---
_id: '8910'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: A semiconducting nanowire fully wrapped by a superconducting shell has been
    proposed as a platform for obtaining Majorana modes at small magnetic fields.
    In this study, we demonstrate that the appearance of subgap states in such structures
    is actually governed by the junction region in tunneling spectroscopy measurements
    and not the full-shell nanowire itself. Short tunneling regions never show subgap
    states, whereas longer junctions always do. This can be understood in terms of
    quantum dots forming in the junction and hosting Andreev levels in the Yu-Shiba-Rusinov
    regime. The intricate magnetic field dependence of the Andreev levels, through
    both the Zeeman and Little-Parks effects, may result in robust zero-bias peaks—features
    that could be easily misinterpreted as originating from Majorana zero modes but
    are unrelated to topological superconductivity.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: The authors thank A. Higginbotham, E. J. H. Lee and F. R. Martins
  for helpful discussions. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units
  of IST Austria through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication
  facility; the NOMIS Foundation and Microsoft; the European Union’s Horizon 2020
  research and innovation program under the Marie SklodowskaCurie grant agreement
  No 844511; the FETOPEN Grant Agreement No. 828948; the European Research Commission
  through the grant agreement HEMs-DAM No 716655; the Spanish Ministry of Science
  and Innovation through Grants PGC2018-097018-B-I00, PCI2018-093026, FIS2016-80434-P
  (AEI/FEDER, EU), RYC2011-09345 (Ram´on y Cajal Programme), and the Mar´ıa de Maeztu
  Programme for Units of Excellence in R&D (CEX2018-000805-M); the CSIC Research Platform
  on Quantum Technologies PTI-001.
article_number: 82-88
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Valentini, Marco
  id: C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425
  last_name: Valentini
- first_name: Fernando
  full_name: Peñaranda, Fernando
  last_name: Peñaranda
- first_name: Andrea C
  full_name: Hofmann, Andrea C
  id: 340F461A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hofmann
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Brauns, Matthias
  id: 33F94E3C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Brauns
- first_name: Robert
  full_name: Hauschild, Robert
  id: 4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hauschild
  orcid: 0000-0001-9843-3522
- first_name: Peter
  full_name: Krogstrup, Peter
  last_name: Krogstrup
- first_name: Pablo
  full_name: San-Jose, Pablo
  last_name: San-Jose
- first_name: Elsa
  full_name: Prada, Elsa
  last_name: Prada
- first_name: Ramón
  full_name: Aguado, Ramón
  last_name: Aguado
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
  ama: Valentini M, Peñaranda F, Hofmann AC, et al. Nontopological zero-bias peaks
    in full-shell nanowires induced by flux-tunable Andreev states. <i>Science</i>.
    2021;373(6550). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abf1513">10.1126/science.abf1513</a>
  apa: Valentini, M., Peñaranda, F., Hofmann, A. C., Brauns, M., Hauschild, R., Krogstrup,
    P., … Katsaros, G. (2021). Nontopological zero-bias peaks in full-shell nanowires
    induced by flux-tunable Andreev states. <i>Science</i>. American Association for
    the Advancement of Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abf1513">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abf1513</a>
  chicago: Valentini, Marco, Fernando Peñaranda, Andrea C Hofmann, Matthias Brauns,
    Robert Hauschild, Peter Krogstrup, Pablo San-Jose, Elsa Prada, Ramón Aguado, and
    Georgios Katsaros. “Nontopological Zero-Bias Peaks in Full-Shell Nanowires Induced
    by Flux-Tunable Andreev States.” <i>Science</i>. American Association for the
    Advancement of Science, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abf1513">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abf1513</a>.
  ieee: M. Valentini <i>et al.</i>, “Nontopological zero-bias peaks in full-shell
    nanowires induced by flux-tunable Andreev states,” <i>Science</i>, vol. 373, no.
    6550. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2021.
  ista: Valentini M, Peñaranda F, Hofmann AC, Brauns M, Hauschild R, Krogstrup P,
    San-Jose P, Prada E, Aguado R, Katsaros G. 2021. Nontopological zero-bias peaks
    in full-shell nanowires induced by flux-tunable Andreev states. Science. 373(6550),
    82–88.
  mla: Valentini, Marco, et al. “Nontopological Zero-Bias Peaks in Full-Shell Nanowires
    Induced by Flux-Tunable Andreev States.” <i>Science</i>, vol. 373, no. 6550, 82–88,
    American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2021, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abf1513">10.1126/science.abf1513</a>.
  short: M. Valentini, F. Peñaranda, A.C. Hofmann, M. Brauns, R. Hauschild, P. Krogstrup,
    P. San-Jose, E. Prada, R. Aguado, G. Katsaros, Science 373 (2021).
date_created: 2020-12-02T10:51:52Z
date_published: 2021-07-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-02-21T12:40:09Z
day: '02'
department:
- _id: GeKa
- _id: Bio
doi: 10.1126/science.abf1513
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2008.02348'
  isi:
  - '000677843100034'
intvolume: '       373'
isi: 1
issue: '6550'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.02348
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
project:
- _id: 262116AA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  name: Hybrid Semiconductor - Superconductor Quantum Devices
- _id: 26A151DA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '844511'
  name: Majorana bound states in Ge/SiGe heterostructures
publication: Science
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - '10959203'
  issn:
  - '00368075'
publication_status: published
publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - description: News on IST Homepage
    relation: press_release
    url: https://ist.ac.at/en/news/unfinding-a-split-electron/
  record:
  - id: '13286'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
  - id: '9389'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Nontopological zero-bias peaks in full-shell nanowires induced by flux-tunable
  Andreev states
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 373
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '8737'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Mitochondrial complex I couples NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreduction to proton pumping
    by an unknown mechanism. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy structures
    of ovine complex I in five different conditions, including turnover, at resolutions
    up to 2.3 to 2.5 angstroms. Resolved water molecules allowed us to experimentally
    define the proton translocation pathways. Quinone binds at three positions along
    the quinone cavity, as does the inhibitor rotenone that also binds within subunit
    ND4. Dramatic conformational changes around the quinone cavity couple the redox
    reaction to proton translocation during open-to-closed state transitions of the
    enzyme. In the induced deactive state, the open conformation is arrested by the
    ND6 subunit. We propose a detailed molecular coupling mechanism of complex I,
    which is an unexpected combination of conformational changes and electrostatic
    interactions.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: LifeSc
- _id: EM-Fac
acknowledgement: We thank J. Novacek (CEITEC Brno) and V.-V. Hodirnau (IST Austria)
  for their help with collecting cryo-EM datasets. We thank the IST Life Science and
  Electron Microscopy Facilities for providing equipment. This work has been supported
  by iNEXT,project number 653706, funded by the Horizon 2020 program of the European
  Union. This article reflects only the authors’view,and the European Commission is
  not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. CIISB
  research infrastructure project LM2015043 funded by MEYS CR is gratefully acknowledged
  for the financial support of the measurements at the CF Cryo-electron Microscopy
  and Tomography CEITEC MU.This project has received funding from the European Union’s
  Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant
  Agreement no. 665385
article_number: eabc4209
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Domen
  full_name: Kampjut, Domen
  id: 37233050-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kampjut
- first_name: Leonid A
  full_name: Sazanov, Leonid A
  id: 338D39FE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sazanov
  orcid: 0000-0002-0977-7989
citation:
  ama: Kampjut D, Sazanov LA. The coupling mechanism of mammalian respiratory complex
    I. <i>Science</i>. 2020;370(6516). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc4209">10.1126/science.abc4209</a>
  apa: Kampjut, D., &#38; Sazanov, L. A. (2020). The coupling mechanism of mammalian
    respiratory complex I. <i>Science</i>. American Association for the Advancement
    of Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc4209">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc4209</a>
  chicago: Kampjut, Domen, and Leonid A Sazanov. “The Coupling Mechanism of Mammalian
    Respiratory Complex I.” <i>Science</i>. American Association for the Advancement
    of Science, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc4209">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc4209</a>.
  ieee: D. Kampjut and L. A. Sazanov, “The coupling mechanism of mammalian respiratory
    complex I,” <i>Science</i>, vol. 370, no. 6516. American Association for the Advancement
    of Science, 2020.
  ista: Kampjut D, Sazanov LA. 2020. The coupling mechanism of mammalian respiratory
    complex I. Science. 370(6516), eabc4209.
  mla: Kampjut, Domen, and Leonid A. Sazanov. “The Coupling Mechanism of Mammalian
    Respiratory Complex I.” <i>Science</i>, vol. 370, no. 6516, eabc4209, American
    Association for the Advancement of Science, 2020, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc4209">10.1126/science.abc4209</a>.
  short: D. Kampjut, L.A. Sazanov, Science 370 (2020).
date_created: 2020-11-08T23:01:23Z
date_published: 2020-10-30T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-22T12:35:38Z
day: '30'
ddc:
- '572'
department:
- _id: LeSa
doi: 10.1126/science.abc4209
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000583031800004'
  pmid:
  - '32972993'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 658ba90979ca9528a2efdfac8547047a
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: lsazanov
  date_created: 2020-11-26T18:47:58Z
  date_updated: 2020-11-26T18:47:58Z
  file_id: '8820'
  file_name: Full_manuscript_with_SI_opt_red.pdf
  file_size: 7618987
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2020-11-26T18:47:58Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       370'
isi: 1
issue: '6516'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '665385'
  name: International IST Doctoral Program
publication: Science
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - '10959203'
publication_status: published
publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The coupling mechanism of mammalian respiratory complex I
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 370
year: '2020'
...