[{"acknowledgement":"D.G. and J.P. thank E. Krasnopeeva, C. Guet, G. Guessous and T. Hwa for providing the E. coli strains. This material is based upon work supported by the US Department of Energy under award DE-SC0019769. I.P. acknowledges funding by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 101034413. A.Š. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant No. 802960). M.C.U. acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 754411.","volume":19,"ddc":["530"],"doi":"10.1038/s41567-023-02136-x","day":"01","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"When in equilibrium, thermal forces agitate molecules, which then diffuse, collide and bind to form materials. However, the space of accessible structures in which micron-scale particles can be organized by thermal forces is limited, owing to the slow dynamics and metastable states. Active agents in a passive fluid generate forces and flows, forming a bath with active fluctuations. Two unanswered questions are whether those active agents can drive the assembly of passive components into unconventional states and which material properties they will exhibit. Here we show that passive, sticky beads immersed in a bath of swimming Escherichia coli bacteria aggregate into unconventional clusters and gels that are controlled by the activity of the bath. We observe a slow but persistent rotation of the aggregates that originates in the chirality of the E. coli flagella and directs aggregation into structures that are not accessible thermally. We elucidate the aggregation mechanism with a numerical model of spinning, sticky beads and reproduce quantitatively the experimental results. We show that internal activity controls the phase diagram and the structure of the aggregates. Overall, our results highlight the promising role of active baths in designing the structural and mechanical properties of materials with unconventional phases."}],"date_updated":"2024-01-30T12:26:55Z","year":"2023","citation":{"ista":"Grober D, Palaia I, Ucar MC, Hannezo EB, Šarić A, Palacci JA. 2023. Unconventional colloidal aggregation in chiral bacterial baths. Nature Physics. 19, 1680–1688.","mla":"Grober, Daniel, et al. “Unconventional Colloidal Aggregation in Chiral Bacterial Baths.” <i>Nature Physics</i>, vol. 19, Springer Nature, 2023, pp. 1680–88, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02136-x\">10.1038/s41567-023-02136-x</a>.","short":"D. Grober, I. Palaia, M.C. Ucar, E.B. Hannezo, A. Šarić, J.A. Palacci, Nature Physics 19 (2023) 1680–1688.","chicago":"Grober, Daniel, Ivan Palaia, Mehmet C Ucar, Edouard B Hannezo, Anđela Šarić, and Jérémie A Palacci. “Unconventional Colloidal Aggregation in Chiral Bacterial Baths.” <i>Nature Physics</i>. Springer Nature, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02136-x\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02136-x</a>.","ieee":"D. Grober, I. Palaia, M. C. Ucar, E. B. Hannezo, A. Šarić, and J. A. Palacci, “Unconventional colloidal aggregation in chiral bacterial baths,” <i>Nature Physics</i>, vol. 19. Springer Nature, pp. 1680–1688, 2023.","ama":"Grober D, Palaia I, Ucar MC, Hannezo EB, Šarić A, Palacci JA. Unconventional colloidal aggregation in chiral bacterial baths. <i>Nature Physics</i>. 2023;19:1680-1688. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02136-x\">10.1038/s41567-023-02136-x</a>","apa":"Grober, D., Palaia, I., Ucar, M. C., Hannezo, E. B., Šarić, A., &#38; Palacci, J. A. (2023). Unconventional colloidal aggregation in chiral bacterial baths. <i>Nature Physics</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02136-x\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02136-x</a>"},"isi":1,"external_id":{"isi":["001037346400005"]},"publisher":"Springer Nature","article_type":"original","page":"1680-1688","quality_controlled":"1","ec_funded":1,"file_date_updated":"2024-01-30T12:26:08Z","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"EdHa"},{"_id":"AnSa"},{"_id":"JePa"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes","date_created":"2023-08-06T22:01:11Z","title":"Unconventional colloidal aggregation in chiral bacterial baths","intvolume":"        19","_id":"13971","scopus_import":"1","author":[{"id":"abdfc56f-34fb-11ee-bd33-fd766fce5a99","full_name":"Grober, Daniel","last_name":"Grober","first_name":"Daniel"},{"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Palaia","orcid":" 0000-0002-8843-9485 ","full_name":"Palaia, Ivan","id":"9c805cd2-4b75-11ec-a374-db6dd0ed57fa"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-0506-4217","full_name":"Ucar, Mehmet C","first_name":"Mehmet C","last_name":"Ucar","id":"50B2A802-6007-11E9-A42B-EB23E6697425"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-6005-1561","full_name":"Hannezo, Edouard B","first_name":"Edouard B","last_name":"Hannezo","id":"3A9DB764-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Anđela","last_name":"Šarić","orcid":"0000-0002-7854-2139","full_name":"Šarić, Anđela","id":"bf63d406-f056-11eb-b41d-f263a6566d8b"},{"id":"8fb92548-2b22-11eb-b7c1-a3f0d08d7c7d","orcid":"0000-0002-7253-9465","full_name":"Palacci, Jérémie A","first_name":"Jérémie A","last_name":"Palacci"}],"file":[{"date_updated":"2024-01-30T12:26:08Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2023_NaturePhysics_Grober.pdf","date_created":"2024-01-30T12:26:08Z","file_size":6365607,"checksum":"7e282c2ebc0ac82125a04f6b4742d4c1","file_id":"14906","creator":"dernst","success":1,"relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1745-2473"],"eissn":["1745-2481"]},"oa":1,"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"date_published":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","project":[{"grant_number":"101034413","name":"IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c"},{"_id":"eba2549b-77a9-11ec-83b8-a81e493eae4e","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"802960","name":"Non-Equilibrium Protein Assembly: from Building Blocks to Biological Machines"},{"grant_number":"754411","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"month":"11","publication":"Nature Physics","has_accepted_license":"1"},{"intvolume":"         5","title":"Rotation control, interlocking, and self‐positioning of active cogwheels","date_created":"2023-04-12T08:30:03Z","article_processing_charge":"No","department":[{"_id":"JePa"}],"publication_status":"published","issue":"1","author":[{"id":"b37485a8-d343-11eb-a0e9-df8c484ef8ab","full_name":"Martinet, Quentin","first_name":"Quentin","last_name":"Martinet"},{"full_name":"Aubret, Antoine","first_name":"Antoine","last_name":"Aubret"},{"id":"8fb92548-2b22-11eb-b7c1-a3f0d08d7c7d","first_name":"Jérémie A","last_name":"Palacci","orcid":"0000-0002-7253-9465","full_name":"Palacci, Jérémie A"}],"_id":"12822","article_type":"original","publisher":"Wiley","file_date_updated":"2023-04-17T06:44:17Z","quality_controlled":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Gears and cogwheels are elemental components of machines. They restrain degrees of freedom and channel power into a specified motion. Building and powering small-scale cogwheels are key steps toward feasible micro and nanomachinery. Assembly, energy injection, and control are, however, a challenge at the microscale. In contrast with passive gears, whose function is to transmit torques from one to another, interlocking and untethered active gears have the potential to unveil dynamics and functions untapped by externally driven mechanisms. Here, it is shown the assembly and control of a family of self-spinning cogwheels with varying teeth numbers and study the interlocking of multiple cogwheels. The teeth are formed by colloidal microswimmers that power the structure. The cogwheels are autonomous and active, showing persistent rotation. Leveraging the angular momentum of optical vortices, we control the direction of rotation of the cogwheels. The pairs of interlocking and active cogwheels that roll over each other in a random walk and have curvature-dependent mobility are studied. This behavior is leveraged to self-position parts and program microbots, demonstrating the ability to pick up, direct, and release a load. The work constitutes a step toward autonomous machinery with external control as well as (re)programmable microbots and matter."}],"day":"01","arxiv":1,"doi":"10.1002/aisy.202200129","external_id":{"arxiv":["2201.03333"],"isi":["000852291200001"]},"isi":1,"citation":{"ieee":"Q. Martinet, A. Aubret, and J. A. Palacci, “Rotation control, interlocking, and self‐positioning of active cogwheels,” <i>Advanced Intelligent Systems</i>, vol. 5, no. 1. Wiley, 2023.","chicago":"Martinet, Quentin, Antoine Aubret, and Jérémie A Palacci. “Rotation Control, Interlocking, and Self‐positioning of Active Cogwheels.” <i>Advanced Intelligent Systems</i>. Wiley, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200129\">https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200129</a>.","apa":"Martinet, Q., Aubret, A., &#38; Palacci, J. A. (2023). Rotation control, interlocking, and self‐positioning of active cogwheels. <i>Advanced Intelligent Systems</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200129\">https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200129</a>","ama":"Martinet Q, Aubret A, Palacci JA. Rotation control, interlocking, and self‐positioning of active cogwheels. <i>Advanced Intelligent Systems</i>. 2023;5(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200129\">10.1002/aisy.202200129</a>","ista":"Martinet Q, Aubret A, Palacci JA. 2023. Rotation control, interlocking, and self‐positioning of active cogwheels. Advanced Intelligent Systems. 5(1), 2200129.","mla":"Martinet, Quentin, et al. “Rotation Control, Interlocking, and Self‐positioning of Active Cogwheels.” <i>Advanced Intelligent Systems</i>, vol. 5, no. 1, 2200129, Wiley, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200129\">10.1002/aisy.202200129</a>.","short":"Q. Martinet, A. Aubret, J.A. Palacci, Advanced Intelligent Systems 5 (2023)."},"year":"2023","date_updated":"2023-08-01T14:06:50Z","ddc":["530"],"acknowledgement":"Army Research Office. Grant Number: W911NF-20-1-0112","volume":5,"article_number":"2200129","month":"01","oa_version":"Published Version","has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2640-4567"]},"type":"journal_article","date_published":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","status":"public","file":[{"date_updated":"2023-04-17T06:44:17Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2023_AdvancedIntelligentSystems_Martinet.pdf","date_created":"2023-04-17T06:44:17Z","file_size":2414125,"checksum":"d48fc41d39892e7fa0d44cb352dd46aa","file_id":"12840","creator":"dernst","relation":"main_file","success":1,"access_level":"open_access"}]},{"publication":"Science","oa_version":"None","month":"08","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_published":"2022-08-12T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1095-9203"],"issn":["0036-8075"]},"status":"public","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"11996","pmid":1,"scopus_import":"1","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-7253-9465","full_name":"Palacci, Jérémie A","first_name":"Jérémie A","last_name":"Palacci","id":"8fb92548-2b22-11eb-b7c1-a3f0d08d7c7d"}],"issue":"6607","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"JePa"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2022-08-28T22:02:00Z","title":"A soft active matter that can climb walls","intvolume":"       377","page":"710-711","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","article_type":"letter_note","date_updated":"2022-09-05T07:37:37Z","year":"2022","citation":{"ista":"Palacci JA. 2022. A soft active matter that can climb walls. Science. 377(6607), 710–711.","mla":"Palacci, Jérémie A. “A Soft Active Matter That Can Climb Walls.” <i>Science</i>, vol. 377, no. 6607, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2022, pp. 710–11, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adc9202\">10.1126/science.adc9202</a>.","short":"J.A. Palacci, Science 377 (2022) 710–711.","ieee":"J. A. Palacci, “A soft active matter that can climb walls,” <i>Science</i>, vol. 377, no. 6607. American Association for the Advancement of Science, pp. 710–711, 2022.","chicago":"Palacci, Jérémie A. “A Soft Active Matter That Can Climb Walls.” <i>Science</i>. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adc9202\">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adc9202</a>.","apa":"Palacci, J. A. (2022). A soft active matter that can climb walls. <i>Science</i>. American Association for the Advancement of Science. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adc9202\">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adc9202</a>","ama":"Palacci JA. A soft active matter that can climb walls. <i>Science</i>. 2022;377(6607):710-711. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adc9202\">10.1126/science.adc9202</a>"},"external_id":{"pmid":["35951689 "]},"doi":"10.1126/science.adc9202","day":"12","abstract":[{"text":"If you mix fruit syrups with alcohol to make a schnapps, the two liquids will remain perfectly blended forever. But if you mix oil with vinegar to make a vinaigrette, the oil and vinegar will soon separate back into their previous selves. Such liquid-liquid phase separation is a thermodynamically driven phenomenon and plays an important role in many biological processes (1). Although energy injection at the macroscale can reverse the phase separation—a strong shake is the normal response to a separated vinaigrette—little is known about the effect of energy added at the microscopic level on phase separation. This fundamental question has deep ramifications, notably in biology, because active processes also make the interior of a living cell different from a dead one. On page 768 of this issue, Adkins et al. (2) examine how mechanical activity at the microscopic scale affects liquid-liquid phase separation and allows liquids to climb surfaces.","lang":"eng"}],"volume":377},{"file_date_updated":"2021-11-15T13:25:52Z","quality_controlled":"1","article_type":"original","publisher":"Springer Nature","author":[{"last_name":"Aubret","first_name":"Antoine","full_name":"Aubret, Antoine"},{"full_name":"Martinet, Quentin","orcid":"0000-0002-2916-6632","last_name":"Martinet","first_name":"Quentin","id":"b37485a8-d343-11eb-a0e9-df8c484ef8ab"},{"id":"8fb92548-2b22-11eb-b7c1-a3f0d08d7c7d","last_name":"Palacci","first_name":"Jérémie A","full_name":"Palacci, Jérémie A","orcid":"0000-0002-7253-9465"}],"issue":"1","_id":"10280","pmid":1,"scopus_import":"1","title":"Metamachines of pluripotent colloids","intvolume":"        12","publication_status":"published","article_processing_charge":"Yes","department":[{"_id":"JePa"}],"date_created":"2021-11-14T23:01:23Z","ddc":["530"],"acknowledgement":"The authors thank R. Jazzar for useful advice regarding the synthesis of heterodimers. We thank S. Sacanna for critical reading. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-1554724 and Department of Army Research under grant W911NF-20-1-0112.","volume":12,"isi":1,"external_id":{"pmid":["34737315"],"isi":["000714754400010"]},"date_updated":"2023-08-14T11:48:37Z","year":"2021","citation":{"mla":"Aubret, Antoine, et al. “Metamachines of Pluripotent Colloids.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 12, no. 1, 6398, Springer Nature, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6\">10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6</a>.","short":"A. Aubret, Q. Martinet, J.A. Palacci, Nature Communications 12 (2021).","ista":"Aubret A, Martinet Q, Palacci JA. 2021. Metamachines of pluripotent colloids. Nature Communications. 12(1), 6398.","apa":"Aubret, A., Martinet, Q., &#38; Palacci, J. A. (2021). Metamachines of pluripotent colloids. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6</a>","ama":"Aubret A, Martinet Q, Palacci JA. Metamachines of pluripotent colloids. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2021;12(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6\">10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6</a>","chicago":"Aubret, Antoine, Quentin Martinet, and Jérémie A Palacci. “Metamachines of Pluripotent Colloids.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6</a>.","ieee":"A. Aubret, Q. Martinet, and J. A. Palacci, “Metamachines of pluripotent colloids,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 12, no. 1. Springer Nature, 2021."},"abstract":[{"text":"Machines enabled the Industrial Revolution and are central to modern technological progress: A machine’s parts transmit forces, motion, and energy to one another in a predetermined manner. Today’s engineering frontier, building artificial micromachines that emulate the biological machinery of living organisms, requires faithful assembly and energy consumption at the microscale. Here, we demonstrate the programmable assembly of active particles into autonomous metamachines using optical templates. Metamachines, or machines made of machines, are stable, mobile and autonomous architectures, whose dynamics stems from the geometry. We use the interplay between anisotropic force generation of the active colloids with the control of their orientation by local geometry. This allows autonomous reprogramming of active particles of the metamachines to achieve multiple functions. It permits the modular assembly of metamachines by fusion, reconfiguration of metamachines and, we anticipate, a shift in focus of self-assembly towards active matter and reprogrammable materials.","lang":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6","day":"04","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Nature Communications","has_accepted_license":"1","month":"11","article_number":"6398","oa_version":"Published Version","status":"public","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","file":[{"file_name":"2021_NatComm_Aubret.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2021-11-15T13:25:52Z","checksum":"1c392b12b9b7b615d422d9fabe19cdb9","file_size":6282703,"date_created":"2021-11-15T13:25:52Z","creator":"cchlebak","file_id":"10292","success":1,"relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access"}],"date_published":"2021-11-04T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]}}]