@phdthesis{539, abstract = {The whole life cycle of plants as well as their responses to environmental stimuli is governed by a complex network of hormonal regulations. A number of studies have demonstrated an essential role of both auxin and cytokinin in the regulation of many aspects of plant growth and development including embryogenesis, postembryonic organogenic processes such as root, and shoot branching, root and shoot apical meristem activity and phyllotaxis. Over the last decades essential knowledge on the key molecular factors and pathways that spatio-temporally define auxin and cytokinin activities in the plant body has accumulated. However, how both hormonal pathways are interconnected by a complex network of interactions and feedback circuits that determines the final outcome of the individual hormone actions is still largely unknown. Root system architecture establishment and in particular formation of lateral organs is prime example of developmental process at whose regulation both auxin and cytokinin pathways converge. To dissect convergence points and pathways that tightly balance auxin - cytokinin antagonistic activities that determine the root branching pattern transcriptome profiling was applied. Genome wide expression analyses of the xylem pole pericycle, a tissue giving rise to lateral roots, led to identification of genes that are highly responsive to combinatorial auxin and cytokinin treatments and play an essential function in the auxin-cytokinin regulated root branching. SYNERGISTIC AUXIN CYTOKININ 1 (SYAC1) gene, which encodes for a protein of unknown function, was detected among the top candidate genes of which expression was synergistically up-regulated by simultaneous hormonal treatment. Plants with modulated SYAC1 activity exhibit severe defects in the root system establishment and attenuate developmental responses to both auxin and cytokinin. To explore the biological function of the SYAC1, we employed different strategies including expression pattern analysis, subcellular localization and phenotypic analyses of the syac1 loss-of-function and gain-of-function transgenic lines along with the identification of the SYAC1 interaction partners. Detailed functional characterization revealed that SYAC1 acts as a developmentally specific regulator of the secretory pathway to control deposition of cell wall components and thereby rapidly fine tune elongation growth.}, author = {Hurny, Andrej}, issn = {2663-337X}, pages = {147}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Identification and characterization of novel auxin-cytokinin cross-talk components}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_930}, year = {2018}, } @article{54, abstract = {During epithelial tissue development, repair, and homeostasis, adherens junctions (AJs) ensure intercellular adhesion and tissue integrity while allowing for cell and tissue dynamics. Mechanical forces play critical roles in AJs’ composition and dynamics. Recent findings highlight that beyond a well-established role in reinforcing cell-cell adhesion, AJ mechanosensitivity promotes junctional remodeling and polarization, thereby regulating critical processes such as cell intercalation, division, and collective migration. Here, we provide an integrated view of mechanosensing mechanisms that regulate cell-cell contact composition, geometry, and integrity under tension and highlight pivotal roles for mechanosensitive AJ remodeling in preserving epithelial integrity and sustaining tissue dynamics.}, author = {Nunes Pinheiro, Diana C and Bellaïche, Yohanns}, journal = {Developmental Cell}, number = {1}, pages = {3 -- 19}, publisher = {Cell Press}, title = {{Mechanical force-driven adherents junction remodeling and epithelial dynamics}}, doi = {10.1016/j.devcel.2018.09.014}, volume = {47}, year = {2018}, } @article{542, abstract = {The t-haplotype, a mouse meiotic driver found on chromosome 17, has been a model for autosomal segregation distortion for close to a century, but several questions remain regarding its biology and evolutionary history. A recently published set of population genomics resources for wild mice includes several individuals heterozygous for the t-haplotype, which we use to characterize this selfish element at the genomic and transcriptomic level. Our results show that large sections of the t-haplotype have been replaced by standard homologous sequences, possibly due to occasional events of recombination, and that this complicates the inference of its history. As expected for a long genomic segment of very low recombination, the t-haplotype carries an excess of fixed nonsynonymous mutations compared to the standard chromosome. This excess is stronger for regions that have not undergone recent recombination, suggesting that occasional gene flow between the t and the standard chromosome may provide a mechanism to regenerate coding sequences that have accumulated deleterious mutations. Finally, we find that t-complex genes with altered expression largely overlap with deleted or amplified regions, and that carrying a t-haplotype alters the testis expression of genes outside of the t-complex, providing new leads into the pathways involved in the biology of this segregation distorter.}, author = {Kelemen, Réka K and Vicoso, Beatriz}, journal = {Genetics}, number = {1}, pages = {365 -- 375}, publisher = {Genetics Society of America}, title = {{Complex history and differentiation patterns of the t-haplotype, a mouse meiotic driver}}, doi = {10.1534/genetics.117.300513}, volume = {208}, year = {2018}, } @article{543, abstract = {A central goal in theoretical neuroscience is to predict the response properties of sensory neurons from first principles. To this end, “efficient coding” posits that sensory neurons encode maximal information about their inputs given internal constraints. There exist, however, many variants of efficient coding (e.g., redundancy reduction, different formulations of predictive coding, robust coding, sparse coding, etc.), differing in their regimes of applicability, in the relevance of signals to be encoded, and in the choice of constraints. It is unclear how these types of efficient coding relate or what is expected when different coding objectives are combined. Here we present a unified framework that encompasses previously proposed efficient coding models and extends to unique regimes. We show that optimizing neural responses to encode predictive information can lead them to either correlate or decorrelate their inputs, depending on the stimulus statistics; in contrast, at low noise, efficiently encoding the past always predicts decorrelation. Later, we investigate coding of naturalistic movies and show that qualitatively different types of visual motion tuning and levels of response sparsity are predicted, depending on whether the objective is to recover the past or predict the future. Our approach promises a way to explain the observed diversity of sensory neural responses, as due to multiple functional goals and constraints fulfilled by different cell types and/or circuits.}, author = {Chalk, Matthew J and Marre, Olivier and Tkacik, Gasper}, journal = {PNAS}, number = {1}, pages = {186 -- 191}, publisher = {National Academy of Sciences}, title = {{Toward a unified theory of efficient, predictive, and sparse coding}}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1711114115}, volume = {115}, year = {2018}, } @article{544, abstract = {Drosophila melanogaster plasmatocytes, the phagocytic cells among hemocytes, are essential for immune responses, but also play key roles from early development to death through their interactions with other cell types. They regulate homeostasis and signaling during development, stem cell proliferation, metabolism, cancer, wound responses and aging, displaying intriguing molecular and functional conservation with vertebrate macrophages. Given the relative ease of genetics in Drosophila compared to vertebrates, tools permitting visualization and genetic manipulation of plasmatocytes and surrounding tissues independently at all stages would greatly aid in fully understanding these processes, but are lacking. Here we describe a comprehensive set of transgenic lines that allow this. These include extremely brightly fluorescing mCherry-based lines that allow GAL4-independent visualization of plasmatocyte nuclei, cytoplasm or actin cytoskeleton from embryonic Stage 8 through adulthood in both live and fixed samples even as heterozygotes, greatly facilitating screening. These lines allow live visualization and tracking of embryonic plasmatocytes, as well as larval plasmatocytes residing at the body wall or flowing with the surrounding hemolymph. With confocal imaging, interactions of plasmatocytes and inner tissues can be seen in live or fixed embryos, larvae and adults. They permit efficient GAL4-independent FACS analysis/sorting of plasmatocytes throughout life. To facilitate genetic analysis of reciprocal signaling, we have also made a plasmatocyte-expressing QF2 line that in combination with extant GAL4 drivers allows independent genetic manipulation of both plasmatocytes and surrounding tissues, and a GAL80 line that blocks GAL4 drivers from affecting plasmatocytes, both of which function from the early embryo to the adult.}, author = {György, Attila and Roblek, Marko and Ratheesh, Aparna and Valosková, Katarina and Belyaeva, Vera and Wachner, Stephanie and Matsubayashi, Yutaka and Sanchez Sanchez, Besaiz and Stramer, Brian and Siekhaus, Daria E}, journal = {G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics}, number = {3}, pages = {845 -- 857}, publisher = {Genetics Society of America}, title = {{Tools allowing independent visualization and genetic manipulation of Drosophila melanogaster macrophages and surrounding tissues}}, doi = {10.1534/g3.117.300452}, volume = {8}, year = {2018}, } @article{546, abstract = {The precise control of neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and differentiation is crucial for the development and function of the human brain. Here, we review the emerging links between the alteration of embryonic and adult neurogenesis and the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs) such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and schizophrenia (SCZ), as well as the advances in stem cell-based modeling and the novel therapeutic targets derived from these studies.}, author = {Sacco, Roberto and Cacci, Emanuele and Novarino, Gaia}, journal = {Current Opinion in Neurobiology}, number = {2}, pages = {131 -- 138}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Neural stem cells in neuropsychiatric disorders}}, doi = {10.1016/j.conb.2017.12.005}, volume = {48}, year = {2018}, } @article{55, abstract = {Many animals use antimicrobials to prevent or cure disease [1,2]. For example, some animals will ingest plants with medicinal properties, both prophylactically to prevent infection and therapeutically to self-medicate when sick. Antimicrobial substances are also used as topical disinfectants, to prevent infection, protect offspring and to sanitise their surroundings [1,2]. Social insects (ants, bees, wasps and termites) build nests in environments with a high abundance and diversity of pathogenic microorganisms — such as soil and rotting wood — and colonies are often densely crowded, creating conditions that favour disease outbreaks. Consequently, social insects have evolved collective disease defences to protect their colonies from epidemics. These traits can be seen as functionally analogous to the immune system of individual organisms [3,4]. This ‘social immunity’ utilises antimicrobials to prevent and eradicate infections, and to keep the brood and nest clean. However, these antimicrobial compounds can be harmful to the insects themselves, and it is unknown how colonies prevent collateral damage when using them. Here, we demonstrate that antimicrobial acids, produced by workers to disinfect the colony, are harmful to the delicate pupal brood stage, but that the pupae are protected from the acids by the presence of a silk cocoon. Garden ants spray their nests with an antimicrobial poison to sanitize contaminated nestmates and brood. Here, Pull et al show that they also prophylactically sanitise their colonies, and that the silk cocoon serves as a barrier to protect developing pupae, thus preventing collateral damage during nest sanitation.}, author = {Pull, Christopher and Metzler, Sina and Naderlinger, Elisabeth and Cremer, Sylvia}, journal = {Current Biology}, number = {19}, pages = {R1139 -- R1140}, publisher = {Cell Press}, title = {{Protection against the lethal side effects of social immunity in ants}}, doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.063}, volume = {28}, year = {2018}, } @article{554, abstract = {We analyse the canonical Bogoliubov free energy functional in three dimensions at low temperatures in the dilute limit. We prove existence of a first-order phase transition and, in the limit (Formula presented.), we determine the critical temperature to be (Formula presented.) to leading order. Here, (Formula presented.) is the critical temperature of the free Bose gas, ρ is the density of the gas and a is the scattering length of the pair-interaction potential V. We also prove asymptotic expansions for the free energy. In particular, we recover the Lee–Huang–Yang formula in the limit (Formula presented.).}, author = {Napiórkowski, Marcin M and Reuvers, Robin and Solovej, Jan}, issn = {00103616}, journal = {Communications in Mathematical Physics}, number = {1}, pages = {347--403}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {{The Bogoliubov free energy functional II: The dilute Limit}}, doi = {10.1007/s00220-017-3064-x}, volume = {360}, year = {2018}, } @article{555, abstract = {Conventional wisdom has it that proteins fold and assemble into definite structures, and that this defines their function. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are different. In most cases the structures they form have a low degree of order, even when interacting with proteins. Here, we discuss how physical features common to all GAGs — hydrophilicity, charge, linearity and semi-flexibility — underpin the overall properties of GAG-rich matrices. By integrating soft matter physics concepts (e.g. polymer brushes and phase separation) with our molecular understanding of GAG–protein interactions, we can better comprehend how GAG-rich matrices assemble, what their properties are, and how they function. Taking perineuronal nets (PNNs) — a GAG-rich matrix enveloping neurons — as a relevant example, we propose that microphase separation determines the holey PNN anatomy that is pivotal to PNN functions.}, author = {Richter, Ralf and Baranova, Natalia and Day, Anthony and Kwok, Jessica}, journal = {Current Opinion in Structural Biology}, pages = {65 -- 74}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Glycosaminoglycans in extracellular matrix organisation: Are concepts from soft matter physics key to understanding the formation of perineuronal nets?}}, doi = {10.1016/j.sbi.2017.12.002}, volume = {50}, year = {2018}, } @article{556, abstract = {We investigate the free boundary Schur process, a variant of the Schur process introduced by Okounkov and Reshetikhin, where we allow the first and the last partitions to be arbitrary (instead of empty in the original setting). The pfaffian Schur process, previously studied by several authors, is recovered when just one of the boundary partitions is left free. We compute the correlation functions of the process in all generality via the free fermion formalism, which we extend with the thorough treatment of “free boundary states.” For the case of one free boundary, our approach yields a new proof that the process is pfaffian. For the case of two free boundaries, we find that the process is not pfaffian, but a closely related process is. We also study three different applications of the Schur process with one free boundary: fluctuations of symmetrized last passage percolation models, limit shapes and processes for symmetric plane partitions and for plane overpartitions.}, author = {Betea, Dan and Bouttier, Jeremie and Nejjar, Peter and Vuletic, Mirjana}, issn = {1424-0637}, journal = {Annales Henri Poincare}, number = {12}, pages = {3663--3742}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{The free boundary Schur process and applications I}}, doi = {10.1007/s00023-018-0723-1}, volume = {19}, year = {2018}, } @misc{5569, abstract = {Nela Nikolic, Tobias Bergmiller, Alexandra Vandervelde, Tanino G. Albanese, Lendert Gelens, and Isabella Moll (2018) “Autoregulation of mazEF expression underlies growth heterogeneity in bacterial populations” Nucleic Acids Research, doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:74; microscopy experiments by Tobias Bergmiller; image and data analysis by Nela Nikolic.}, author = {Bergmiller, Tobias and Nikolic, Nela}, keywords = {microscopy, microfluidics}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Time-lapse microscopy data}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:74}, year = {2018}, } @misc{5573, abstract = {Graph matching problems for large displacement optical flow of RGB-D images.}, author = {Alhaija, Hassan and Sellent, Anita and Kondermann, Daniel and Rother, Carsten}, keywords = {graph matching, quadratic assignment problem<}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Graph matching problems for GraphFlow – 6D Large Displacement Scene Flow}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:82}, year = {2018}, } @misc{5574, abstract = {Comparison of Scopus' and publisher's data on Austrian publication output at IOP. }, author = {Villányi, Márton}, keywords = {Publication analysis, Bibliography, Open Access}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Data Check IOP Scopus vs. Publisher}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:86}, year = {2018}, } @misc{5575, abstract = {Comparison of Scopus' and FWF's data on Austrian publication output at RSC. }, author = {Villányi, Márton}, keywords = {Publication analysis, Bibliography, Open Access}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Data Check RSC Scopus vs. FWF}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:87}, year = {2018}, } @misc{5576, abstract = {Comparison of Scopus' and FWF's data on Austrian publication output at T&F.}, author = {Villányi, Márton}, keywords = {Publication analysis, Bibliography, Open Access}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Data Check T&F Scopus vs. FWF}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:88}, year = {2018}, } @misc{5577, abstract = {Data on Austrian open access publication output at Emerald from 2013-2017 including data analysis.}, author = {Villányi, Márton}, keywords = {Publication analysis, Bibliography, Open Access}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Emerald Austrian Publications 2013-2017}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:89}, year = {2018}, } @misc{5578, abstract = {Data on Austrian open access publication output at IOP from 2012-2015 including data analysis.}, author = {Villányi, Márton}, keywords = {Publication analysis, Bibliography, Open Access}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{IOP Austrian Publications 2012-2015}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:90}, year = {2018}, } @misc{5579, abstract = {Data on Austrian open access publication output at RSC from 2013-2017 including data analysis.}, author = {Villányi, Márton}, keywords = {Publication analysis, Bibliography, Open Access}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{RSC Austrian Publications 2013-2017}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:91}, year = {2018}, } @misc{5580, abstract = {Data on Austrian open access publication output at SAGE from 2013-2017 including data analysis.}, author = {Villányi, Márton}, keywords = {Publication analysis, Bibliography, Open Access}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{SAGE Austrian Publications 2013-2017}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:92}, year = {2018}, } @misc{5581, abstract = {Data on Austrian open access publication output at Springer from 2013-2016 including data analysis.}, author = {Villányi, Márton}, keywords = {Publication analysis, Bibliography, Open Access}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Springer Austrian Publications 2013-2016}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:93}, year = {2018}, }