---
_id: '1616'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The hippocampus plays a key role in learning and memory. Previous studies
    suggested that the main types of principal neurons, dentate gyrus granule cells
    (GCs), CA3 pyramidal neurons, and CA1 pyramidal neurons, differ in their activity
    pattern, with sparse firing in GCs and more frequent firing in CA3 and CA1 pyramidal
    neurons. It has been assumed but never shown that such different activity may
    be caused by differential synaptic excitation. To test this hypothesis, we performed
    high-resolution whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in anesthetized rats in vivo.
    In contrast to previous in vitro data, both CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons fired
    action potentials spontaneously, with a frequency of ∼3–6 Hz, whereas GCs were
    silent. Furthermore, both CA3 and CA1 cells primarily fired in bursts. To determine
    the underlying mechanisms, we quantitatively assessed the frequency of spontaneous
    excitatory synaptic input, the passive membrane properties, and the active membrane
    characteristics. Surprisingly, GCs showed comparable synaptic excitation to CA3
    and CA1 cells and the highest ratio of excitation versus hyperpolarizing inhibition.
    Thus, differential synaptic excitation is not responsible for differences in firing.
    Moreover, the three types of hippocampal neurons markedly differed in their passive
    properties. While GCs showed the most negative membrane potential, CA3 pyramidal
    neurons had the highest input resistance and the slowest membrane time constant.
    The three types of neurons also differed in the active membrane characteristics.
    GCs showed the highest action potential threshold, but displayed the largest gain
    of the input-output curves. In conclusion, our results reveal that differential
    firing of the three main types of hippocampal principal neurons in vivo is not
    primarily caused by differences in the characteristics of the synaptic input,
    but by the distinct properties of synaptic integration and input-output transformation.
acknowledgement: "The authors thank Jose Guzman for critically reading prior versions
  of the manuscript. They also thank T. Asenov for\r\nengineering mechanical devices,
  A. Schlögl for efficient pro-gramming, F. Marr for technical assistance, and E. Kramberger
  for manuscript editing."
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Janina
  full_name: Kowalski, Janina
  id: 3F3CA136-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kowalski
- first_name: Jian
  full_name: Gan, Jian
  id: 3614E438-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Gan
- first_name: Peter M
  full_name: Jonas, Peter M
  id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Jonas
  orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804
- first_name: Alejandro
  full_name: Pernia-Andrade, Alejandro
  id: 36963E98-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Pernia-Andrade
citation:
  ama: Kowalski J, Gan J, Jonas PM, Pernia-Andrade A. Intrinsic membrane properties
    determine hippocampal differential firing pattern in vivo in anesthetized rats.
    <i>Hippocampus</i>. 2016;26(5):668-682. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.22550">10.1002/hipo.22550</a>
  apa: Kowalski, J., Gan, J., Jonas, P. M., &#38; Pernia-Andrade, A. (2016). Intrinsic
    membrane properties determine hippocampal differential firing pattern in vivo
    in anesthetized rats. <i>Hippocampus</i>. Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.22550">https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.22550</a>
  chicago: Kowalski, Janina, Jian Gan, Peter M Jonas, and Alejandro Pernia-Andrade.
    “Intrinsic Membrane Properties Determine Hippocampal Differential Firing Pattern
    in Vivo in Anesthetized Rats.” <i>Hippocampus</i>. Wiley, 2016. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.22550">https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.22550</a>.
  ieee: J. Kowalski, J. Gan, P. M. Jonas, and A. Pernia-Andrade, “Intrinsic membrane
    properties determine hippocampal differential firing pattern in vivo in anesthetized
    rats,” <i>Hippocampus</i>, vol. 26, no. 5. Wiley, pp. 668–682, 2016.
  ista: Kowalski J, Gan J, Jonas PM, Pernia-Andrade A. 2016. Intrinsic membrane properties
    determine hippocampal differential firing pattern in vivo in anesthetized rats.
    Hippocampus. 26(5), 668–682.
  mla: Kowalski, Janina, et al. “Intrinsic Membrane Properties Determine Hippocampal
    Differential Firing Pattern in Vivo in Anesthetized Rats.” <i>Hippocampus</i>,
    vol. 26, no. 5, Wiley, 2016, pp. 668–82, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.22550">10.1002/hipo.22550</a>.
  short: J. Kowalski, J. Gan, P.M. Jonas, A. Pernia-Andrade, Hippocampus 26 (2016)
    668–682.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:53:03Z
date_published: 2016-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-10-17T10:02:02Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: PeJo
doi: 10.1002/hipo.22550
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 284b72b12fbe15474833ed3d4549f86b
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: system
  date_created: 2018-12-12T10:13:47Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:07Z
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  file_name: IST-2016-469-v1+1_Kowalski_et_al-Hippocampus.pdf
  file_size: 905348
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:07Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        26'
issue: '5'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 668 - 682
publication: Hippocampus
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1098-1063
  issn:
  - 1050-9631
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
publist_id: '5550'
pubrep_id: '469'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Intrinsic membrane properties determine hippocampal differential firing pattern
  in vivo in anesthetized rats
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
    (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
  short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 26
year: '2016'
...