@phdthesis{1398,
  abstract     = {Hybrid zones represent evolutionary laboratories, where recombination brings together alleles in combinations which have not previously been tested by selection. This provides an excellent opportunity to test the effect of molecular variation on fitness, and how this variation is able to spread through populations in a natural context. The snapdragon Antirrhinum majus is polymorphic in the wild for two loci controlling the distribution of yellow and magenta floral pigments. Where the yellow A. m. striatum and the magenta A. m. pseudomajus meet along a valley in the Spanish Pyrenees they form a stable hybrid zone Alleles at these loci recombine to give striking transgressive variation for flower colour. The sharp transition in phenotype over ~1km implies strong selection maintaining the hybrid zone. An indirect assay of pollinator visitation in the field found that pollinators forage in a positive-frequency dependent manner on Antirrhinum, matching previous data on fruit set. Experimental arrays and paternity analysis of wild-pollinated seeds demonstrated assortative mating for pigmentation alleles, and that pollinator behaviour alone is sufficient to explain this pattern. Selection by pollinators should be sufficiently strong to maintain the hybrid zone, although other mechanisms may be at work. At a broader scale I examined evolutionary transitions between yellow and anthocyanin pigmentation in the tribe Antirrhinae, and found that selection has acted strate that pollinators are a major determinant of reproductive success and mating patterns in wild Antirrhinum.},
  author       = {Ellis, Thomas},
  issn         = {2663-337X},
  pages        = {130},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{The role of pollinator-mediated selection in the maintenance of a flower color polymorphism in an Antirrhinum majus hybrid zone}},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_526 },
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1409,
  author       = {Abbott, Richard and Barton, Nicholas H and Good, Jeffrey},
  journal      = {Molecular Ecology},
  number       = {11},
  pages        = {2325 -- 2332},
  publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  title        = {{Genomics of hybridization and its evolutionary consequences}},
  doi          = {10.1111/mec.13685},
  volume       = {25},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1420,
  abstract     = {Selection, mutation, and random drift affect the dynamics of allele frequencies and consequently of quantitative traits. While the macroscopic dynamics of quantitative traits can be measured, the underlying allele frequencies are typically unobserved. Can we understand how the macroscopic observables evolve without following these microscopic processes? This problem has been studied previously by analogy with statistical mechanics: the allele frequency distribution at each time point is approximated by the stationary form, which maximizes entropy. We explore the limitations of this method when mutation is small (4Nμ < 1) so that populations are typically close to fixation, and we extend the theory in this regime to account for changes in mutation strength. We consider a single diallelic locus either under directional selection or with overdominance and then generalize to multiple unlinked biallelic loci with unequal effects. We find that the maximum-entropy approximation is remarkably accurate, even when mutation and selection change rapidly. },
  author       = {Bod'ová, Katarína and Tkacik, Gasper and Barton, Nicholas H},
  journal      = {Genetics},
  number       = {4},
  pages        = {1523 -- 1548},
  publisher    = {Genetics Society of America},
  title        = {{A general approximation for the dynamics of quantitative traits}},
  doi          = {10.1534/genetics.115.184127},
  volume       = {202},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1195,
  abstract     = {The genetic analysis of experimentally evolving populations typically relies on short reads from pooled individuals (Pool-Seq). While this method provides reliable allele frequency estimates, the underlying haplotype structure remains poorly characterized. With small population sizes and adaptive variants that start from low frequencies, the interpretation of selection signatures in most Evolve and Resequencing studies remains challenging. To facilitate the characterization of selection targets, we propose a new approach that reconstructs selected haplotypes from replicated time series, using Pool-Seq data. We identify selected haplotypes through the correlated frequencies of alleles carried by them. Computer simulations indicate that selected haplotype-blocks of several Mb can be reconstructed with high confidence and low error rates, even when allele frequencies change only by 20% across three replicates. Applying this method to real data from D. melanogaster populations adapting to a hot environment, we identify a selected haplotype-block of 6.93 Mb. We confirm the presence of this haplotype-block in evolved populations by experimental haplotyping, demonstrating the power and accuracy of our haplotype reconstruction from Pool-Seq data. We propose that the combination of allele frequency estimates with haplotype information will provide the key to understanding the dynamics of adaptive alleles. },
  author       = {Franssen, Susan and Barton, Nicholas H and Schlötterer, Christian},
  journal      = {Molecular Biology and Evolution},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {174 -- 184},
  publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
  title        = {{Reconstruction of haplotype-blocks selected during experimental evolution.}},
  doi          = {10.1093/molbev/msw210},
  volume       = {34},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1224,
  abstract     = {Sexual dimorphism in resource allocation is expected to change during the life cycle of dioecious plants because of temporal differences between the sexes in reproductive investment. Given the potential for sex-specific differences in reproductive costs, resource availability may contribute to variation in reproductive allocation in females and males. Here, we used Rumex hastatulus, a dioecious, wind-pollinated annual plant, to investigate whether sexual dimorphism varies with life-history stage and nutrient availability, and determine whether allocation patterns differ depending on reproductive commitment. To examine if the costs of reproduction varied between the sexes, reproduction was either allowed or prevented through bud removal, and biomass allocation was measured at maturity. In a second experiment to assess variation in sexual dimorphism across the life cycle, and whether this varied with resource availability, plants were grown in high and low nutrients and allocation to roots, aboveground vegetative growth and reproduction were measured at three developmental stages. Males prevented from reproducing compensated with increased above- and belowground allocation to a much larger degree than females, suggesting that male reproductive costs reduce vegetative growth. The proportional allocation to roots, reproductive structures and aboveground vegetative growth varied between the sexes and among life-cycle stages, but not with nutrient treatment. Females allocated proportionally more resources to roots than males at peak flowering, but this pattern was reversed at reproductive maturity under low-nutrient conditions. Our study illustrates the importance of temporal dynamics in sex-specific resource allocation and provides support for high male reproductive costs in wind-pollinated plants.},
  author       = {Teitel, Zachary and Pickup, Melinda and Field, David and Barrett, Spencer},
  journal      = {Plant Biology},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {98 -- 103},
  publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  title        = {{The dynamics of resource allocation and costs of reproduction in a sexually dimorphic, wind-pollinated dioecious plant}},
  doi          = {10.1111/plb.12336},
  volume       = {18},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1241,
  abstract     = {How likely is it that a population escapes extinction through adaptive evolution? The answer to this question is of great relevance in conservation biology, where we aim at species’ rescue and the maintenance of biodiversity, and in agriculture and medicine, where we seek to hamper the emergence of pesticide or drug resistance. By reshuffling the genome, recombination has two antagonistic effects on the probability of evolutionary rescue: It generates and it breaks up favorable gene combinations. Which of the two effects prevails depends on the fitness effects of mutations and on the impact of stochasticity on the allele frequencies. In this article, we analyze a mathematical model for rescue after a sudden environmental change when adaptation is contingent on mutations at two loci. The analysis reveals a complex nonlinear dependence of population survival on recombination. We moreover find that, counterintuitively, a fast eradication of the wild type can promote rescue in the presence of recombination. The model also shows that two-step rescue is not unlikely to happen and can even be more likely than single-step rescue (where adaptation relies on a single mutation), depending on the circumstances.},
  author       = {Uecker, Hildegard and Hermisson, Joachim},
  journal      = {Genetics},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {721 -- 732},
  publisher    = {Genetics Society of America},
  title        = {{The role of recombination in evolutionary rescue}},
  doi          = {10.1534/genetics.115.180299},
  volume       = {202},
  year         = {2016},
}

@misc{9710,
  abstract     = {Much of quantitative genetics is based on the ‘infinitesimal model’, under which selection has a negligible effect on the genetic variance. This is typically justified by assuming a very large number of loci with additive effects. However, it applies even when genes interact, provided that the number of loci is large enough that selection on each of them is weak relative to random drift. In the long term, directional selection will change allele frequencies, but even then, the effects of epistasis on the ultimate change in trait mean due to selection may be modest. Stabilising selection can maintain many traits close to their optima, even when the underlying alleles are weakly selected. However, the number of traits that can be optimised is apparently limited to ~4Ne by the ‘drift load’, and this is hard to reconcile with the apparent complexity of many organisms. Just as for the mutation load, this limit can be evaded by a particular form of negative epistasis. A more robust limit is set by the variance in reproductive success. This suggests that selection accumulates information most efficiently in the infinitesimal regime, when selection on individual alleles is weak, and comparable with random drift. A review of evidence on selection strength suggests that although most variance in fitness may be because of alleles with large Nes, substantial amounts of adaptation may be because of alleles in the infinitesimal regime, in which epistasis has modest effects.},
  author       = {Barton, Nicholas H},
  publisher    = {Dryad},
  title        = {{Data from: How does epistasis influence the response to selection?}},
  doi          = {10.5061/dryad.s5s7r},
  year         = {2016},
}

@misc{9862,
  author       = {Roux, Camille and Fraisse, Christelle and Romiguier, Jonathan and Anciaux, Youann and Galtier, Nicolas and Bierne, Nicolas},
  publisher    = {Public Library of Science},
  title        = {{Simulation study to test the robustness of ABC in face of recent times of divergence}},
  doi          = {10.1371/journal.pbio.2000234.s016},
  year         = {2016},
}

@misc{9863,
  author       = {Roux, Camille and Fraisse, Christelle and Romiguier, Jonathan and Anciaux, Youann and Galtier, Nicolas and Bierne, Nicolas},
  publisher    = {Public Library of Science},
  title        = {{Accessions of surveyed individuals, geographic locations and summary statistics}},
  doi          = {10.1371/journal.pbio.2000234.s017},
  year         = {2016},
}

@misc{9864,
  abstract     = {Viral capsids are structurally constrained by interactions among the amino acids (AAs) of their constituent proteins. Therefore, epistasis is expected to evolve among physically interacting sites and to influence the rates of substitution. To study the evolution of epistasis, we focused on the major structural protein of the ϕX174 phage family by, first, reconstructing the ancestral protein sequences of 18 species using a Bayesian statistical framework. The inferred ancestral reconstruction differed at eight AAs, for a total of 256 possible ancestral haplotypes. For each ancestral haplotype and the extant species, we estimated, in silico, the distribution of free energies and epistasis of the capsid structure. We found that free energy has not significantly increased but epistasis has. We decomposed epistasis up to fifth order and found that higher-order epistasis sometimes compensates pairwise interactions making the free energy seem additive. The dN/dS ratio is low, suggesting strong purifying selection, and that structure is under stabilizing selection. We synthesized phages carrying ancestral haplotypes of the coat protein gene and measured their fitness experimentally. Our findings indicate that stabilizing mutations can have higher fitness, and that fitness optima do not necessarily coincide with energy minima.},
  author       = {Fernandes Redondo, Rodrigo A and de Vladar, Harold and Włodarski, Tomasz and Bollback, Jonathan P},
  publisher    = {The Royal Society},
  title        = {{Data from evolutionary interplay between structure, energy and epistasis in the coat protein of the ϕX174 phage family}},
  doi          = {10.6084/m9.figshare.4315652.v1},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1666,
  abstract     = {Evolution of gene regulation is crucial for our understanding of the phenotypic differences between species, populations and individuals. Sequence-specific binding of transcription factors to the regulatory regions on the DNA is a key regulatory mechanism that determines gene expression and hence heritable phenotypic variation. We use a biophysical model for directional selection on gene expression to estimate the rates of gain and loss of transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) in finite populations under both point and insertion/deletion mutations. Our results show that these rates are typically slow for a single TFBS in an isolated DNA region, unless the selection is extremely strong. These rates decrease drastically with increasing TFBS length or increasingly specific protein-DNA interactions, making the evolution of sites longer than ∼ 10 bp unlikely on typical eukaryotic speciation timescales. Similarly, evolution converges to the stationary distribution of binding sequences very slowly, making the equilibrium assumption questionable. The availability of longer regulatory sequences in which multiple binding sites can evolve simultaneously, the presence of “pre-sites” or partially decayed old sites in the initial sequence, and biophysical cooperativity between transcription factors, can all facilitate gain of TFBS and reconcile theoretical calculations with timescales inferred from comparative genomics.},
  author       = {Tugrul, Murat and Paixao, Tiago and Barton, Nicholas H and Tkacik, Gasper},
  journal      = {PLoS Genetics},
  number       = {11},
  publisher    = {Public Library of Science},
  title        = {{Dynamics of transcription factor binding site evolution}},
  doi          = {10.1371/journal.pgen.1005639},
  volume       = {11},
  year         = {2015},
}

@article{1681,
  abstract     = {In many social situations, individuals endeavor to find the single best possible partner, but are constrained to evaluate the candidates in sequence. Examples include the search for mates, economic partnerships, or any other long-term ties where the choice to interact involves two parties. Surprisingly, however, previous theoretical work on mutual choice problems focuses on finding equilibrium solutions, while ignoring the evolutionary dynamics of decisions. Empirically, this may be of high importance, as some equilibrium solutions can never be reached unless the population undergoes radical changes and a sufficient number of individuals change their decisions simultaneously. To address this question, we apply a mutual choice sequential search problem in an evolutionary game-theoretical model that allows one to find solutions that are favored by evolution. As an example, we study the influence of sequential search on the evolutionary dynamics of cooperation. For this, we focus on the classic snowdrift game and the prisoner’s dilemma game.},
  author       = {Priklopil, Tadeas and Chatterjee, Krishnendu},
  issn         = {2073-4336},
  journal      = {Games},
  number       = {4},
  pages        = {413 -- 437},
  publisher    = {MDPI},
  title        = {{Evolution of decisions in population games with sequentially searching individuals}},
  doi          = {10.3390/g6040413},
  volume       = {6},
  year         = {2015},
}

@article{1699,
  abstract     = {By hybridization and backcrossing, alleles can surmount species boundaries and be incorporated into the genome of a related species. This introgression of genes is of particular evolutionary relevance if it involves the transfer of adaptations between populations. However, any beneficial allele will typically be associated with other alien alleles that are often deleterious and hamper the introgression process. In order to describe the introgression of an adaptive allele, we set up a stochastic model with an explicit genetic makeup of linked and unlinked deleterious alleles. Based on the theory of reducible multitype branching processes, we derive a recursive expression for the establishment probability of the beneficial allele after a single hybridization event. We furthermore study the probability that slightly deleterious alleles hitchhike to fixation. The key to the analysis is a split of the process into a stochastic phase in which the advantageous alleles establishes and a deterministic phase in which it sweeps to fixation. We thereafter apply the theory to a set of biologically relevant scenarios such as introgression in the presence of many unlinked or few closely linked deleterious alleles. A comparison to computer simulations shows that the approximations work well over a large parameter range.},
  author       = {Uecker, Hildegard and Setter, Derek and Hermisson, Joachim},
  journal      = {Journal of Mathematical Biology},
  number       = {7},
  pages        = {1523 -- 1580},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  title        = {{Adaptive gene introgression after secondary contact}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00285-014-0802-y},
  volume       = {70},
  year         = {2015},
}

@article{1703,
  abstract     = {Vegetation clearing and land-use change have depleted many natural plant communities to the point where restoration is required. A major impediment to the success of rebuilding complex vegetation communities is having regular access to sufficient quantities of high-quality seed. Seed-production areas (SPAs) can help generate this seed, but these must be underpinned by a broad genetic base to maximise the evolutionary potential of restored populations. However, genetic bottlenecks can occur at the collection, establishment and production stages in SPAs, requiring genetic evaluation. This is especially relevant for species that may take many years before a return on SPA investment is realised. Two recently established yellow box (Eucalyptus melliodora A.Cunn. ex Schauer, Myrtaceae) SPAs were evaluated to determine whether genetic bottlenecks had occurred between seed collection and SPA establishment. No evidence was found to suggest that a significant loss of genetic diversity had occurred at this stage, although there was a significant difference in diversity between the two SPAs. Complex population genetic structure was also observed in the seed used to source the SPAs, with up to eight groups identified. Plant survival in the SPAs was influenced by seed collection location but not by SPA location and was not associated with genetic diversity. There were also no associations between genetic diversity and plant growth. These data highlighted the importance of chance events when establishing SPAs and indicated that the two yellow box SPAs are likely to provide genetically diverse seed sources for future restoration projects, especially by pooling seed from both SPAs.},
  author       = {Broadhurst, Linda and Fifield, Graham and Vanzella, Bindi and Pickup, Melinda},
  journal      = {Australian Journal of Botany},
  number       = {5},
  pages        = {455 -- 466},
  publisher    = {CSIRO},
  title        = {{An evaluation of the genetic structure of seed sources and the maintenance of genetic diversity during establishment of two yellow box (Eucalyptus melliodora) seed-production areas}},
  doi          = {10.1071/BT15023},
  volume       = {63},
  year         = {2015},
}

@article{1809,
  abstract     = {Background: Indirect genetic effects (IGEs) occur when genes expressed in one individual alter the expression of traits in social partners. Previous studies focused on the evolutionary consequences and evolutionary dynamics of IGEs, using equilibrium solutions to predict phenotypes in subsequent generations. However, whether or not such steady states may be reached may depend on the dynamics of interactions themselves. Results: In our study, we focus on the dynamics of social interactions and indirect genetic effects and investigate how they modify phenotypes over time. Unlike previous IGE studies, we do not analyse evolutionary dynamics; rather we consider within-individual phenotypic changes, also referred to as phenotypic plasticity. We analyse iterative interactions, when individuals interact in a series of discontinuous events, and investigate the stability of steady state solutions and the dependence on model parameters, such as population size, strength, and the nature of interactions. We show that for interactions where a feedback loop occurs, the possible parameter space of interaction strength is fairly limited, affecting the evolutionary consequences of IGEs. We discuss the implications of our results for current IGE model predictions and their limitations.},
  author       = {Trubenova, Barbora and Novak, Sebastian and Hager, Reinmar},
  journal      = {PLoS One},
  number       = {5},
  publisher    = {Public Library of Science},
  title        = {{Indirect genetic effects and the dynamics of social interactions}},
  doi          = {10.1371/journal.pone.0126907},
  volume       = {10},
  year         = {2015},
}

@article{1818,
  abstract     = {Why do species not adapt to ever-wider ranges of conditions, gradually expanding their ecological niche and geographic range? Gene flow across environments has two conflicting effects: although it increases genetic variation, which is a prerequisite for adaptation, gene flow may swamp adaptation to local conditions. In 1956, Haldane proposed that, when the environment varies across space, "swamping" by gene flow creates a positive feedback between low population size and maladaptation, leading to a sharp range margin. However, current deterministic theory shows that, when variance can evolve, there is no such limit. Using simple analytical tools and simulations, we show that genetic drift can generate a sharp margin to a species' range, by reducing genetic variance below the level needed for adaptation to spatially variable conditions. Aided by separation of ecological and evolutionary timescales, the identified effective dimensionless parameters reveal a simple threshold that predicts when adaptation at the range margin fails. Two observable parameters determine the threshold: (i) the effective environmental gradient, which can be measured by the loss of fitness due to dispersal to a different environment; and (ii) the efficacy of selection relative to genetic drift. The theory predicts sharp range margins even in the absence of abrupt changes in the environment. Furthermore, it implies that gradual worsening of conditions across a species' habitat may lead to a sudden range fragmentation, when adaptation to a wide span of conditions within a single species becomes impossible.},
  author       = {Polechova, Jitka and Barton, Nicholas H},
  journal      = {PNAS},
  number       = {20},
  pages        = {6401 -- 6406},
  publisher    = {National Academy of Sciences},
  title        = {{Limits to adaptation along environmental gradients}},
  doi          = {10.1073/pnas.1421515112},
  volume       = {112},
  year         = {2015},
}

@inproceedings{1835,
  abstract     = {The behaviour of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) is typically analysed using simulation-based statistical testing-like methods. In this paper, we demonstrate that we can replace this approach by a formal verification-like method that gives higher assurance and scalability. We focus on Wagner’s weighted GRN model with varying weights, which is used in evolutionary biology. In the model, weight parameters represent the gene interaction strength that may change due to genetic mutations. For a property of interest, we synthesise the constraints over the parameter space that represent the set of GRNs satisfying the property. We experimentally show that our parameter synthesis procedure computes the mutational robustness of GRNs –an important problem of interest in evolutionary biology– more efficiently than the classical simulation method. We specify the property in linear temporal logics. We employ symbolic bounded model checking and SMT solving to compute the space of GRNs that satisfy the property, which amounts to synthesizing a set of linear constraints on the weights.},
  author       = {Giacobbe, Mirco and Guet, Calin C and Gupta, Ashutosh and Henzinger, Thomas A and Paixao, Tiago and Petrov, Tatjana},
  location     = {London, United Kingdom},
  pages        = {469 -- 483},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  title        = {{Model checking gene regulatory networks}},
  doi          = {10.1007/978-3-662-46681-0_47},
  volume       = {9035},
  year         = {2015},
}

@article{1850,
  abstract     = {Entomopathogenic fungi are potent biocontrol agents that are widely used against insect pests, many of which are social insects. Nevertheless, theoretical investigations of their particular life history are scarce. We develop a model that takes into account the main distinguishing features between traditionally studied diseases and obligate killing pathogens, like the (biocontrol-relevant) insect-pathogenic fungi Metarhizium and Beauveria. First, obligate killing entomopathogenic fungi produce new infectious particles (conidiospores) only after host death and not yet on the living host. Second, the killing rates of entomopathogenic fungi depend strongly on the initial exposure dosage, thus we explicitly consider the pathogen load of individual hosts. Further, we make the model applicable not only to solitary host species, but also to group living species by incorporating social interactions between hosts, like the collective disease defences of insect societies. Our results identify the optimal killing rate for the pathogen that minimises its invasion threshold. Furthermore, we find that the rate of contact between hosts has an ambivalent effect: dense interaction networks between individuals are considered to facilitate disease outbreaks because of increased pathogen transmission. In social insects, this is compensated by their collective disease defences, i.e., social immunity. For the type of pathogens considered here, we show that even without social immunity, high contact rates between live individuals dilute the pathogen in the host colony and hence can reduce individual pathogen loads below disease-causing levels.},
  author       = {Novak, Sebastian and Cremer, Sylvia},
  journal      = {Journal of Theoretical Biology},
  number       = {5},
  pages        = {54 -- 64},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Fungal disease dynamics in insect societies: Optimal killing rates and the ambivalent effect of high social interaction rates}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.02.018},
  volume       = {372},
  year         = {2015},
}

@article{1851,
  abstract     = {We consider mating strategies for females who search for males sequentially during a season of limited length. We show that the best strategy rejects a given male type if encountered before a time-threshold but accepts him after. For frequency-independent benefits, we obtain the optimal time-thresholds explicitly for both discrete and continuous distributions of males, and allow for mistakes being made in assessing the correct male type. When the benefits are indirect (genes for the offspring) and the population is under frequency-dependent ecological selection, the benefits depend on the mating strategy of other females as well. This case is particularly relevant to speciation models that seek to explore the stability of reproductive isolation by assortative mating under frequency-dependent ecological selection. We show that the indirect benefits are to be quantified by the reproductive values of couples, and describe how the evolutionarily stable time-thresholds can be found. We conclude with an example based on the Levene model, in which we analyze the evolutionarily stable assortative mating strategies and the strength of reproductive isolation provided by them.},
  author       = {Priklopil, Tadeas and Kisdi, Eva and Gyllenberg, Mats},
  issn         = {1558-5646},
  journal      = {Evolution},
  number       = {4},
  pages        = {1015 -- 1026},
  publisher    = {Wiley},
  title        = {{Evolutionarily stable mating decisions for sequentially searching females and the stability of reproductive isolation by assortative mating}},
  doi          = {10.1111/evo.12618},
  volume       = {69},
  year         = {2015},
}

@article{1883,
  abstract     = {We introduce a one-parametric family of tree growth models, in which branching probabilities decrease with branch age τ as τ-α. Depending on the exponent α, the scaling of tree depth with tree size n displays a transition between the logarithmic scaling of random trees and an algebraic growth. At the transition (α=1) tree depth grows as (logn)2. This anomalous scaling is in good agreement with the trend observed in evolution of biological species, thus providing a theoretical support for age-dependent speciation and associating it to the occurrence of a critical point.
},
  author       = {Keller-Schmidt, Stephanie and Tugrul, Murat and Eguíluz, Víctor and Hernandez Garcia, Emilio and Klemm, Konstantin},
  journal      = {Physical Review E Statistical Nonlinear and Soft Matter Physics},
  number       = {2},
  publisher    = {American Institute of Physics},
  title        = {{Anomalous scaling in an age-dependent branching model}},
  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevE.91.022803},
  volume       = {91},
  year         = {2015},
}