than their Hα extents. By directly comparing our Lyα and Hα luminosity functions, we find that the global/overall escape fraction of Lyα photons (within a 13 kpc radius) from the full population of star-forming galaxies is 5.1 ± 0.2 per cent at the peak of the star formation history. An extra 3.3 ± 0.3 per cent of Lyα photons likely still escape, but at larger radii.","lang":"eng"}]},{"month":"03","status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics","galaxies: evolution","galaxies: high-redshift","cosmology: observations","dark ages","reionization","first stars"],"extern":"1","date_published":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["1605.08782"]},"type":"journal_article","publisher":"Oxford University Press","issue":"3","quality_controlled":"1","page":"3637-3655","day":"01","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_updated":"2022-08-19T07:53:04Z","arxiv":1,"intvolume":"       465","oa":1,"volume":465,"author":[{"full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","last_name":"Matthee","first_name":"Jorryt J"},{"first_name":"David","last_name":"Sobral","full_name":"Sobral, David"},{"first_name":"Philip","last_name":"Best","full_name":"Best, Philip"},{"full_name":"Khostovan, Ali Ahmad","first_name":"Ali Ahmad","last_name":"Khostovan"},{"full_name":"Oteo, Iván","last_name":"Oteo","first_name":"Iván"},{"full_name":"Bouwens, Rychard","first_name":"Rychard","last_name":"Bouwens"},{"first_name":"Huub","last_name":"Röttgering","full_name":"Röttgering, Huub"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"11564","date_created":"2022-07-12T12:12:14Z","year":"2017","citation":{"ama":"Matthee JJ, Sobral D, Best P, et al. The production and escape of Lyman-Continuum radiation from star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 2 and their redshift evolution. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2017;465(3):3637-3655. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2973\">10.1093/mnras/stw2973</a>","ista":"Matthee JJ, Sobral D, Best P, Khostovan AA, Oteo I, Bouwens R, Röttgering H. 2017. The production and escape of Lyman-Continuum radiation from star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 2 and their redshift evolution. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 465(3), 3637–3655.","ieee":"J. J. Matthee <i>et al.</i>, “The production and escape of Lyman-Continuum radiation from star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 2 and their redshift evolution,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 465, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 3637–3655, 2017.","apa":"Matthee, J. J., Sobral, D., Best, P., Khostovan, A. A., Oteo, I., Bouwens, R., &#38; Röttgering, H. (2017). The production and escape of Lyman-Continuum radiation from star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 2 and their redshift evolution. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2973\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2973</a>","short":"J.J. Matthee, D. Sobral, P. Best, A.A. Khostovan, I. Oteo, R. Bouwens, H. Röttgering, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 465 (2017) 3637–3655.","chicago":"Matthee, Jorryt J, David Sobral, Philip Best, Ali Ahmad Khostovan, Iván Oteo, Rychard Bouwens, and Huub Röttgering. “The Production and Escape of Lyman-Continuum Radiation from Star-Forming Galaxies at z ∼ 2 and Their Redshift Evolution.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2973\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2973</a>.","mla":"Matthee, Jorryt J., et al. “The Production and Escape of Lyman-Continuum Radiation from Star-Forming Galaxies at z ∼ 2 and Their Redshift Evolution.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 465, no. 3, Oxford University Press, 2017, pp. 3637–55, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2973\">10.1093/mnras/stw2973</a>."},"abstract":[{"text":"We study the production rate of ionizing photons of a sample of 588 Hα emitters (HAEs) and 160 Lyman-α emitters (LAEs) at z = 2.2 in the COSMOS field in order to assess the implied emissivity from galaxies, based on their ultraviolet (UV) luminosity. By exploring the rest-frame Lyman Continuum (LyC) with GALEX/NUV data, we find fesc < 2.8 (6.4) per cent through median (mean) stacking. By combining the Hα luminosity density with intergalactic medium emissivity measurements from absorption studies, we find a globally averaged 〈fesc〉 of 5.9+14.5−4.2 per cent at z = 2.2 if we assume HAEs are the only source of ionizing photons. We find similarly low values of the global 〈fesc〉 at z ≈ 3–5, also ruling out a high 〈fesc〉 at z < 5. These low escape fractions allow us to measure ξion, the number of produced ionizing photons per unit UV luminosity, and investigate how this depends on galaxy properties. We find a typical ξion ≈ 1024.77 ± 0.04 Hz erg−1 for HAEs and ξion ≈ 1025.14 ± 0.09 Hz erg−1 for LAEs. LAEs and low-mass HAEs at z = 2.2 show similar values of ξion as typically assumed in the reionization era, while the typical HAE is three times less ionizing. Due to an increasing ξion with increasing EW(Hα), ξion likely increases with redshift. This evolution alone is fully in line with the observed evolution of ξion between z ≈ 2 and 5, indicating a typical value of ξion ≈ 1025.4 Hz erg−1 in the reionization era.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","title":"The production and escape of Lyman-Continuum radiation from star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 2 and their redshift evolution","article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Preprint","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stw2973","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.08782","open_access":"1"}],"scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1365-2966"],"issn":["0035-8711"]},"acknowledgement":"We thank the referee for the many helpful and constructive comments which have significantly improved this paper. JM acknowledges the support of a Huygens PhD fellowship from Leiden University. DS acknowledges financial support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific research (NWO) through a Veni fellowship and from FCT through an FCT Investigator Starting Grant and Start-up Grant (IF/01154/2012/CP0189/CT0010). PNB is grateful for support from the UK STFC via grant ST/M001229/1. IO acknowledges support from the European Research Council in the form of the Advanced Investigator Programme, 321302, COSMICISM. The authors thank Andreas Faisst, Michael Rutkowski and Andreas Sandberg for answering questions related to this work and Daniel Schaerer and Mark Dijkstra for discussions. We acknowledge the work that has been done by both the COSMOS team in assembling such large, state-of-the-art multi-wavelength data set, as this has been crucial for the results presented in this paper. We have benefited greatly from the public available programming language PYTHON, including the NUMPY, MATPLOTLIB, PYFITS, SCIPY (Jones et al. 2001; Hunter 2007; Van Der Walt, Colbert & Varoquaux 2011) and ASTROPY (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013) packages, the astronomical imaging tools SEXTRACTOR and SWARP (Bertin & Arnouts 1996;\r\nBertin 2010) and the TOPCAT analysis program (Taylor 2013)."},{"_id":"11565","date_created":"2022-07-12T12:25:08Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We use the hydrodynamical EAGLE simulation to study the magnitude and origin of the scatter in the stellar mass–halo mass relation for central galaxies. We separate cause and effect by correlating stellar masses in the baryonic simulation with halo properties in a matched dark matter only (DMO) simulation. The scatter in stellar mass increases with redshift and decreases with halo mass. At z = 0.1, it declines from 0.25 dex at M200, DMO ≈ 1011 M⊙ to 0.12 dex at M200, DMO ≈ 1013 M⊙, but the trend is weak above 1012 M⊙. For M200, DMO < 1012.5 M⊙ up to 0.04 dex of the scatter is due to scatter in the halo concentration. At fixed halo mass, a larger stellar mass corresponds to a more concentrated halo. This is likely because higher concentrations imply earlier formation times and hence more time for accretion and star formation, and/or because feedback is less efficient in haloes with higher binding energies. The maximum circular velocity, Vmax, DMO, and binding energy are therefore more fundamental properties than halo mass, meaning that they are more accurate predictors of stellar mass, and we provide fitting formulae for their relations with stellar mass. However, concentration alone cannot explain the total scatter in the Mstar−M200,DMO relation, and it does not explain the scatter in Mstar–Vmax, DMO. Halo spin, sphericity, triaxiality, substructure and environment are also not responsible for the remaining scatter, which thus could be due to more complex halo properties or non-linear/stochastic baryonic effects."}],"year":"2017","citation":{"mla":"Matthee, Jorryt J., et al. “The Origin of Scatter in the Stellar Mass–Halo Mass Relation of Central Galaxies in the EAGLE Simulation.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 465, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2017, pp. 2381–96, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2884\">10.1093/mnras/stw2884</a>.","apa":"Matthee, J. J., Schaye, J., Crain, R. A., Schaller, M., Bower, R., &#38; Theuns, T. (2017). The origin of scatter in the stellar mass–halo mass relation of central galaxies in the EAGLE simulation. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2884\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2884</a>","chicago":"Matthee, Jorryt J, Joop Schaye, Robert A. Crain, Matthieu Schaller, Richard Bower, and Tom Theuns. “The Origin of Scatter in the Stellar Mass–Halo Mass Relation of Central Galaxies in the EAGLE Simulation.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2884\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2884</a>.","short":"J.J. Matthee, J. Schaye, R.A. Crain, M. Schaller, R. Bower, T. Theuns, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 465 (2017) 2381–2396.","ama":"Matthee JJ, Schaye J, Crain RA, Schaller M, Bower R, Theuns T. The origin of scatter in the stellar mass–halo mass relation of central galaxies in the EAGLE simulation. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2017;465(2):2381-2396. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2884\">10.1093/mnras/stw2884</a>","ista":"Matthee JJ, Schaye J, Crain RA, Schaller M, Bower R, Theuns T. 2017. The origin of scatter in the stellar mass–halo mass relation of central galaxies in the EAGLE simulation. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 465(2), 2381–2396.","ieee":"J. J. Matthee, J. Schaye, R. A. Crain, M. Schaller, R. Bower, and T. Theuns, “The origin of scatter in the stellar mass–halo mass relation of central galaxies in the EAGLE simulation,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 465, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp. 2381–2396, 2017."},"article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Preprint","publication_status":"published","title":"The origin of scatter in the stellar mass–halo mass relation of central galaxies in the EAGLE simulation","article_type":"original","acknowledgement":"We thank the anonymous referee for their comments. JM acknowledges the support of a Huygens PhD fellowship from Leiden University. JM thanks David Sobral for useful discussions and help with fitting routines and Jonas Chavez Montero and Ying Zu for providing data. We thank PRACE for the access to the Curie facility in France. We have used the DiRAC system which is a part of National E-Infrastructure at Durham University, operated by the Institute for Computational Cosmology on behalf of the STFC DiRAC HPC Facility (www.dirac.ac.uk); the equipment was funded by BIS National E-infrastructure capital grant ST/K00042X/1, STFC capital grant ST/H008519/1, STFC DiRAC Operations grant ST/K003267/1 and Durham University. The study was sponsored by the Dutch National Computing Facilities Foundation (NCF) for the use of supercomputer facilities, with financial support from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), through VICI grant 639.043.409, and the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC Grant agreement 278594- GasAroundGalaxies, and from the Belgian Science Policy Office ([AP P7/08 CHARM]). We have benefited greatly from the public available programming language PYTHON, including the NUMPY, MATPLOTLIB, PYFITS, SCIPY, H5PY and RPY2 packages, and the TOPCAT analysis program (Taylor 2005).","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1365-2966"],"issn":["0035-8711"]},"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.08218"}],"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stw2884","scopus_import":"1","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_updated":"2022-08-19T07:56:07Z","intvolume":"       465","arxiv":1,"oa":1,"volume":465,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","author":[{"id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","first_name":"Jorryt J","last_name":"Matthee"},{"full_name":"Schaye, Joop","last_name":"Schaye","first_name":"Joop"},{"last_name":"Crain","first_name":"Robert A.","full_name":"Crain, Robert A."},{"full_name":"Schaller, Matthieu","last_name":"Schaller","first_name":"Matthieu"},{"full_name":"Bower, Richard","last_name":"Bower","first_name":"Richard"},{"full_name":"Theuns, Tom","first_name":"Tom","last_name":"Theuns"}],"issue":"2","quality_controlled":"1","day":"01","page":"2381-2396","status":"public","month":"02","keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics","galaxies: evolution","galaxies: formation","galaxies: haloes","cosmology: theory"],"extern":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_published":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["1608.08218"]},"type":"journal_article","publisher":"Oxford University Press"},{"year":"2017","citation":{"ista":"Stroe A, Sobral D, Matthee JJ, Calhau J, Oteo I. 2017. A 1.4 deg2 blind survey for C II], C III] and C IV at z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – I. Nature, morphologies and equivalent widths . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471(3), 2558–2574.","ieee":"A. Stroe, D. Sobral, J. J. Matthee, J. Calhau, and I. Oteo, “A 1.4 deg2 blind survey for C II], C III] and C IV at z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – I. Nature, morphologies and equivalent widths ,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 471, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 2558–2574, 2017.","ama":"Stroe A, Sobral D, Matthee JJ, Calhau J, Oteo I. A 1.4 deg2 blind survey for C II], C III] and C IV at z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – I. Nature, morphologies and equivalent widths . <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2017;471(3):2558-2574. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1712\">10.1093/mnras/stx1712</a>","mla":"Stroe, Andra, et al. “A 1.4 Deg2 Blind Survey for C II], C III] and C IV at z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – I. Nature, Morphologies and Equivalent Widths .” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 471, no. 3, Oxford University Press, 2017, pp. 2558–74, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1712\">10.1093/mnras/stx1712</a>.","apa":"Stroe, A., Sobral, D., Matthee, J. J., Calhau, J., &#38; Oteo, I. (2017). A 1.4 deg2 blind survey for C II], C III] and C IV at z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – I. Nature, morphologies and equivalent widths . <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1712\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1712</a>","chicago":"Stroe, Andra, David Sobral, Jorryt J Matthee, João Calhau, and Ivan Oteo. “A 1.4 Deg2 Blind Survey for C II], C III] and C IV at z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – I. Nature, Morphologies and Equivalent Widths .” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1712\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1712</a>.","short":"A. Stroe, D. Sobral, J.J. Matthee, J. Calhau, I. Oteo, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 471 (2017) 2558–2574."},"abstract":[{"text":"While traditionally associated with active galactic nuclei (AGN), the properties of the C II] (λ = 2326 Å), C III] (λ, λ = 1907, 1909 Å) and C IV (λ, λ = 1549, 1551 Å) emission lines are still uncertain as large, unbiased samples of sources are scarce. We present the first blind, statistical study of C II], C III] and C IV emitters at z ∼ 0.68, 1.05, 1.53, respectively, uniformly selected down to a flux limit of ∼4 × 10−17 erg s−1 cm−1 through a narrow-band survey covering an area of ∼1.4 deg2 over COSMOS and UDS. We detect 16 C II], 35 C III] and 17 C IV emitters, whose nature we investigate using optical colours as well as Hubble Space Telescope (HST), X-ray, radio and far-infrared data. We find that z ∼ 0.7 C II] emitters are consistent with a mixture of blue (UV slope β = −2.0 ± 0.4) star-forming (SF) galaxies with discy HST structure and AGN with Seyfert-like morphologies. Bright C II] emitters have individual X-ray detections as well as high average black hole accretion rates (BHARs) of ∼0.1 M⊙ yr−1. C III] emitters at z ∼ 1.05 trace a general population of SF galaxies, with β = −0.8 ± 1.1, a variety of optical morphologies, including isolated and interacting galaxies and low BHAR (<0.02 M⊙ yr−1). Our C IV emitters at z ∼ 1.5 are consistent with young, blue quasars (β ∼ −1.9) with point-like optical morphologies, bright X-ray counterparts and large BHAR (0.8  M⊙ yr−1). We also find some surprising C II], C III] and C IV emitters with rest-frame equivalent widths (EWs) that could be as large as 50–100 Å. AGN or spatial offsets between the UV continuum stellar disc and the line-emitting regions may explain the large EW. These bright C II], C III] and C IV emitters are ideal candidates for spectroscopic follow-up to fully unveil their nature.","lang":"eng"}],"_id":"11566","date_created":"2022-07-12T12:33:16Z","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stx1712","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.10169","open_access":"1"}],"scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1365-2966"],"issn":["0035-8711"]},"acknowledgement":"We would like to thank the anonymous referee for her/his valuable input that helped improve the clarity and interpretation of our results. DS acknowledges financial support from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific research (NWO), through a Veni fellowship. IO acknowledges support from the European Research Council in the form of the Advanced Investigator Programme, 321302, COSMICISM. CALYMHA data are based on observations made with the Isaac Newton Telescope (proposals 13AN002, I14AN002, 088-INT7/14A, I14BN006, 118-INT13/14B, I15AN008) operated on the island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias. Also based on data products from observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under ESO programme IDs 098.A-0819 and 179.A-2005. We are grateful to E. L. Wright and J. Schombert for their cosmology calculator. We would like to thank the authors of NUMPY (van der Walt et al. 2011), SCIPY (Jones et al. 2001), MATPLOTLIB (Hunter 2007) and ASTROPY (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013) for making these packages publicly available. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is ","publication_status":"published","title":"A 1.4 deg2 blind survey for C II], C III] and C IV at z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – I. Nature, morphologies and equivalent widths ","oa_version":"Preprint","article_processing_charge":"No","arxiv":1,"intvolume":"       471","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_updated":"2022-08-19T07:59:57Z","author":[{"full_name":"Stroe, Andra","last_name":"Stroe","first_name":"Andra"},{"full_name":"Sobral, David","first_name":"David","last_name":"Sobral"},{"id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","first_name":"Jorryt J","last_name":"Matthee"},{"full_name":"Calhau, João","first_name":"João","last_name":"Calhau"},{"last_name":"Oteo","first_name":"Ivan","full_name":"Oteo, Ivan"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa":1,"volume":471,"issue":"3","page":"2558-2574","day":"01","quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics","galaxies: active","galaxies: high-redshift","quasars: emission lines","galaxies: star formation","cosmology: observations"],"extern":"1","month":"11","status":"public","publisher":"Oxford University Press","external_id":{"arxiv":["1703.10169"]},"date_published":"2017-11-01T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article"},{"month":"11","status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics","galaxies: active","galaxies: high redshift","galaxies: luminosity function","mass function","quasars: emission lines","star formation","cosmology: observations"],"extern":"1","date_published":"2017-11-01T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["1703.10169"]},"type":"journal_article","publisher":"Oxford University Press","issue":"3","quality_controlled":"1","page":"2575-2586","day":"01","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_updated":"2022-08-19T08:02:04Z","arxiv":1,"intvolume":"       471","oa":1,"volume":471,"author":[{"full_name":"Stroe, Andra","first_name":"Andra","last_name":"Stroe"},{"full_name":"Sobral, David","last_name":"Sobral","first_name":"David"},{"first_name":"Jorryt J","last_name":"Matthee","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J"},{"full_name":"Calhau, João","last_name":"Calhau","first_name":"João"},{"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Oteo","full_name":"Oteo, Ivan"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"11567","date_created":"2022-07-12T12:54:57Z","year":"2017","citation":{"ieee":"A. Stroe, D. Sobral, J. J. Matthee, J. Calhau, and I. Oteo, “A 1.4 deg2 blind survey for C II], C III] and C IV at z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – II. Luminosity functions and cosmic average line ratios,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 471, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 2575–2586, 2017.","ista":"Stroe A, Sobral D, Matthee JJ, Calhau J, Oteo I. 2017. A 1.4 deg2 blind survey for C II], C III] and C IV at z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – II. Luminosity functions and cosmic average line ratios. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471(3), 2575–2586.","ama":"Stroe A, Sobral D, Matthee JJ, Calhau J, Oteo I. A 1.4 deg2 blind survey for C II], C III] and C IV at z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – II. Luminosity functions and cosmic average line ratios. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2017;471(3):2575-2586. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1713\">10.1093/mnras/stx1713</a>","mla":"Stroe, Andra, et al. “A 1.4 Deg2 Blind Survey for C II], C III] and C IV at z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – II. Luminosity Functions and Cosmic Average Line Ratios.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 471, no. 3, Oxford University Press, 2017, pp. 2575–86, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1713\">10.1093/mnras/stx1713</a>.","short":"A. Stroe, D. Sobral, J.J. Matthee, J. Calhau, I. Oteo, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 471 (2017) 2575–2586.","apa":"Stroe, A., Sobral, D., Matthee, J. J., Calhau, J., &#38; Oteo, I. (2017). A 1.4 deg2 blind survey for C II], C III] and C IV at z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – II. Luminosity functions and cosmic average line ratios. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1713\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1713</a>","chicago":"Stroe, Andra, David Sobral, Jorryt J Matthee, João Calhau, and Ivan Oteo. “A 1.4 Deg2 Blind Survey for C II], C III] and C IV at z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – II. Luminosity Functions and Cosmic Average Line Ratios.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1713\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1713</a>."},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Recently, the C III] and C IV emission lines have been observed in galaxies in the early Universe (z > 5), providing new ways to measure their redshift and study their stellar populations and active galactic nuclei (AGN). We explore the first blind C II], C III] and C IV survey (z ∼ 0.68, 1.05, 1.53, respectively) presented in Stroe et al. (2017). We derive luminosity functions (LF) and study properties of C II], C III] and C IV line emitters through comparisons to the LFs of H α and Ly α emitters, UV selected star-forming (SF) galaxies and quasars at similar redshifts. The C II] LF at z ∼ 0.68 is equally well described by a Schechter or a power-law LF, characteristic of a mixture of SF and AGN activity. The C III] LF (z ∼ 1.05) is consistent to a scaled down version of the Schechter H α and Ly α LF at their redshift, indicating a SF origin. In stark contrast, the C IV LF at z ∼ 1.53 is well fit by a power-law, quasar-like LF. We find that the brightest UV sources (MUV < −22) will universally have C III] and C IV emission. However, on average, C III] and C IV are not as abundant as H α or Ly α emitters at the same redshift, with cosmic average ratios of ∼0.02–0.06 to H α and ∼0.01–0.1 to intrinsic Ly α. We predict that the C III] and C IV lines can only be truly competitive in confirming high-redshift candidates when the hosts are intrinsically bright and the effective Ly α escape fraction is below 1 per cent. While C III] and C IV were proposed as good tracers of young, relatively low-metallicity galaxies typical of the early Universe, we find that, at least at z ∼ 1.5, C IV is exclusively hosted by AGN/quasars, especially at large line equivalent widths."}],"publication_status":"published","title":"A 1.4 deg2 blind survey for C II], C III] and C IV at z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – II. Luminosity functions and cosmic average line ratios","article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Preprint","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.10169"}],"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stx1713","scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711"],"eissn":["1365-2966"]}},{"status":"public","month":"11","keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics","galaxies: evolution – galaxies: high-redshift","dark ages","reionization","first stars","cosmology: observations"],"extern":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["1706.06591"]},"date_published":"2017-11-01T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","publisher":"Oxford University Press","issue":"1","quality_controlled":"1","day":"01","page":"772-787","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_updated":"2022-08-19T08:05:37Z","intvolume":"       472","arxiv":1,"oa":1,"volume":472,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","first_name":"Jorryt J","last_name":"Matthee"},{"full_name":"Sobral, David","first_name":"David","last_name":"Sobral"},{"full_name":"Darvish, Behnam","first_name":"Behnam","last_name":"Darvish"},{"first_name":"Sérgio","last_name":"Santos","full_name":"Santos, Sérgio"},{"full_name":"Mobasher, Bahram","first_name":"Bahram","last_name":"Mobasher"},{"full_name":"Paulino-Afonso, Ana","last_name":"Paulino-Afonso","first_name":"Ana"},{"last_name":"Röttgering","first_name":"Huub","full_name":"Röttgering, Huub"},{"first_name":"Lara","last_name":"Alegre","full_name":"Alegre, Lara"}],"_id":"11572","date_created":"2022-07-13T09:47:39Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We present spectroscopic follow-up of candidate luminous Ly α emitters (LAEs) at z = 5.7–6.6 in the SA22 field with VLT/X-SHOOTER. We confirm two new luminous LAEs at z = 5.676 (SR6) and z = 6.532 (VR7), and also present HST follow-up of both sources. These sources have luminosities LLy α ≈ 3 × 1043 erg s−1, very high rest-frame equivalent widths of EW0 ≳ 200 Å and narrow Ly α lines (200–340 km s−1). VR7 is the most UV-luminous LAE at z > 6.5, with M1500 = −22.5, even brighter in the UV than CR7. Besides Ly α, we do not detect any other rest-frame UV lines in the spectra of SR6 and VR7, and argue that rest-frame UV lines are easier to observe in bright galaxies with low Ly α equivalent widths. We confirm that Ly α line widths increase with Ly α luminosity at z = 5.7, while there are indications that Ly α lines of faint LAEs become broader at z = 6.6, potentially due to reionization. We find a large spread of up to 3 dex in UV luminosity for >L⋆ LAEs, but find that the Ly α luminosity of the brightest LAEs is strongly related to UV luminosity at z = 6.6. Under basic assumptions, we find that several LAEs at z ≈ 6–7 have Ly α escape fractions ≳ 100  per cent, indicating bursty star formation histories, alternative Ly α production mechanisms, or dust attenuating Ly α emission differently than UV emission. Finally, we present a method to compute ξion, the production efficiency of ionizing photons, and find that LAEs at z ≈ 6–7 have high values of log10(ξion/Hz erg−1) ≈ 25.51 ± 0.09 that may alleviate the need for high Lyman-Continuum escape fractions required for reionization."}],"year":"2017","citation":{"ieee":"J. J. Matthee <i>et al.</i>, “Spectroscopic properties of luminous Ly α emitters at z ≈ 6–7 and comparison to the Lyman-break population,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 472, no. 1. Oxford University Press, pp. 772–787, 2017.","ista":"Matthee JJ, Sobral D, Darvish B, Santos S, Mobasher B, Paulino-Afonso A, Röttgering H, Alegre L. 2017. Spectroscopic properties of luminous Ly α emitters at z ≈ 6–7 and comparison to the Lyman-break population. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 472(1), 772–787.","ama":"Matthee JJ, Sobral D, Darvish B, et al. Spectroscopic properties of luminous Ly α emitters at z ≈ 6–7 and comparison to the Lyman-break population. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2017;472(1):772-787. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2061\">10.1093/mnras/stx2061</a>","chicago":"Matthee, Jorryt J, David Sobral, Behnam Darvish, Sérgio Santos, Bahram Mobasher, Ana Paulino-Afonso, Huub Röttgering, and Lara Alegre. “Spectroscopic Properties of Luminous Ly α Emitters at z ≈ 6–7 and Comparison to the Lyman-Break Population.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2061\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2061</a>.","short":"J.J. Matthee, D. Sobral, B. Darvish, S. Santos, B. Mobasher, A. Paulino-Afonso, H. Röttgering, L. Alegre, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 472 (2017) 772–787.","apa":"Matthee, J. J., Sobral, D., Darvish, B., Santos, S., Mobasher, B., Paulino-Afonso, A., … Alegre, L. (2017). Spectroscopic properties of luminous Ly α emitters at z ≈ 6–7 and comparison to the Lyman-break population. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2061\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2061</a>","mla":"Matthee, Jorryt J., et al. “Spectroscopic Properties of Luminous Ly α Emitters at z ≈ 6–7 and Comparison to the Lyman-Break Population.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 472, no. 1, Oxford University Press, 2017, pp. 772–87, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2061\">10.1093/mnras/stx2061</a>."},"article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Preprint","publication_status":"published","title":"Spectroscopic properties of luminous Ly α emitters at z ≈ 6–7 and comparison to the Lyman-break population","article_type":"original","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1365-2966"],"issn":["0035-8711"]},"acknowledgement":"We thank the referee for a constructive report that has improved the quality and clarity of this work. The authors thank Grecco Oyarzún for discussions. JM acknowledges the support of a Huygens PhD fellowship from Leiden University. DS acknowledges financial support from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific research (NWO) through a Veni fellowship and from Lancaster University through an Early Career Internal Grant A100679. BD acknowledges financial support from NASA through the Astrophysics Data Analysis Program (ADAP), grant number NNX12AE20G. We thank Kasper Schmidt for providing measurements. Based on observations with the W.M. Keck Observatory through programme C267D. The W.M. Keck Observatory is operated as a scientific partnership amongst the California Institute of Technology, the University of California and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Based on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme IDs 097.A-0943, 294.A 5018 and 098.A-0819 and on data products produced by TERAPIX and the Cambridge Astronomy Survey Unit on behalf of the UltraVISTA consortium. The authors acknowledge the award of observing time (W16AN004) and of service time (SW2014b20) on the William Herschel Telescope (WHT). WHT and its service programme are operated on the island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA HST, obtained (from the Data Archive) at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These observations are associated with programme #14699. We are grateful for the excellent data sets from the COSMOS, UltraVISTA, SXDS, UDS and CFHTLS survey teams; without these legacy surveys, this research would have been impossible. We have benefited from the public available programming language PYTHON, including the NUMPY, MATPLOTLIB, PYFITS, SCIPY and ASTROPY packages, the astronomical imaging tools SEXTRACTOR, SWARP and SCAMP and the TOPCAT analysis tool (Taylor 2013).","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.06591","open_access":"1"}],"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stx2061","scopus_import":"1"},{"arxiv":1,"intvolume":"       471","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_updated":"2022-08-19T08:07:31Z","author":[{"full_name":"Turner, O. J.","first_name":"O. J.","last_name":"Turner"},{"full_name":"Cirasuolo, M.","first_name":"M.","last_name":"Cirasuolo"},{"full_name":"Harrison, C. M.","first_name":"C. M.","last_name":"Harrison"},{"first_name":"R. J.","last_name":"McLure","full_name":"McLure, R. J."},{"first_name":"J. S.","last_name":"Dunlop","full_name":"Dunlop, J. S."},{"last_name":"Swinbank","first_name":"A. M.","full_name":"Swinbank, A. M."},{"first_name":"H. L.","last_name":"Johnson","full_name":"Johnson, H. L."},{"first_name":"D.","last_name":"Sobral","full_name":"Sobral, D."},{"orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","first_name":"Jorryt J","last_name":"Matthee"},{"last_name":"Sharples","first_name":"R. M.","full_name":"Sharples, R. M."}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa":1,"volume":471,"year":"2017","citation":{"mla":"Turner, O. J., et al. “The KMOS Deep Survey (KDS) – I. Dynamical Measurements of Typical Star-Forming Galaxies at z ≃ 3.5.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 471, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2017, pp. 1280–320, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1366\">10.1093/mnras/stx1366</a>.","chicago":"Turner, O. J., M. Cirasuolo, C. M. Harrison, R. J. McLure, J. S. Dunlop, A. M. Swinbank, H. L. Johnson, D. Sobral, Jorryt J Matthee, and R. M. Sharples. “The KMOS Deep Survey (KDS) – I. Dynamical Measurements of Typical Star-Forming Galaxies at z ≃ 3.5.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1366\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1366</a>.","apa":"Turner, O. J., Cirasuolo, M., Harrison, C. M., McLure, R. J., Dunlop, J. S., Swinbank, A. M., … Sharples, R. M. (2017). The KMOS Deep Survey (KDS) – I. Dynamical measurements of typical star-forming galaxies at z ≃ 3.5. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1366\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1366</a>","short":"O.J. Turner, M. Cirasuolo, C.M. Harrison, R.J. McLure, J.S. Dunlop, A.M. Swinbank, H.L. Johnson, D. Sobral, J.J. Matthee, R.M. Sharples, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 471 (2017) 1280–1320.","ieee":"O. J. Turner <i>et al.</i>, “The KMOS Deep Survey (KDS) – I. Dynamical measurements of typical star-forming galaxies at z ≃ 3.5,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 471, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp. 1280–1320, 2017.","ista":"Turner OJ, Cirasuolo M, Harrison CM, McLure RJ, Dunlop JS, Swinbank AM, Johnson HL, Sobral D, Matthee JJ, Sharples RM. 2017. The KMOS Deep Survey (KDS) – I. Dynamical measurements of typical star-forming galaxies at z ≃ 3.5. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471(2), 1280–1320.","ama":"Turner OJ, Cirasuolo M, Harrison CM, et al. The KMOS Deep Survey (KDS) – I. Dynamical measurements of typical star-forming galaxies at z ≃ 3.5. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2017;471(2):1280-1320. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1366\">10.1093/mnras/stx1366</a>"},"abstract":[{"text":"We present dynamical measurements from the KMOS (K-band multi-object spectrograph) Deep Survey (KDS), which comprises 77 typical star-forming galaxies at z ≃ 3.5 in the mass range 9.0 < log (M⋆/M⊙) < 10.5. These measurements constrain the internal dynamics, the intrinsic velocity dispersions (σint) and rotation velocities (VC) of galaxies in the high-redshift Universe. The mean velocity dispersion of the galaxies in our sample is σint=70.8+3.3−3.1kms−1⁠, revealing that the increasing average σint with increasing redshift, reported for z ≲ 2, continues out to z ≃ 3.5. Only 36 ± 8 per cent of our galaxies are rotation-dominated (VC/σint > 1), with the sample average VC/σint value much smaller than at lower redshift. After carefully selecting comparable star-forming samples at multiple epochs, we find that the rotation-dominated fraction evolves with redshift with a z−0.2 dependence. The rotation-dominated KDS galaxies show no clear offset from the local rotation velocity–stellar mass (i.e. VC–M⋆) relation, although a smaller fraction of the galaxies are on the relation due to the increase in the dispersion-dominated fraction. These observations are consistent with a simple equilibrium model picture, in which random motions are boosted in high-redshift galaxies by a combination of the increasing gas fractions, accretion efficiency, specific star formation rate and stellar feedback and which may provide significant pressure support against gravity on the galactic disc scale.","lang":"eng"}],"_id":"11573","date_created":"2022-07-13T10:03:01Z","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.06263","open_access":"1"}],"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stx1366","scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711"],"eissn":["1365-2966"]},"acknowledgement":"We wish to thank the anonymous referee for their comments, which have improved the quality and clarity of this work. OJT acknowledges the financial support of the Science and Technology Facilities Council through a studentship award. MC and OJT acknowledge the KMOS team and all the personnel of the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope for outstanding support during the KMOS GTO observations. CMH, AMS and RMS acknowledge the Science and Technology Facilities Council through grant code ST/L00075X/1. RJM acknowledges the support of the European Research Council via the award of a Consolidator Grant (PI: McLure). JSD acknowledges the support of the European Research Council via the award of an Advanced Grant (PI J. Dunlop), and the contribution of the EC FP7 SPACE project ASTRODEEP (Ref.No: 312725). AMS acknowledges the Leverhulme Foundation. JM acknowledges the support of a Huygens PhD fellowship from Leiden University. DS acknowledges financial support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific research (NWO) through a Veni fellowship and from FCT through an FCT Investigator Starting Grant and Start-up Grant (IF/01154/2012/CP0189/CT0010). This work is based on observations taken by the CANDELS Multi-Cycle Treasury Program with the NASA/ESA HST, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. This work is based on observations taken by the 3D HST Treasury Program (GO 12177 and 12328) with the NASA/ESA HST, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Based on data obtained with the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope, Paranal, Chile, under Large Program 185.A-0791, and made available by the VUDS team at the CESAM data centre, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, France. Based on observations obtained at the Very Large Telescope of the European Southern Observatory. Programme IDs: 092.A 0399(A), 093.A-0122(A,B), 094.A-0214(A,B),095.A0680(A,B),096.A-0315(A,B,C).","title":"The KMOS Deep Survey (KDS) – I. Dynamical measurements of typical star-forming galaxies at z ≃ 3.5","publication_status":"published","article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Preprint","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics","galaxies: evolution","galaxies: high-redshift","galaxies: kinematics and dynamics"],"extern":"1","month":"10","status":"public","publisher":"Oxford University Press","date_published":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["1704.06263"]},"type":"journal_article","issue":"2","page":"1280-1320","day":"01","quality_controlled":"1"},{"volume":463,"oa":1,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","author":[{"full_name":"Santos, Sérgio","first_name":"Sérgio","last_name":"Santos"},{"full_name":"Sobral, David","first_name":"David","last_name":"Sobral"},{"full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","last_name":"Matthee","first_name":"Jorryt J"}],"date_updated":"2022-08-19T08:09:54Z","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","intvolume":"       463","arxiv":1,"oa_version":"Preprint","article_processing_charge":"No","publication_status":"published","title":"The Lyα luminosity function at z= 5.7–6.6 and the steep drop of the faint end: Implications for reionization","acknowledgement":"We thank the anonymous referee for useful and constructive comments and suggestions which greatly improved the quality and clarity of our work. The authors acknowledge financial support from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific research (NWO) through a Veni fellowship. SS and DS acknowledge funding from FCT through an FCT Investigator Starting Grant and Start-up Grant (IF/01154/2012/CP0189/CT0010). SS also acknowledges support from FCT through the research grants UID/FIS/04434/2013 and PTDC/FIS-AST/2194/2012. JM acknowledges a Huygens PhD fellowship from Leiden University. Based on observations with the Subaru Telescope (Program IDs: S05B-027, S06A-025, S06B-010, S07A-013, S07B-008, S08B-008, S09A-017, S14A-086). Based on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme ID 294.A-5018. Based on observations obtained with MegaPrime/Megacam, a joint project of CFHT and CEA/IRFU, at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institut National des Science de l’Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) of France, and the University of Hawaii. This work is based in part on data products produced at TERAPIX available at the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre as part of the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey, a collaborative project of NRC and CNRS. Based on data products from observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under ESO programme ID 179.A-2005 and on data products produced by TERAPIX and the Cambridge Astronomy Survey Unit on behalf of the UltraVISTA consortium. We are grateful to the CFHTLS, COSMOS-UltraVISTA, UKIDSS, SXDF and COSMOS survey teams. Without these legacy surveys, this research would have been impossible. The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct and explore observations from this mountain. Finally, the authors acknowledge the unique value of the publicly available programming language PYTHON, including the NUMPY, PYFITS, MATPLOTLIB, SCIPY and ASTROPY (Astropy Collaboration et al.","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711"],"eissn":["1365-2966"]},"article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.07435","open_access":"1"}],"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stw2076","date_created":"2022-07-13T10:08:20Z","_id":"11574","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We present new results from the widest narrow-band survey search for Lyα emitters at z = 5.7, just after reionization. We survey a total of 7 deg2 spread over the COSMOS, UDS and SA22 fields. We find over 11 000 line emitters, out of which 514 are robust Lyα candidates at z = 5.7 within a volume of 6.3 × 106 Mpc3. Our Lyα emitters span a wide range in Lyα luminosities, from faint to bright (LLyα ∼ 1042.5–44 erg s−1) and rest-frame equivalent widths (EW0 ∼ 25–1000 Å) in a single, homogeneous data set. By combining all our fields, we find that the faint end slope of the z = 5.7 Lyα luminosity function is very steep, with α=−2.3+0.4−0.3⁠. We also present an updated z = 6.6 Lyα luminosity function, based on comparable volumes and obtained with the same methods, which we directly compare with that at z = 5.7. We find a significant decline of the number density of faint Lyα emitters from z = 5.7 to 6.6 (by 0.5 ± 0.1 dex), but no evolution at the bright end/no evolution in L*. Faint Lyα emitters at z = 6.6 show much more extended haloes than those at z = 5.7, suggesting that neutral Hydrogen plays an important role, increasing the scattering and leading to observations missing faint Lyα emission within the epoch of reionization. Altogether, our results suggest that we are observing patchy reionization which happens first around the brightest Lyα emitters, allowing the number densities of those sources to remain unaffected by the increase of neutral Hydrogen fraction from z ∼ 5 to 7."}],"citation":{"ama":"Santos S, Sobral D, Matthee JJ. The Lyα luminosity function at z= 5.7–6.6 and the steep drop of the faint end: Implications for reionization. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2016;463(2):1678-1691. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2076\">10.1093/mnras/stw2076</a>","ista":"Santos S, Sobral D, Matthee JJ. 2016. The Lyα luminosity function at z= 5.7–6.6 and the steep drop of the faint end: Implications for reionization. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 463(2), 1678–1691.","ieee":"S. Santos, D. Sobral, and J. J. Matthee, “The Lyα luminosity function at z= 5.7–6.6 and the steep drop of the faint end: Implications for reionization,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 463, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp. 1678–1691, 2016.","apa":"Santos, S., Sobral, D., &#38; Matthee, J. J. (2016). The Lyα luminosity function at z= 5.7–6.6 and the steep drop of the faint end: Implications for reionization. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2076\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2076</a>","short":"S. Santos, D. Sobral, J.J. Matthee, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 463 (2016) 1678–1691.","chicago":"Santos, Sérgio, David Sobral, and Jorryt J Matthee. “The Lyα Luminosity Function at Z= 5.7–6.6 and the Steep Drop of the Faint End: Implications for Reionization.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2076\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2076</a>.","mla":"Santos, Sérgio, et al. “The Lyα Luminosity Function at Z= 5.7–6.6 and the Steep Drop of the Faint End: Implications for Reionization.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 463, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2016, pp. 1678–91, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2076\">10.1093/mnras/stw2076</a>."},"year":"2016","type":"journal_article","external_id":{"arxiv":["1606.07435"]},"date_published":"2016-12-01T00:00:00Z","publisher":"Oxford University Press","status":"public","month":"12","extern":"1","keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics","galaxies: high-redshift","galaxies: luminosity function","mass function","cosmology: observations","dark ages","reionization","first stars"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","day":"01","page":"1678-1691","issue":"2"},{"acknowledgement":"We thank Luca Cortese, Matt Bothwell, Paola Santini and Tim Davis for providing observational data sets, and Aaron Robotham, Luca Cortese and Barbara Catinella for useful discussions. CdPL is funded by a Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DE150100618). CdPL also thanks the MERAC Foundation for a Postdoctoral Research Award. This work used the DiRAC Data Centric system at Durham University, operated by the Institute for Computational Cosmology on behalf of the STFC DiRAC HPC Facility (www.dirac.ac.uk). This equipment was funded by BIS National E-infrastructure capital grant ST/K00042X/1, STFC capital grant ST/H008519/1, and STFC DiRAC Operations grant ST/K003267/1 and Durham University. DiRAC is part of the National E-Infrastructure. Support was also received via the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme initiated by the Belgian Science Policy Office ([AP P7/08 CHARM]), the National Science Foundation under grant no. NSF PHY11-25915, and the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (grant numbers ST/F001166/1 and ST/I000976/1) via rolling and consolidating grants awarded to the ICC. The research was supported in part by the European Research Council under the European Union‘s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement 278594-GasAroundGalaxies.","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711"],"eissn":["1365-2966"]},"article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1510.08067"}],"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stw717","oa_version":"Preprint","article_processing_charge":"No","title":"The Fundamental Plane of star formation in galaxies revealed by the EAGLE hydrodynamical simulations","publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"text":"We investigate correlations between different physical properties of star-forming galaxies in the ‘Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments’ (EAGLE) cosmological hydrodynamical simulation suite over the redshift range 0 ≤ z ≤ 4.5. A principal component analysis reveals that neutral gas fraction (fgas,neutral), stellar mass (Mstellar) and star formation rate (SFR) account for most of the variance seen in the population, with galaxies tracing a two-dimensional, nearly flat, surface in the three-dimensional space of fgas, neutral–Mstellar–SFR with little scatter. The location of this plane varies little with redshift, whereas galaxies themselves move along the plane as their fgas, neutral and SFR drop with redshift. The positions of galaxies along the plane are highly correlated with gas metallicity. The metallicity can therefore be robustly predicted from fgas, neutral, or from the Mstellar and SFR. We argue that the appearance of this ‘Fundamental Plane of star formation’ is a consequence of self-regulation, with the plane's curvature set by the dependence of the SFR on gas density and metallicity. We analyse a large compilation of observations spanning the redshift range 0 ≲ z ≲ 3, and find that such a plane is also present in the data. The properties of the observed Fundamental Plane of star formation are in good agreement with EAGLE's predictions.","lang":"eng"}],"citation":{"ieee":"C. del P. Lagos <i>et al.</i>, “The Fundamental Plane of star formation in galaxies revealed by the EAGLE hydrodynamical simulations,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 459, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 2632–2650, 2016.","ista":"Lagos C del P, Theuns T, Schaye J, Furlong M, Bower RG, Schaller M, Crain RA, Trayford JW, Matthee JJ. 2016. The Fundamental Plane of star formation in galaxies revealed by the EAGLE hydrodynamical simulations. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 459(3), 2632–2650.","ama":"Lagos C del P, Theuns T, Schaye J, et al. The Fundamental Plane of star formation in galaxies revealed by the EAGLE hydrodynamical simulations. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2016;459(3):2632-2650. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw717\">10.1093/mnras/stw717</a>","chicago":"Lagos, Claudia del P., Tom Theuns, Joop Schaye, Michelle Furlong, Richard G. Bower, Matthieu Schaller, Robert A. Crain, James W. Trayford, and Jorryt J Matthee. “The Fundamental Plane of Star Formation in Galaxies Revealed by the EAGLE Hydrodynamical Simulations.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw717\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw717</a>.","short":"C. del P. Lagos, T. Theuns, J. Schaye, M. Furlong, R.G. Bower, M. Schaller, R.A. Crain, J.W. Trayford, J.J. Matthee, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 459 (2016) 2632–2650.","apa":"Lagos, C. del P., Theuns, T., Schaye, J., Furlong, M., Bower, R. G., Schaller, M., … Matthee, J. J. (2016). The Fundamental Plane of star formation in galaxies revealed by the EAGLE hydrodynamical simulations. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw717\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw717</a>","mla":"Lagos, Claudia del P., et al. “The Fundamental Plane of Star Formation in Galaxies Revealed by the EAGLE Hydrodynamical Simulations.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 459, no. 3, Oxford University Press, 2016, pp. 2632–50, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw717\">10.1093/mnras/stw717</a>."},"year":"2016","date_created":"2022-07-13T10:21:24Z","_id":"11575","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","author":[{"last_name":"Lagos","first_name":"Claudia del P.","full_name":"Lagos, Claudia del P."},{"last_name":"Theuns","first_name":"Tom","full_name":"Theuns, Tom"},{"full_name":"Schaye, Joop","last_name":"Schaye","first_name":"Joop"},{"first_name":"Michelle","last_name":"Furlong","full_name":"Furlong, Michelle"},{"full_name":"Bower, Richard G.","last_name":"Bower","first_name":"Richard G."},{"full_name":"Schaller, Matthieu","last_name":"Schaller","first_name":"Matthieu"},{"last_name":"Crain","first_name":"Robert A.","full_name":"Crain, Robert A."},{"full_name":"Trayford, James W.","last_name":"Trayford","first_name":"James W."},{"id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","first_name":"Jorryt J","last_name":"Matthee"}],"volume":459,"oa":1,"intvolume":"       459","arxiv":1,"date_updated":"2022-08-19T08:12:07Z","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","day":"01","page":"2632-2650","quality_controlled":"1","issue":"3","publisher":"Oxford University Press","type":"journal_article","external_id":{"arxiv":["1510.08067"]},"date_published":"2016-07-01T00:00:00Z","extern":"1","keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics  stars: formation","ISM: evolution","galaxies: evolution","galaxies: formation","galaxies: ISM"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","month":"07"},{"publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_updated":"2022-08-19T08:15:21Z","intvolume":"       457","arxiv":1,"oa":1,"volume":457,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","author":[{"last_name":"Sobral","first_name":"David","full_name":"Sobral, David"},{"full_name":"Kohn, Saul A.","first_name":"Saul A.","last_name":"Kohn"},{"full_name":"Best, Philip N.","last_name":"Best","first_name":"Philip N."},{"full_name":"Smail, Ian","first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Smail"},{"full_name":"Harrison, Chris M.","first_name":"Chris M.","last_name":"Harrison"},{"full_name":"Stott, John","first_name":"John","last_name":"Stott"},{"full_name":"Calhau, João","last_name":"Calhau","first_name":"João"},{"last_name":"Matthee","first_name":"Jorryt J","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X"}],"_id":"11576","date_created":"2022-07-13T12:50:36Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We use new near-infrared spectroscopic observations to investigate the nature and evolution of the most luminous Hα emitters at z ∼ 0.8–2.23, which evolve strongly in number density over this period, and compare them to more typical Hα emitters. We study 59 luminous Hα emitters with LHα > L∗Hα⁠, roughly equally split per redshift slice at z ∼ 0.8, 1.47 and 2.23 from the HiZELS and CF-HiZELS surveys. We find that, overall, 30 ± 8 per cent are active galactic nuclei [AGNs; 80 ± 30 per cent of these AGNs are broad-line AGNs, BL-AGNs], and we find little to no evolution in the AGN fraction with redshift, within the errors. However, the AGN fraction increases strongly with Hα luminosity and correlates best with LHα/L∗Hα(z)⁠. While LHα ≤ L∗Hα(z) Hα emitters are largely dominated by star-forming galaxies (>80 per cent), the most luminous Hα emitters (⁠LHα>10L∗Hα(z)⁠) at any cosmic time are essentially all BL-AGN. Using our AGN-decontaminated sample of luminous star-forming galaxies, and integrating down to a fixed Hα luminosity, we find a factor of ∼1300 evolution in the star formation rate density from z = 0 to 2.23. This is much stronger than the evolution from typical Hα star-forming galaxies and in line with the evolution seen for constant luminosity cuts used to select ‘ultraluminous’ infrared galaxies and/or sub-millimetre galaxies. By taking into account the evolution in the typical Hα luminosity, we show that the most strongly star-forming Hα-selected galaxies at any epoch (⁠LHα>L∗Hα(z)⁠) contribute the same fractional amount of ≈15 per cent to the total star formation rate density, at least up to z = 2.23."}],"year":"2016","citation":{"ieee":"D. Sobral <i>et al.</i>, “The most luminous H α emitters at z ∼ 0.8–2.23 from HiZELS: Evolution of AGN and star-forming galaxies,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 457, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp. 1739–1752, 2016.","ista":"Sobral D, Kohn SA, Best PN, Smail I, Harrison CM, Stott J, Calhau J, Matthee JJ. 2016. The most luminous H α emitters at z ∼ 0.8–2.23 from HiZELS: Evolution of AGN and star-forming galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 457(2), 1739–1752.","ama":"Sobral D, Kohn SA, Best PN, et al. The most luminous H α emitters at z ∼ 0.8–2.23 from HiZELS: Evolution of AGN and star-forming galaxies. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2016;457(2):1739-1752. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw022\">10.1093/mnras/stw022</a>","mla":"Sobral, David, et al. “The Most Luminous H α Emitters at z ∼ 0.8–2.23 from HiZELS: Evolution of AGN and Star-Forming Galaxies.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 457, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2016, pp. 1739–52, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw022\">10.1093/mnras/stw022</a>.","chicago":"Sobral, David, Saul A. Kohn, Philip N. Best, Ian Smail, Chris M. Harrison, John Stott, João Calhau, and Jorryt J Matthee. “The Most Luminous H α Emitters at z ∼ 0.8–2.23 from HiZELS: Evolution of AGN and Star-Forming Galaxies.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw022\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw022</a>.","apa":"Sobral, D., Kohn, S. A., Best, P. N., Smail, I., Harrison, C. M., Stott, J., … Matthee, J. J. (2016). The most luminous H α emitters at z ∼ 0.8–2.23 from HiZELS: Evolution of AGN and star-forming galaxies. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw022\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw022</a>","short":"D. Sobral, S.A. Kohn, P.N. Best, I. Smail, C.M. Harrison, J. Stott, J. Calhau, J.J. Matthee, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 457 (2016) 1739–1752."},"article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Preprint","title":"The most luminous H α emitters at z ∼ 0.8–2.23 from HiZELS: Evolution of AGN and star-forming galaxies","publication_status":"published","article_type":"original","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711"],"eissn":["1365-2966"]},"acknowledgement":"The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewer for the many helpful comments and suggestions which greatly improved the clarity and quality of this work. DS and SAK acknowledge financial support from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific research (NWO) through a Veni fellowship. DS also acknowledges funding from FCT through an FCT Investigator Starting Grant and Start-up Grant (IF/01154/2012/CP0189/CT0010) and from FCT grant PEst-OE/FIS/UI2751/2014. Part of this project was undertaken during the inaugural Leiden/ESA Astrophysics Program for Summer Students (LEAPS). IRS acknowledges support from STFC (ST/L00075X/1), the ERC Advanced Investigator programme DUSTYGAL 321334 and a Royal Society/Wolfson merit award. CH acknowledges support from STFC. Based on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme ID 087.A-0337 and ID 089.A-0965. Also based on data from the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, with time awarded through OPTICON programmes 2011A/026 and 2012A020 and the William Herschel Telescope under programme W12BN007. The William Herschel Telescope is operated on the island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group in the Spanish\r\nObservatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. The authors wish to thank all the help given by the telescope staff from all the observatories used in this study: ESO staff in La Silla, and the TNG and WHT staff in La Palma. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All-Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation.","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stw022","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1601.02266"}],"scopus_import":"1","status":"public","month":"04","keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics","galaxies: evolution","galaxies: high-redshift","cosmology: observations"],"extern":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_published":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["1601.02266"]},"type":"journal_article","publisher":"Oxford University Press","issue":"2","quality_controlled":"1","day":"01","page":"1739-1752"},{"article_type":"original","acknowledgement":"We thank the anonymous referee for constructive comments and suggestions which have improved the quality of this work. JM acknowledges the support of a Huygens PhD fellowship from Leiden University. DS and JM acknowledge financial support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific research (NWO) through a Veni fellowship, and DS from FCT through a FCT Investigator Starting Grant and Start-up Grant (IF/01154/2012/CP0189/CT0010) and from FCT grant PEst-OE/FIS/UI2751/2014. IO acknowledges support from the European Research Council (ERC) in the form of Advanced Investigator Programme, COSMICISM, 321302. HR acknowledges support from the ERC Advanced Investigator programme NewClusters 321271. IRS acknowledges support from STFC (ST/L00075X/1), the ERC Advanced Investigator programme DUSTYGAL 321334 and a Royal Society/Wolfson Merit Award. APA acknowledges support from the Fundac¸ao para a Ciencia e para a Tecnologia (FCT) through the Fellowship SFRH/BD/52706/2014.\r\nBased on observations made with the Isaac Newton Telescope (proposals 2013AN002, 2013BN008, 2014AC88, 2014AN002, 2014BN006, 2014BC118) operated on the island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrof´ısica de Canarias. We acknowledge the tremendous work that has been done by both COSMOS and UKIDSS UDS/SXDF teams in assembling such large, state-ofthe-art multi-wavelength data sets over such wide areas, as those have been crucial for the results presented in this paper. The sample of HAEs is publicly available from Sobral et al. (2013).\r\nWe have benefited greatly from the publically available programming language PYTHON, including the NUMPY, MATPLOTLIB, PYFITS, SCIPY (Jones et al. 2001; Hunter 2007; Van Der Walt, Colbert & Varoquaux 2011) and ASTROPY (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013) packages, the imaging tools SEXTRACTOR, SWARP and SCAMP (Bertin & Arnouts 1996; Bertin 2006, 2010) and the TOPCAT analysis program (Taylor 2005).","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711"],"eissn":["1365-2966"]},"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1602.02756"}],"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stw322","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Preprint","title":"The CALYMHA survey: Lyα escape fraction and its dependence on galaxy properties at z = 2.23","publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"text":"We present the first results from our CAlibrating LYMan α with Hα (CALYMHA) pilot survey at the Isaac Newton Telescope. We measure Lyα emission for 488 Hα selected galaxies at z = 2.23 from High-z Emission Line Survey in the COSMOS and UDS fields with a specially designed narrow-band filter (λc = 3918 Å, Δλ = 52 Å). We find 17 dual Hα-Lyα emitters [fLyα > 5 × 10−17 erg s−1 cm−2, of which five are X-ray active galactic nuclei (AGN)]. For star-forming galaxies, we find a range of Lyα escape fractions (fesc, measured with 3 arcsec apertures) from 2 to 30 per cent. These galaxies have masses from 3 × 108 M⊙ to 1011 M⊙ and dust attenuations E(B − V) = 0–0.5. Using stacking, we measure a median escape fraction of 1.6 ± 0.5 per cent (4.0 ± 1.0 per cent without correcting Hα for dust), but show that this depends on galaxy properties. The stacked fesc tends to decrease with increasing star formation rate and dust attenuation. However, at the highest masses and dust attenuations, we detect individual galaxies with fesc much higher than the typical values from stacking, indicating significant scatter in the values of fesc. Relations between fesc and UV slope are bimodal, with high fesc for either the bluest or reddest galaxies. We speculate that this bimodality and large scatter in the values of fesc is due to additional physical mechanisms such as outflows facilitating fesc for dusty/massive systems. Lyα is significantly more extended than Hα and the UV. fesc continues to increase up to at least 20 kpc (3σ, 40 kpc [2σ]) for typical star-forming galaxies and thus the aperture is the most important predictor of fesc.","lang":"eng"}],"year":"2016","citation":{"mla":"Matthee, Jorryt J., et al. “The CALYMHA Survey: Lyα Escape Fraction and Its Dependence on Galaxy Properties at z = 2.23.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 458, no. 1, Oxford University Press, 2016, pp. 449–67, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw322\">10.1093/mnras/stw322</a>.","chicago":"Matthee, Jorryt J, David Sobral, Iván Oteo, Philip Best, Ian Smail, Huub Röttgering, and Ana Paulino-Afonso. “The CALYMHA Survey: Lyα Escape Fraction and Its Dependence on Galaxy Properties at z = 2.23.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw322\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw322</a>.","short":"J.J. Matthee, D. Sobral, I. Oteo, P. Best, I. Smail, H. Röttgering, A. Paulino-Afonso, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 458 (2016) 449–467.","apa":"Matthee, J. J., Sobral, D., Oteo, I., Best, P., Smail, I., Röttgering, H., &#38; Paulino-Afonso, A. (2016). The CALYMHA survey: Lyα escape fraction and its dependence on galaxy properties at z = 2.23. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw322\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw322</a>","ama":"Matthee JJ, Sobral D, Oteo I, et al. The CALYMHA survey: Lyα escape fraction and its dependence on galaxy properties at z = 2.23. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2016;458(1):449-467. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw322\">10.1093/mnras/stw322</a>","ieee":"J. J. Matthee <i>et al.</i>, “The CALYMHA survey: Lyα escape fraction and its dependence on galaxy properties at z = 2.23,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 458, no. 1. Oxford University Press, pp. 449–467, 2016.","ista":"Matthee JJ, Sobral D, Oteo I, Best P, Smail I, Röttgering H, Paulino-Afonso A. 2016. The CALYMHA survey: Lyα escape fraction and its dependence on galaxy properties at z = 2.23. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 458(1), 449–467."},"_id":"11578","date_created":"2022-07-14T08:51:37Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","first_name":"Jorryt J","last_name":"Matthee"},{"last_name":"Sobral","first_name":"David","full_name":"Sobral, David"},{"last_name":"Oteo","first_name":"Iván","full_name":"Oteo, Iván"},{"last_name":"Best","first_name":"Philip","full_name":"Best, Philip"},{"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Smail","full_name":"Smail, Ian"},{"last_name":"Röttgering","first_name":"Huub","full_name":"Röttgering, Huub"},{"full_name":"Paulino-Afonso, Ana","last_name":"Paulino-Afonso","first_name":"Ana"}],"oa":1,"volume":458,"intvolume":"       458","arxiv":1,"publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_updated":"2022-08-19T08:17:19Z","day":"01","page":"449-467","quality_controlled":"1","issue":"1","publisher":"Oxford University Press","external_id":{"arxiv":["1602.02756"]},"date_published":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics","galaxies: evolution","galaxies: high-redshift","galaxies: ISM"],"extern":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","month":"05"},{"date_published":"2015-11-01T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["1506.07173"]},"type":"journal_article","publisher":"Oxford University Press","month":"11","status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics","black hole physics","stars: Population III","galaxies: high-redshift"],"extern":"1","quality_controlled":"1","page":"2465-2470","day":"01","issue":"3","oa":1,"volume":453,"author":[{"full_name":"Pallottini, A.","first_name":"A.","last_name":"Pallottini"},{"full_name":"Ferrara, A.","last_name":"Ferrara","first_name":"A."},{"first_name":"F.","last_name":"Pacucci","full_name":"Pacucci, F."},{"full_name":"Gallerani, S.","first_name":"S.","last_name":"Gallerani"},{"first_name":"S.","last_name":"Salvadori","full_name":"Salvadori, S."},{"last_name":"Schneider","first_name":"R.","full_name":"Schneider, R."},{"full_name":"Schaerer, D.","last_name":"Schaerer","first_name":"D."},{"full_name":"Sobral, D.","first_name":"D.","last_name":"Sobral"},{"id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","first_name":"Jorryt J","last_name":"Matthee"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_updated":"2022-08-19T08:19:23Z","arxiv":1,"intvolume":"       453","publication_status":"published","title":"The brightest Lyα emitter: Pop III or black hole?","article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Preprint","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stv1795","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.07173","open_access":"1"}],"scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","acknowledgement":"SS acknowledges support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific research (NWO), VENI grant 639.041.233. RS acknowledges support from the European Research Council under the European Union (FP/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 306476. DS acknowledges (i) financial support from the NWO through a Veni fellowship and (ii) funding from FCT through a FCT Investigator Starting Grant and Start-up Grant (IF/01154/2012/CP0189/CT0010) and from FCT grant PEstOE/FIS/UI2751/2014.","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1365-2966"],"issn":["0035-8711"]},"_id":"11579","date_created":"2022-07-14T08:58:36Z","year":"2015","citation":{"ama":"Pallottini A, Ferrara A, Pacucci F, et al. The brightest Lyα emitter: Pop III or black hole? <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2015;453(3):2465-2470. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1795\">10.1093/mnras/stv1795</a>","ista":"Pallottini A, Ferrara A, Pacucci F, Gallerani S, Salvadori S, Schneider R, Schaerer D, Sobral D, Matthee JJ. 2015. The brightest Lyα emitter: Pop III or black hole? Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 453(3), 2465–2470.","ieee":"A. Pallottini <i>et al.</i>, “The brightest Lyα emitter: Pop III or black hole?,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 453, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 2465–2470, 2015.","mla":"Pallottini, A., et al. “The Brightest Lyα Emitter: Pop III or Black Hole?” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 453, no. 3, Oxford University Press, 2015, pp. 2465–70, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1795\">10.1093/mnras/stv1795</a>.","short":"A. Pallottini, A. Ferrara, F. Pacucci, S. Gallerani, S. Salvadori, R. Schneider, D. Schaerer, D. Sobral, J.J. Matthee, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 453 (2015) 2465–2470.","chicago":"Pallottini, A., A. Ferrara, F. Pacucci, S. Gallerani, S. Salvadori, R. Schneider, D. Schaerer, D. Sobral, and Jorryt J Matthee. “The Brightest Lyα Emitter: Pop III or Black Hole?” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2015. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1795\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1795</a>.","apa":"Pallottini, A., Ferrara, A., Pacucci, F., Gallerani, S., Salvadori, S., Schneider, R., … Matthee, J. J. (2015). The brightest Lyα emitter: Pop III or black hole? <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1795\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1795</a>"},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"CR7 is the brightest z = 6.6 Ly α emitter (LAE) known to date, and spectroscopic follow-up by Sobral et al. suggests that CR7 might host Population (Pop) III stars. We examine this interpretation using cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. Several simulated galaxies show the same ‘Pop III wave’ pattern observed in CR7. However, to reproduce the extreme CR7 Ly α/He II1640 line luminosities (⁠Lα/HeII⁠) a top-heavy initial mass function and a massive ( ≳ 107 M⊙) Pop III burst with age ≲ 2 Myr are required. Assuming that the observed properties of Ly α and He II emission are typical for Pop III, we predict that in the COSMOS/UDS/SA22 fields, 14 out of the 30 LAEs at z = 6.6 with Lα > 1043.3 erg s−1 should also host Pop III stars producing an observable LHeII≳1042.7ergs−1⁠. As an alternate explanation, we explore the possibility that CR7 is instead powered by accretion on to a direct collapse black hole. Our model predicts Lα, LHeII⁠, and X-ray luminosities that are in agreement with the observations. In any case, the observed properties of CR7 indicate that this galaxy is most likely powered by sources formed from pristine gas. We propose that further X-ray observations can distinguish between the two above scenarios."}]}]